A Perspective Changing NAD+ Supplement? Nuchido Time+

Physionic
25 Sept 202413:04

Summary

TLDR本视频探讨了NAD补充剂对健康的影响。尽管先前的研究显示NAD补充剂对健康生物标志物影响不大,但最近的一项研究提出了新的视角。这项研究采用交叉设计,测试了NAD补充剂对NAD水平、细胞途径、炎症和衰老标志物的影响。结果显示,虽然NAD水平有所提高,但在其他方面效果不明显。研究者提出了一种新的补充策略,通过平衡NAD的生成和降解来提高其效果。尽管研究结果并不完全令人信服,但这一新思路为NAD补充剂的研究提供了新的方向。

Takeaways

  • 🧬 NAD(烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸)是细胞内的一种重要分子,直接参与DNA修复、基因修复以及线粒体代谢等多种细胞途径。
  • 👵 以往的研究表明,NAD补充剂对于健康生物标志物的影响有限,除非是年纪较大的人群(50-60岁以上)。
  • 🔍 新的人类试验采用了交叉设计,通过一个月的NAD补充剂和安慰剂的交替使用,来评估NAD水平、细胞内NAD特定途径、炎症指标和衰老指标的变化。
  • 🧪 研究者提出了一个新的假设,即通过补充NAD的前体分子(如NMN和NR)可能不是最佳方法,因为随着年龄的增长,将这些前体转化为NAD的酶的浓度会降低。
  • 💡 研究建议直接补充NAD或使用能够平衡NAD生成和降解途径的活性分子,如香菜提取物,可能更有效。
  • 📈 试验数据显示,使用NAD补充剂的参与者血液中NAD水平有所上升,而安慰剂组则没有变化。
  • 📊 在细胞内,NAD补充剂似乎增加了某些基因表达调控蛋白的水平,但对线粒体基因和NAD降解酶CD38的影响不显著。
  • 👵 尽管NAD补充剂似乎对减少蛋白质糖化有轻微益处,但研究者使用的统计方法存在问题,且对生物年龄变化的效果不明确。
  • 🤔 尽管研究提出了有趣的假设,但作者认为证据并不具有说服力,因此对NAD补充剂的立场未变,认为它可能不值得投资,除非在特定情况下。
  • 🔗 更多关于炎症效应的讨论和补充剂细节将在视频的扩展版本中提供,链接在视频描述中。

Q & A

  • NAD补充剂在健康生物标志物方面的效果如何?

    -根据分析,NAD补充剂在健康生物标志物方面的效果并不显著,除非可能年龄较大,比如50、60岁及以上。

  • NAD补充剂是否被认为可以改善临床指标,例如胆固醇、血糖和胰岛素?

    -NAD补充剂从未被假设可以改善这些临床指标,因此之前的研究可能没有关注NAD特定的指标。

  • 什么是交叉设计研究?

    -交叉设计研究是一种研究方法,参与者在不同时间接受不同的干预措施,这样可以减少遗传和营养对结果的影响。

  • NAD在细胞中的作用是什么?

    -NAD是一种在细胞内发现的常见分子,直接涉及DNA修复、基因修复以及线粒体代谢等细胞途径。

  • 研究人员提出的NAD补充剂的新假设是什么?

    -研究人员提出,由于老年细胞中NAD转化酶的浓度降低,而NAD降解酶的浓度增加,因此NAD补充剂可能需要与活性分子共同摄入,以重新平衡这一平衡。

  • NAD补充剂直接给药与给药前体分子有何不同?

    -直接给药NAD补充剂不稳定,因此研究人员使用更稳定的前体分子。他们认为,通过共同摄入可以重新平衡NAD生成和降解的活性分子,可能更有效。

  • 研究人员在NAD补充剂试验中观察到了哪些变化?

    -研究人员观察到NAD水平在补充组上升,而安慰剂组没有变化。此外,某些酶的水平有所增加,但对线粒体基因或NAD降解酶cd38的影响不大。

  • 研究人员如何评估NAD补充剂对细胞途径的直接影响?

    -研究人员通过观察NAD补充剂对组蛋白去乙酰化酶SIRT1的影响来评估其对细胞途径的直接影响,发现NAD补充剂在某些条件下增加了SIRT1的水平。

  • 研究人员如何测量生物年龄的变化?

    -研究人员通过测量血清中IgG抗体的糖基化程度来评估生物年龄的变化,但统计数据不明确,因此效果尚不明确。

  • NAD补充剂对蛋白质糖基化有何影响?

    -尽管统计数据不明确,但NAD补充剂似乎对减少整体蛋白质糖基化有小幅度的益处。

  • 根据这项研究,NAD补充剂是否值得购买?

    -根据这项研究,NAD补充剂可能并不值得购买,除非在特定情况下,如年龄较大者。

Outlines

00:00

🧬 NAD补充剂的新研究

本段讨论了NAD补充剂在人体中的作用,特别是NMN补充剂。提到了之前的研究显示NAD补充剂对健康生物标志物的影响有限,除非是年纪较大的人群。然而,NAD补充剂并未被假设能够改善临床指标,如胆固醇、血糖、胰岛素等。最近的一项研究可能提供了不同的视角,研究者采用了交叉设计的方法,将参与者分为安慰剂组和NAD补充剂组,进行了为期一个月的干预,然后是洗脱期,最后交换条件。研究测量了NAD水平、细胞内NAD特定途径、炎症指标和衰老指标。研究者提出了一个新的假设,即之前的NAD补充剂研究可能因为使用了错误的指标而效果有限。他们提出了一个新的补充剂配方,包括能够平衡NAD生产和降解的活性分子,如欧芹提取物,可以阻断CD38,理论上可以减少其浓度。

05:03

📊 NAD补充剂对NAD水平和细胞途径的影响

本段详细讨论了NAD补充剂对血液中NAD水平的影响,以及对细胞内NAD中心途径的直接影响。研究显示,使用NAD补充剂的参与者血液中NAD水平上升,而安慰剂组则没有变化。研究还观察了NAD补充剂对组蛋白去乙酰化酶SIRT1的影响,这是一种调节细胞核内基因的酶。结果显示,NAD补充剂组在某些条件下显著增加了SIRT1蛋白的水平。然而,对线粒体基因和NAD降解酶CD38的影响并不明显,表明可能只解决了途径的一部分。此外,研究还提到了对炎症效应的评估,以及补充剂配方本身的一些细节,这些可能会在视频的扩展版本中详细讨论。

10:05

📉 NAD补充剂对衰老指标和炎症的影响

本段探讨了NAD补充剂对衰老指标的影响,特别是通过测量血清中IgG抗体的糖基化程度。糖基化程度越高,通常意味着健康状况越差。数据显示,NAD补充剂组的糖基化程度有所下降,但缺乏统计学上的明确证据。此外,作者对研究中使用的统计方法提出了批评,认为应该使用ANOVA而不是学生t检验。尽管如此,研究似乎在减少蛋白质糖基化方面显示出了一定的益处。作者还提到,将在视频的扩展版本中讨论炎症效应,但到目前为止,他认为这项研究并没有改变他对NAD补充剂的看法,认为它可能不值得投资,除非在特定情况下。

Mindmap

Keywords

💡NAD补充

NAD补充指的是通过摄入NAD(烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸)的前体,如NMN(烟酰胺单核苷酸)和NR(烟酰胺核糖苷),来提高体内NAD水平的行为。在视频中,讨论了NAD补充对于健康生物标志物的影响,以及它在不同年龄段人群中的效果。

💡NMN

NMN是NAD的一种前体,通过特定的酶促反应转化为NAD。视频中提到,尽管NMN补充对某些健康指标的影响有限,但研究者们正在探索更有效的补充策略。

💡临床测量

临床测量指的是用于评估健康状况的医学测试,如胆固醇、血糖和胰岛素水平。视频中指出,尽管NAD补充对这些临床测量的影响尚未明确,但研究者正在探索其潜在效果。

💡交叉设计

交叉设计是一种实验设计,其中参与者在不同时间点接受不同的干预措施。视频中提到,这种设计有助于减少遗传和营养对结果的影响,因为它允许相同的参与者在不同时间接受不同的干预。

💡细胞途径

细胞途径指的是细胞内发生的一系列生化反应,如DNA修复、基因表达调控和线粒体代谢。NAD在这些途径中起着关键作用。视频中强调了NAD在细胞功能中的重要性。

💡

酶是生物催化剂,能够加速化学反应。在NAD补充的背景下,酶如NMPT和NMNAT参与将NAD前体转化为NAD的过程。视频中讨论了随着年龄增长,这些酶的活性可能降低,从而影响NAD的合成。

💡衰老

衰老是生物体随时间推移发生的自然退化过程。视频中提到,NAD补充可能对衰老过程中的某些生物标志物有影响,尽管研究结果并不一致。

💡炎症

炎症是身体对损伤或感染的免疫反应。视频中提到,研究者们正在探索NAD补充对炎症标志物的影响,尽管目前的数据并不完全支持其有效性。

💡统计测试

统计测试用于分析数据并确定结果的显著性。视频中批评了某些研究中使用的统计测试方法,指出使用学生T检验而不是方差分析(ANOVA)可能导致结果的误解。

💡蛋白糖基化

蛋白糖基化是一种生物化学过程,其中糖分子附着在蛋白质上。视频中提到,NAD补充可能有助于减少蛋白质糖基化,这与健康和衰老有关。

Highlights

NAD补充剂在改善健康生物标志物方面的效果可能并不显著,尤其是对于较年轻的人群。

NAD补充剂从未被认为能改善胆固醇、血糖、胰岛素等临床指标。

一项新的人类试验可能提供了不同的视角,研究者从不同的角度探讨NAD补充剂。

NAD是一种在细胞内发现的常见分子,直接涉及DNA修复、基因修复和线粒体代谢等细胞途径。

试验采用了交叉设计,减少了遗传和营养对结果的影响。

研究者提出了一个假设,即以往的NAD补充方法可能是错误的。

研究者提出了一个新方法,即直接补充NAD,而不是其前体分子。

随着年龄的增长,将NAD前体转化为NAD的酶浓度降低,而降解NAD的酶浓度增加。

研究者提出了一种新的补充策略,即同时补充活性分子以平衡NAD的生成和降解。

血液NAD水平的实验表明,NAD补充剂组的NAD水平上升,而安慰剂组没有变化。

研究还观察了NAD对细胞内特定途径的直接影响,例如组蛋白去乙酰化酶SIRT1。

NAD补充剂似乎增加了SIRT1蛋白的水平,这可能对抗衰老和自噬基因有积极影响。

尽管NAD补充剂增加了某些酶的水平,但对线粒体基因和NAD降解酶CD38的影响不大。

研究者使用了基于血清中IgG抗体糖基化的实验来测量生物年龄。

尽管数据显示NAD补充剂可能减少了蛋白质糖基化,但统计数据的不明确性使得这一发现的可靠性受到质疑。

研究者认为,尽管有一些积极的迹象,但整体上并没有提供非常有力的证据来支持NAD补充剂的有效性。

作者对NAD补充剂的立场没有改变,认为它可能不值得投资,除非在特定情况下。

Transcripts

play00:00

I've had some less than encouraging

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words to say when it comes to NAD

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supplements at least when it comes to

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nmn supplementation the reason comes

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down to the studies that I analyzed in

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previous work offering an overall

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perspective that it simply doesn't do

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much in relation to various Health

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biomarkers unless possibly you're a

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little older say 50 60 and beyond that

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said though I've also mentioned that NAD

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supplements have never really been

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postulated to improved clinical measures

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like cholesterol blood sugar insulin and

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so on so it almost seemed like a

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self-defeating prophecy to have so many

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human studies looking at NAD

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supplementation and yet so few look at

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metrics that are actually NAD specific

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well fortunately we have a trial that

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was recently published and was brought

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to my attention by a few physionic

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insiders this trial might tell a

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different story because the researchers

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address the NAD supplementation issue

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from a different perspective which I

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admittedly really like so what does this

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new human trial show and does it change

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my

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perspective really quickly if you aren't

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familiar with NAD it's a common molecule

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found inside your cells and it's

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directly implicated in different

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cellular Pathways like DNA repair Gene

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repair as well as plays a crucial role

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in mitochon contral metabolism among

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other Pathways without it you're dead I

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really can't put it more simply than

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that I'll get into some more specifics

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on some of the mechanisms in a minute

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but first the study the trial which was

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partially industry funded split one

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group of people into two groups a

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placebo group which is an inert uh non

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NAD intervention and the NAD

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supplementation group and had each group

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consume the respective intervention for

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one month and then they underwent a wash

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out phase a period of time where they

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essentially no longer consumed anything

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and return to their normal

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lifestyle and then they switch

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conditions this kind of study is known

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as a crossover design it's a great

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design that reduces the impact of

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genetics and even nutrition on the

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results because the same participants

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are exposed to both interventions during

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both time periods the participants

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multiple measures taken to assess

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changes in NAD levels intracellular NAD

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specific Pathways inflammatory measures

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and even an aging measurement admittedly

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this trial seems more in line with what

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preclinical studies look into which is

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why I wanted to bring it up to you now

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before we look at the data allow me to

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explain the different hypothesis that

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the researchers put forward you know how

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I said most studies using NAD

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supplements in humans up to now have

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been pretty lackluster well sure some of

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that and maybe a major reason is due to

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looking at the wrong metrics to assess

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nad's impact however the researchers

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acknowledge there's been a limited

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effectiveness of NAD supplementation and

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that may be because we've been going

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about supplementation

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incorrectly they present this graphic

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which goes over the NAD production and

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utilization path pathway dominant in

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cells previous research has simply given

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participants NAD precursors like the

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aforementioned nmn and NR which means

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that they were given molecules that are

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converted to NAD through these enzymatic

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reactions like this one here n m PT

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along with another one

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nmnat so the researchers thought to

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themselves well why not just give NAD

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directly because no one had ever thought

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of that brilliant plan before I'm

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kidding that's already been tried but

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NAD is apparently really unstable so

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researchers use more stable precursor

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molecules anyway what the researchers

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point out is that the enzymes that

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convert precursor molecules to NAD are

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reduced in concentration in aging cells

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in addition enzymes that degrade NAD

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like cd38 and

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nnmt there increase in concentration

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with aging so think about it the pool is

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less readily replenished by the

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precursors because the enzymes aren't as

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readily available as well as degraded

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more readily due to more degradation

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enzymes a double hit to the available

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NAD pool so the solution would be to

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co-ingested supplement with active

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molecules that rebalance both sides of

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the equation they show that if

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Illustrated here note the different

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molecules like parsley extract that

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blocks cd38 thereby reducing its

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concentration theoretically that is

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because this is just an idea at present

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we'll see if the evidence if it actually

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pans out in a minute personally I like

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this thinking it makes a good reasonable

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sense so does the logic pan out to the

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data here we're again blood NAD levels

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the vertical axis is the amount of blood

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NAD and the horizontal line is the time

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elaps the black bars are the non NAD

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supplemented placebo group and the puke

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gold are the NAD supplemented group

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using this magic cocktail

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proposed clearly NAD levels rise in the

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correct group but not in the placebo

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group this is an important experiment to

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indicate

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if the NAD supplement is well even

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absorbed it is however one drawback of

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this experiment is that many previous

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Studies have shown increases in blood

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NAD but still have shown no effect of

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NAD yes I understand that ignores some

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of the context that I mentioned earlier

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but I'm just saying anyway tissue NAD

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would have been preferable but whatever

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we don't actually care so long as the

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other metrics change so do they let us

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begin inside of your cells I like this

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experiment because they're addressing

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the actual direct effect of NAD on NAD

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Centric Pathways first they look at CT

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one c one is a histone deacetylase which

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means that it regulates genes in the

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nucleus of your cells specifically your

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genes are encoded written as DNA

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segments and these DNA segments are

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coiled around proteins called histones

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the orientation of these histones

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influences if these genes are red or

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suppressed the grand histone conspiracy

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of suppression at any rate c one takes a

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tag known as an acetes off the histone

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which changes if the DNA reading

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proteins can read the Gene and produce

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the protein encoded I'll wrap this up by

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saying that this matters because many of

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the genes that c One controls are age

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related genes as well as autophagy genes

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okay A bit of background out of the way

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and be aware that there's plenty more to

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be said on that topic what did the NAD

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cocktail do well I could show you this

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but I doubt it would actually offer much

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unless uh you know molecular biology yes

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it's really ugly by the way for those in

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the know anyway let's focus on the

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average results in in bar graph form

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we're comparing against the BL there in

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both conditions that's a baseline before

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supplementation of placebo or NAD

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cocktail the grayscale bar is all the

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placebo results over 28 days and the

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vomit gold graph is the NAD cocktail the

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higher the bar the more c one protein is

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present clearly the placebo groups

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didn't change appreciably and yet the

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NAD cocktail did increase cert one at

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least in certain conditions and the

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others are awfully close to

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statistically significant which is set

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to

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0.05 don't uh mind those error bars

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we're we'll be uh returning to this

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later in how to interpret this but

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currently it seems that the cocktail

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worked at increasing certainer one

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Levels by the way the same was true for

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one of the NAD producing enzymes

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nppt how however no changes in a potent

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mitochondrial Gene nor the

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aforementioned cd38 which remember

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degrades NAD which means that we're only

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potentially addressing one part of the

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pathway the production but not the

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degradation all right so I planned on

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covering some of the inflammatory

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effects including some more specifics on

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supplement cocktail itself and I'll

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address some of it still but I'll likely

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leave some of the finer details for the

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extended version of this video which can

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actually be accessed if you're a

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physionic Insider the link is in the

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description but fear not we still have

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more to cover the video is just getting

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longer than expected and YouTube is uh

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really not Stellar for uh getting into

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all the nitty-gritty anyway check out

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the Insiders if you're so inclined and

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if not let's continue with the Aging

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effects for the Aging measurements they

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used an experiment based on serum gly

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illation of IGG

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antibodies what was all that gobbley

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cook they measured the amount of sugar

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molecules glucose molecules found

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attached to a very common antibody in

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your body called IG the greater glyc

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illation the worse one's Health outcomes

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generally although it also depends on

play10:21

the molecule attached but we won't get

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into that here's the data that dotted

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line is the Baseline so before

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supplementation and the black dot in

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line called the confidence interval is

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the placebo group and the wretch gold is

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the NAD cocktail if it goes down that's

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a good sign it means reversal of age

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unfortunately you don't see any

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statistical symbols indicating

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comparisons and if you read the paper

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there's no indication if this difference

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is statistically significant so while it

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seems like there's a difference we have

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no unbiased

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confirmation okay that was a lot of

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information so let me bore you with my

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stance taking all of this into

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consideration if we look at their

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intriguing and wellth thought out

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hypothesis it doesn't seem that they

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provided very convincing evidence across

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the board sure some enzymes were changed

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but considering that they used the wrong

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statistical tests they used a student T

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Test where they should have used an

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anova and the results were just barely

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significant I'm inclined to dismiss this

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data you may feel differently but I just

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don't like it for the statistical

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reasons in addition if you look at some

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of the supplemental data if you compare

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the placebo against the NAD condition

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the results really don't look so hot for

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the NAD condition which might be why

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they separated the data and only

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compared against Baseline within each

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condition and didn't compare between

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conditions then in regard to the

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biological age change

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I'm not sure if there's even an effect

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because of the lack of clarity on the

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statistics uh one positive is that they

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do seem to show a small benefit in

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reducing overall protein glycation and

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they did apply the right statistics this

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time so that data seems accurate even if

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the NAD supplement colors used

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throughout the study are well mustard

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hurl I'll have more to say on the

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inflammation effects in the extended

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version but up to now I'll say this I

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really like the idea and there may be

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still some Merit behind it I just think

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that the approach needs to be tweaked

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however this study leaves my stance

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unmoved in relation to NAD boosting it's

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likely just isn't worth your money

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except in the exceptions that I

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mentioned in my full investigation on

play12:47

the matter found right here

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[Music]

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a

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[Applause]

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NAD补充健康影响临床试验细胞老化生物标志物分子生物学抗老化生理学健康科学研究分析
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