A Human Karyotype Preparation Animation

Homework Clinic
8 Dec 202101:14

Summary

TLDRThe video script describes the process of creating a karyotype, starting with blood collection and cell analysis. Blood cells are grown in a medium that stimulates mitosis, and colchicine is added to stop division at metaphase. After centrifuging and treating with a hypotonic solution, cells are prepared and observed under a microscope. Chromosomes are photographed, enlarged, and cut out. They are then arranged by homologous pairs, creating a karyotype diagram, which is used to study chromosomes, such as in identifying a normal male's karyotype.

Takeaways

  • 🩸 Blood is collected from the person to be analyzed.
  • 🧫 The blood is added to a growth medium containing a chemical that stimulates mitosis.
  • ⏳ Cells are allowed to grow for two to three days at body temperature.
  • 🔬 Colchicine is added to arrest cell division at metaphase.
  • 🧪 Arrested cells are transferred to a centrifuge tube for concentration.
  • 🔄 Centrifugation causes the cells to concentrate at the bottom of the tube.
  • 💧 A hypotonic salt solution is added, causing the cells to swell and spread apart.
  • 🔍 The cells are prepared, fixed, and placed on a microscope slide for observation.
  • 📸 A cell's chromosomes are photographed, enlarged, and individual chromosomes are cut out.
  • 📊 Chromosome images are aligned by homologous pairs to produce a karyotype of a normal male.

Q & A

  • What is the first step in preparing a karyotype from a blood sample?

    -The first step is collecting blood from the person being analyzed and adding it to a growth medium that contains a chemical to stimulate mitosis.

  • Why is a chemical that stimulates mitosis added to the blood sample?

    -The chemical stimulates mitosis so that the cells will begin dividing, making it easier to capture them at the metaphase stage, where chromosomes are most visible.

  • For how long are the cells allowed to grow in the medium, and at what temperature?

    -The cells are allowed to grow for two or three days at body temperature.

  • What role does colchicine play in this process?

    -Colchicine is added to arrest cell division at metaphase, the stage where chromosomes are most condensed and easily visible.

  • What is the purpose of centrifugation in this procedure?

    -Centrifugation concentrates the cells at the bottom of the tube, making it easier to separate and work with them.

  • How does the addition of a hypotonic salt solution affect the cells?

    -The hypotonic salt solution causes the cells to swell and move apart, making their chromosomes more distinguishable.

  • What is done to the cells after they are prepared and fixed?

    -The prepared and fixed cells are placed on a microscope slide for observation.

  • How are the chromosomes analyzed under the microscope?

    -A photograph of the cell’s chromosomes is taken under the microscope, and the part of the photo showing the chromosomes is enlarged. Images of individual chromosomes are then cut out.

  • How are the chromosomes arranged to create a karyotype?

    -The images of the chromosomes are arranged so that all pairs of homologous chromosomes are aligned horizontally by their centromeres, resulting in a karyotype diagram.

  • What is the final result of this process in the provided script?

    -The final result is a karyotype diagram of the arrested metaphase chromosomes, indicating the karyotype of a normal male.

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関連タグ
Karyotype AnalysisCell DivisionChromosomesBlood TestingGeneticsLaboratory ProcessMitosisMicroscopyCentrifugationMedical Science
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