Harlow's Studies on Dependency in Monkeys
Summary
TLDRThis script describes a psychological experiment observing baby monkeys' attachment to 'wire' and 'cloth' mothers. Despite being nursed by the wire mother, the babies showed a strong preference for the cloth mother for comfort. When frightened, they sought the cloth mother, indicating a deep emotional bond. The experiment also highlighted the importance of physical contact for a baby's sense of security and its impact on behavior, such as exploration and curiosity.
Takeaways
- 🐒 **Wire Mother Experiment**: The script describes an experiment involving a monkey raised with both a wire mother and a cloth mother.
- 🤔 **Preference for Cloth Mother**: Despite being weaned on a wire mother, the baby monkey prefers the cloth mother, indicating a preference for comfort.
- ❤️ **Importance of Contact Comfort**: Contact comfort is found to be of significant importance, overshadowing other variables including nursing.
- 👶 **Attachment as Love**: The script suggests that a baby's attachment to its mother can be considered a form of love, providing a sense of security.
- 😱 **Fear and Comfort**: When frightened, the baby monkey seeks out its mother for comfort, indicating a strong emotional bond.
- 🔬 **Experimental Apparatus**: The experiment uses an apparatus designed to frighten the monkey, simulating a stressful situation.
- 🏃 **Reaction to Fear**: The baby monkey's reaction to fear is to run to its mother, showing a natural instinct for seeking safety.
- 👾 **Diabolical Apparatus Effect**: The baby monkey's fear response to the 'diabolical' apparatus is used to study its emotional reactions.
- 🧠 **Change in Personality**: Contact with the mother changes the baby monkey's behavior, reducing fear and promoting exploration.
- 🌍 **New Environment Anxiety**: A new and strange environment can cause fear in baby monkeys, similar to human children.
- 🆚 **Comparison of Mothers**: The script contrasts the ineffectiveness of the wire mother in providing comfort with the positive impact of the cloth mother.
Q & A
What was the primary focus of the experiment with the monkeys?
-The experiment focused on understanding the importance of contact comfort in infant monkeys, particularly comparing the preference for a wire mother versus a cloth mother.
How much time did baby monkey 106 spend with the wire mother and the cloth mother daily?
-Baby monkey 106 spent less than one hour a day with the wire mother and the majority of the day, 21.7 hours, with the cloth mother.
What was the unexpected finding regarding the variable of contact comfort?
-The variable of contact comfort was found to be of such significant importance that it overshadowed all other variables, including nursing.
What did the researchers predict about the preference of the baby monkeys for the cloth mother?
-The researchers predicted that the baby monkeys would prefer the cloth mother due to creature comfort, similar to how a human baby would prefer a blanket.
How did the baby monkey react when frightened in the experiment?
-When frightened, the baby monkey ran to its mother for comfort, and upon contact, the fear disappeared and was replaced with a sense of security.
What apparatus was used to frighten the baby monkey during the experiment?
-The apparatus used to frighten the baby monkey included flashing eyes, loud sounds, and moving mechanical parts.
What was the purpose of the six-foot square room with toys and objects?
-The room was designed to create a new and strange environment for the baby monkeys to observe their reactions and behaviors when placed in unfamiliar surroundings.
How did the baby monkey behave when placed in the strange room without its mother?
-The baby monkey entered the room cautiously, appeared disturbed, and searched for comfort, indicating fear and unease.
What was the difference in behavior when the wire mother was placed in the room with the baby monkey?
-The wire mother, despite having nursed the baby monkey, did not help much and did not provide the comfort the baby monkey needed.
What happened when the cloth mother was placed in the room with the baby monkey?
-The baby monkey rubbed against the cloth mother, seeking contact comfort, which helped build up its reservoir of affection and security, leading to relaxation and exploration of the environment.
What does the experiment suggest about the nature of love in infant monkeys?
-The experiment suggests that love in infant monkeys is associated with the feeling of security and comfort provided by their mothers, rather than just the act of nursing.
Outlines
🐒 Attachment and Comfort in Monkeys
The script discusses an experiment involving a monkey raised with two 'mothers': a wire mother and a cloth mother. Baby 106 was weaned on the wire mother but spent significantly more time with the cloth mother, indicating a preference for comfort over nursing. The experiment aimed to measure the importance of contact comfort. The script suggests that the monkey's attachment to the cloth mother is akin to a baby's attachment to its human mother, seeking security and comfort. The experiment also includes a scenario where a baby monkey is frightened and runs to its mother for comfort, demonstrating the strength of the infant's love and attachment.
🔍 Exploration and Security in Infant Monkeys
This paragraph describes how a monkey raised with a wire mother, despite being nursed by it, did not find affection or security from the wire mother. The monkey's behavior contrasts with another monkey that was raised with a cloth mother, which seeks contact comfort and builds a reservoir of affection and security. This monkey's body language changes from fear to relaxation, and it积极探索新环境,indicating a positive response to the cloth mother's presence. The script suggests that the presence of a comforting mother figure allows the monkey to explore and investigate its surroundings, becoming a curious and happy infant.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Monkey
💡Wire Mother
💡Cloth Mother
💡Weaning
💡Contact Comfort
💡Experiment
💡Security
💡Affection
💡Diabolical Apparatus
💡Strange Environment
💡Exploration
Highlights
A monkey raised on a wire mother was observed for its behavior.
Baby monkey 106 was weaned on a wire mother and showed a preference for the cloth mother.
The baby monkey spent significantly more time with the cloth mother than the wire mother.
Contact comfort was found to be a variable of measurable importance.
The preference for cloth over wire was so strong it overshadowed other variables, including nursing.
The experiment suggested that a baby monkey seeks creature comfort similar to a human baby with its blanket.
The term 'love' in the context of a baby monkey's attachment to its mother was discussed.
Security and the disappearance of fear in the presence of the mother were key indicators of 'love'.
An experiment was conducted using an apparatus designed to frighten the monkey.
The baby monkey's reaction to fear was to seek contact with its mother.
Contact with the mother changed the baby monkey's personality, alleviating fear and promoting exploration.
The experiment showed the strength and impact of infant love.
A six-foot square room with toys was used to simulate a strange environment for the monkey.
Baby monkeys without their mothers displayed fear in the strange environment.
A wire mother failed to provide comfort to a baby monkey in a strange environment.
A cloth mother, despite not nursing, offered affection and security to the baby monkey.
Rubbing against the cloth mother built up the baby monkey's reservoir of affection and security.
The baby monkey, after contact with the cloth mother, explored and investigated the new environment confidently.
Transcripts
let me show you a monkey raised on a
nursing wire mother
now here are 106 --is two mothers as you
can see it was weaned on a wire mother
here's baby 106 Wow
he's going to the wire mother
Scott beat the live oh he's going back
he's back on the pot mother and he'll
stay on the clock but actually this baby
spends 217 day Pienaar today on the
clock mother
less than one hour a day on the wire
mother we had predicted that the
variable of contact comfort would be a
variable of measurable importance but we
were unprepared to find that it
completely overwhelmed and overshadowed
all other variables including those of
Nursing frankly doctor if it comes to a
choice between wire and cloth it's
reasonable to expect that any child will
go to the cloth that's a matter of
creature comfort like a baby with its
blanket but is this really love well
what do you mean by saying that a baby
loves its mother certainly one thing we
mean is that it gets a great feeling of
security in the presence of the mother
now mr. Collingwood wouldn't you say
that if you frightened a baby that it
went running to its mother who is
comforted and then all the fear
disappeared and was replaced by a
complete sense of security that that
baby loved its mother now in this
experiment
this is the apparatus we use that looks
diabolical that's just the way the baby
monkey feels about it flashing eyes loud
sound moving mechanical parts all of
these things are designed to frighten a
monkey now here we have a peaceful
resting baby
month let's find out what his reactions
to his mother are when we frighten him
[Applause]
similar situation he runs away it's more
than running away he was running to his
mother to touch her to drive away his
fear contact with the mother changes his
entire personality look now he's
actually threatening the diabolic all
right this gives us part of the picture
of the strength and infant of love this
is a six foot square room with a few
toys and other objects but to the monkey
it's much more menacing we know that
when our own children are taken to a
strange place without their mothers they
are often overwhelmed with fear this
room is just such a new and strange
environment for the baby monkeys no
mother is in there now let's put a
monkey into the room
[Music]
notice how cautiously he enters the room
he's searching for comfort but nothing
believes his disturbance now we'll take
the baby monkey out and put in a wire
mother now this one was nursed by a wire
mother that's right
all his life she doesn't seem to help
much now we'll try the same test with a
clap mother in the room you see the
contrast in the behavior despite the
fact that the wire mother nursed him she
could offer this infant nothing in the
way of affection or security
but here's a monkey by rubbing against
the poor father as if he were seeking as
much contact comfort as he could get
builds up his reservoir of affection and
security first his body relaxes as the
fear disappears but above and beyond
this new positive response patterns
appear he now goes out to explore and
investigate this new strange world he is
now a normal happy curious baby
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