Internal Spinal Cord (Gray Matter, White Matter, Funiculus) - Anatomy
Summary
TLDRIn this educational video, the host delves into the anatomy of the Central Nervous System, focusing on the internal structure of the Spinal Cord. The discussion covers the distribution of grey and white matter, detailing the functions of key nuclei within the grey matter and the tracts within the white matter. The video explains the roles of these components in processing sensory information and initiating motor responses, distinguishing between conscious and unconscious pathways. It also touches on the significance of the spinal cord's sympathetic and parasympathetic segments. A quiz is provided at the end to test viewers' understanding.
Takeaways
- 🧠 The Central Nervous System (CNS) is composed of the encephalon and the spinal cord.
- 🔎 The internal surface of the spinal cord is divided into grey and white matter, with the grey matter containing cell bodies and dendrites, and the white matter containing myelinated axons and glial cells.
- 🏓 The grey matter is structured into three horns: anterior, posterior, and lateral horns, each with specific functions related to motor and sensory activities.
- 🧪 The central canal within the spinal cord is filled with cerebrospinal fluid and lined by ependymal cells.
- 🌐 The anterior horn primarily contains motor nuclei, whose axons form the motor root of the spinal nerve.
- 🔍 The posterior horn is associated with sensory information, housing several nuclei that process different types of sensory data.
- 🔄 The intermediate zone contains nuclei that are involved in proprioception and are situated between the anterior and posterior horns.
- 📏 The lateral horn, present in specific spinal cord segments, contains nuclei related to the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
- 🧵 The white matter is divided into three funiculi (posterior, lateral, and anterior), each containing different tracts responsible for ascending and descending signals.
- 🔺 Ascending tracts in the spinal cord convey sensory information to the brain, while descending tracts transmit motor commands from the brain to the body.
Q & A
What are the two main parts of the Central Nervous System?
-The Central Nervous System consists of the encephalon and the spinal cord.
What is the difference between grey matter and white matter in the spinal cord?
-Grey matter consists of nerve tissue rich in nerve cell bodies and dendrites, while white matter consists of nerve tissue rich in myelinated axons and glial cells.
Why are myelinated axons in the white matter considered white?
-Myelinated axons are white because they are rich in lipids, which are white in color.
What are the three horns of the grey matter in the spinal cord?
-The grey matter consists of an anterior horn, a posterior horn, and a lateral horn.
What is the function of the anterior horn in the spinal cord?
-The anterior horn primarily consists of motor nuclei whose axons leave the spinal cord as the motor root of the spinal nerve.
What type of sensory information is processed in the posterior horn of the spinal cord?
-The posterior horn is associated with receiving sensory information, including pain, touch, and temperature.
What is the function of the central canal in the spinal cord?
-The central canal is filled with cerebrospinal fluid and is lined by ependymal cells, serving as a pathway for the fluid within the spinal cord.
How are the tracts within the white matter of the spinal cord organized?
-The tracts are organized into ascending (afferent) and descending (efferent) tracts, which further divide into conscious and unconscious sensory information tracts, and involuntary and voluntary movement tracts.
What are the two types of sensory information carried by the ascending tracts in the spinal cord?
-The ascending tracts carry both conscious sensory information, which goes to the cortex of the cerebrum, and unconscious sensory information, which goes to the cerebellum.
What is the role of the corticospinal tracts in the spinal cord?
-The corticospinal tracts, which include the anterior and lateral corticospinal tracts, are responsible for voluntary movements and originate from the pyramidal cells of the primary motor cortex.
Outlines
🧠 Introduction to the Central Nervous System
The video script introduces the anatomy of the Central Nervous System (CNS), focusing on the internal structure of the spinal cord. It outlines the CNS's two main parts, the encephalon and the spinal cord, and emphasizes the importance of understanding the spinal cord's internal surface, including the distribution of grey and white matter. The grey matter, rich in nerve cell bodies and dendrites, is contrasted with the white matter, rich in myelinated axons and glial cells. The script also mentions a quiz at the end of the video to test the viewer's understanding, and it references a previous video that covered the external structures of the spinal cord.
🌐 Detailed Anatomy of the Spinal Cord's Grey Matter
This section delves into the anatomy of the spinal cord's grey matter, which is divided into three horns: anterior, posterior, and lateral. The anterior horn contains motor nuclei, while the posterior horn is associated with sensory information processing. The lateral horn, found between specific spinal segments, is involved with sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers. The intermediate column and central zone are also described, with the central canal filled with cerebrospinal fluid. The grey matter contains various nuclei, including the marginal nucleus, the gelatinous substance, the nucleus proprius, and the posterior thoracic nucleus, each with specific roles in processing sensory information.
🔄 Functions of the Spinal Cord's White Matter
The white matter of the spinal cord is composed of myelinated axons and is divided into the posterior, lateral, and anterior funiculi. The script explains the general arrangement of nerve fibers within the white matter, which can be ascending (afferent) or descending (efferent) tracts. Ascending tracts are further divided into those carrying unconscious sensory information to the cerebellum and those carrying conscious sensory information to the cerebral cortex. Descending tracts are categorized into voluntary movements, which originate from the primary motor cortex, and involuntary movements, which originate from other parts of the brain.
🚶♂️ Sensory and Motor Tracts in the Spinal Cord
This part of the script describes the specific sensory and motor tracts within the spinal cord. The posterior funiculus contains the fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus, which are responsible for conscious proprioception and mechanoreception from the lower and upper body, respectively. The lateral and anterior funiculi house the spinocerebellar tracts, which provide unconscious proprioception to the cerebellum. The spinothalamic tracts in these funiculi are responsible for conscious sensations of pain, temperature, pressure, and touch. The script also covers motor tracts, including the corticospinal tracts, which are involved in voluntary movements, and extrapyramidal tracts like the rubrospinal, tectospinal, and olivospinal tracts, which support balance, posture, and coordination.
🔚 Review and Anticipation of Upcoming Content
The final section of the script reviews the nuclei and tracts discussed in the video and challenges the viewer to recall the names and functions of these structures without visual aids. It also provides a table summarizing the information for both the grey and white matter of the spinal cord. The script concludes with a call to action for viewers to engage with the video and an announcement of the next topic, which will be the medulla oblongata.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Central Nervous System (CNS)
💡Spinal Cord
💡Grey Matter
💡White Matter
💡Nuclei
💡Tracts
💡Axons
💡Spinal Nerves
💡Reflex Arcs
💡Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
💡Ependymal Cells
Highlights
Introduction to the anatomy of the Central Nervous System, focusing on the internal surface of the Spinal Cord.
Explanation of the distribution of white and grey matter within the Spinal Cord.
Description of grey matter composition, including nerve cell bodies and dendrites.
Discussion on why myelinated axons in white matter appear white due to their lipid content.
Identification of the three horns within the grey matter: anterior, posterior, and lateral horns.
Function of the anterior horn, primarily consisting of motor nuclei.
Role of the posterior horn in receiving sensory information and its associated nuclei.
Explanation of the intermediate zone and its nuclei related to proprioception.
Mention of the lateral horn and its association with sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers.
Description of the central zone and the central canal filled with cerebrospinal fluid.
Importance of the spinal reticular formation in regulating basic life functions.
Division of white matter into three funiculi: posterior, lateral, and anterior.
General arrangement of nerve fibers into ascending and descending tracts within the white matter.
Differentiation between conscious and unconscious sensory information in ascending tracts.
Description of the corticospinal tracts as part of voluntary movement control.
Role of extrapyramidal tracts in involuntary movements and posture.
Identification of specific sensory tracts in the posterior funiculus: Fasciculus Gracilis and Fasciculus Cuneatus.
Function of spinocerebellar tracts in providing unconscious proprioception.
Importance of spinothalamic tracts in conveying conscious sensations of pain, temperature, pressure, and touch.
Overview of the vestibulospinal tract's role in balance and posture.
Introduction to the reticulospinal tracts and their contribution to motor control.
Conclusion and summary of the Spinal Cord's grey and white matter anatomy.
Transcripts
What’s up. Meditay Here.
Let’s talk about the anatomy of the Central Nervous System.
In this segment, we will be talking about the Internal surface of the Spinal Cord. Basically go through
everything you need to know regarding the anatomy of the tracts and nuclei within the spinal Cord.
Alright, so the Central Nervous System consists of two parts. The encephalon and the spinal Cord
So in this is video, we’re first going to go through the internal surface of the Spinal Cord
and talk about the distribution of white and grey matter within it. Then we’ll look detailed into
the anatomy of the grey matter and the anatomy of the white matter. Then at the end of this video,
I’ve made a quiz which you’ll hopefully be able to pass based on this video.
In our previous video, we looked at the Topography and the external structures of the Spinal Cord,
as well as the anatomy of the spinal nerve and the two types of reflex arches we have
through the spinal Cord. So if this is the first time you’re studying the spinal Cord,
I recommend you to watch that first because this video will make much more sense with you knowing
the external surface of the Spinal Cord. Alright. We can start by taking a small
segment of the spinal Cord, and look at its internal surface. It’ll look like this.
The internal surface of the Spinal Cord consists of grey matter and white matter. The reason why
they’re called grey and white matter is because if you look at a neuron. A neuron is colorless in
general. And we know that because if you cut the spinal Cord physically and look at it underneath
the microscope without any significant staining, you’ll see that the neurons are grey. So the grey
matter consists of nerve tissue rich in nerve cell bodies and dendrites. White matter consists
of nerve tissue rich in myelinated axons and glial cells, as you see here. And the reason why
myelinated axons are white is because they’re rich in lipid, and lipids are white. And keep
this in mind throughout this video because you’ll notice as we go through the structures in the grey
matter, we’ll be talking about nuclei or nucleus because cell bodies are in the grey matter.
When we’re talking about the white matter, we have structures called tracts, which are axons.
So let’s start with the grey matter first. The grey matter consists of three horns. We
have an anterior horn and a posterior horn, or conu anterius and conu posterius. And where is
the last horn? The last horn is located in the spinal segments associated with the sympathetic
and the parasympathetic fibers, between the C8 and L2, and S2 and S4 spinal cord segments.
So if you cut the spinal Cord within those areas, you’ll see that we have an anterior horn,
a posterior horn, and a lateral horn that give off either sympathetic fibers
or parasympathetic fibers. So this segment is from an area outside of the sympathetic or
parasympathetic segments. --
Between the anterior and posterior horn, there’s the Intermediate column. Then in the middle,
there’s the Central Zone, with the central canal in the middle. The central canal is filled with
cerebrospinal fluid, which is the same fluid as in the subarachnoid space. Around the central canal,
there are cells called ependymal cells, forming a central gelatinous substance of the Spinal Cord,
which is the same lining as the rest of the ventricles in the spinal Cord.
So now I wanna focus on each of these zones, basically go through the most
important nuclei you’ll find, and we’ll start with the Anterior horn.
So the anterior horn is pretty easy as it primarily consists of motor nuclei.
Their axons leave the spinal Cord as the motor root of the spinal nerve.
So that’s mostly it for the anterior horn. The posterior horn is associated with receiving
sensory information. You’ll notice that it consists of several nuclei responsible for
certain types of sensory information. So the first one is the marginal nucleus consisting
of interneurons triggered by any sensory neuron coming into the spinal Cord. Then there’s the
gelatinous substance, which also consists of interneurons that modulate sensory input
Then there’s the Nucleus Proprius, which consists of neurons that modulate sensory input like pain,
touch, and temperature. They take the information and send them upwards to the higher senses
After that, we have the posterior thoracic nucleus, which receives unconscious proprioceptive
movement. Basically giving information about the position and posture of the body.
So that was the posterior horn. Now let’s do the intermediate zone. And the first
nucleus here is the intermediomedial nucleus since it’s located medially within the grey matter.
This nucleus has more or less the same function as the posterior thoracic nucleus,
which is unconscious proprioception. And some sources consider the posterior thoracic nucleus
as a part of the intermediate zone, not a part of the posterior horn,
so keep that in mind. But there are two more nuclei within the intermediate zone,
and they’re located within the lateral horn. Remember we mentioned this earlier?
So in the lateral horn, we’ll find two different nuclei depending on where we are within the spinal
Cord. If we’re between spinal segments C8 through L2, then we have the IntermedioLateral nucleus,
which consists of sympathetic fibers for the fight or flight response. They will send their
fibers together with the motor fibers down through the anterior root of the spinal nerve.
If we’re looking at a segment between S2 and S4, we will see the Sacral Parasympathetic nuclei,
which also send their fibers through the anterior root of the spinal nerve,
responsible for the rest and digest state of the person.
So the intermediate column consists of the Intermediomedial nucleus, Intermediolateral
nucleus, Sacral parasympathetic nucleus, and the posterior thoracic nucleus if your sources say so.
Alright, so now we’ve covered the majority of nuclei within all three zones of the grey matter.
Along the outer part of the grey matter, you’ll find a very thin layer of white matter called
fasciculi proprii, which are fibers that connect adjacent parts of the grey matter
together or adjacent segments because you can also divide the grey matter into segments.
Another thing you’ll find is grey matter that is pressed into the white matter called
spinal reticular formation, or Formatio retucularis spinalis, which continues
upwards into the brainstem. It consists of neurons that make a communicative network for
activating certain sensory information for basic living. So it regulates respiration, heartbeat,
blood pressure, and all of those things. Here’s maybe a better representation of the
spinal reticular formation, and again it goes upwards into the brainstem.
So that was all for the grey matter of the Spinal Cord, now let’s do the white matter.
The white matter of the Spinal Cord, remember its nerve tissue rich in myelinated axons,
so we’re not talking about nucleus anymore. We’re talking about tracts or bundles of fibers.
And the white matter is divided into three portions because you’ll find connective
tissue separating these three portions. We have the Posterior Funiculus, the Lateral funiculus
and the Anterior funiculus. So again, these funiculi are bundles of fibers that are
surrounded by connective tissue. Now before we go detailed into each of these funiculi.
I wanna spend a little bit of time explaining the general arrangement of fibers
within the white matter. And by understanding that, the tracts will get much more logical.
Alright, so nerve fibers are arranged in bundles or tracts, right?
So here are many neurons. There are connective tissue around all of those neurons,
and that was what we call a tract. And there are three .. um.. directions these tracts can go.
They can either go upwards, as ascending tracts,
or afferent tracts, remember a stands for arrive, so these tracts arrive to the brain,
but they can also descend, go down as descending tracts, or efferent tracts e stands for exit.
So the asceding tracts receive sensory information from anywhere in the body,
and send them up to your higher senses to make sense out of them. And then once you’ve done that,
you’d wanna react to the sensory information, or you just wanna move a muscle in general,
so you activate the descending tracts. So you accidentally put your hand above
something hot, sensory information is sent up, and then you react by descending tracts
activating muscles to remove your hand. And again, all of that happens through funiculi, which
means long ropes, found within the posterior, lateral, and anterior parts of the Spinal Cord.
The ascending and descending tracts can further be divided into two parts.
The ascending tracts are generally divided into unconscious and conscious sensory information.
Now, what is the difference? Well, everything that goes to the cortex of your cerebrum
is considered conscious. Unconscious sensory input goes to the cerebellum. The cerebellum is
an organ responsible for balance and posture, so the unconscious ascending tract relays unconscious
proprioceptive sensation. You’ll see this word a lot as you study the tracts of the central nervous
system. So it’s important that you have a general knowledge about it. Unconscious proprioception is
responsible for posture, meaning sensory fibers from muscles are all the time sent
to the cerebellum so that it can activating the necessary muscles to keep your posture,
as well as activating muscles that support your joints and the natural position of your limbs,
so information about joint stability is considered unconscious proprioception as well.
But there is one more thing. Imagine you’re outside, walking and minding your own business.
All of a sudden, YOU SEE A CAR DRIVING TOWARDS YOU AND BREAKS RIGHT IN FRONT OF YOU.
Your initial response is tensing your muscles, a process called feedforward control.
Your muscles tenses due to something in the external environment. And in the majority of
times, you’re not in control of it, and we consider this as unconscious proprioception
as well. They’re unconscious because they go to the cerebellum, which is this organ right here.
In our spinal Cord, we have tracts called the anterior spinocerebellar tract and the
lateral spinocerebellar tract. They end with the word cerebellar, so they go to the cerebellum.
Conscious sensory information relays conscious proprioception, like kinesia, which is conscious
muscle movement. The conscious joint position is considered a part of this system, as well as
a sense of force. Meaning as your standing, you consciously know that there’s a force
acting against you, which is the floor against your feet. The conscious sensory information
is also responsible for sensing certain things, like touch, and pain and pressure and temperature.
Examples of conscious ascending tracts are the anterior and lateral spinothalamic tracts,
the cuneate, and the gracilis fascicle, which send their information to the cortex of the cerebrum.
So that is the ascending tracts, but we also divide the descending tracts into two parts.
We divide it into Involuntary movements and voluntary movements.
So one of the important parts of our cerebral cortex is the primary motor cortex. If we look
at it underneath the microscope, you’ll find that it consists of pyramidal cells.
They’re pyramidal because they literally look like pyramids. So when you decided you
wanted to click on this video or search for the internal surface of the Spinal Cord on youtube,
you activated the pyramidal cells to give the command to your muscles.
All the tracts that come from the pyramidal cells are called voluntary movements. And
they help you make fine conscious movements like when you’re writing with a pen. These movements
are so precise that they make your handwriting look good. These tracts usually start with the
name Cortico- Like the anterior corticospinal tract and the lateral corticospinal tract.
When motor fibers doesn’t come from the pyramidal cells,
they’re called extrapyramidal tracts meaning these tracts originate from other parts of your brain
instead of the primary motor cortex So these movements are movements you
don’t really think about, like keeping your balance and posture when you’re walking, as
well as rough movements or coarse movements. These tracts doesn’t come from the primary motor cortex,
so they have other names like rubrospinal tract, tectospinal tract and olivospinal tracts.
So I hope this made a little sense to you all because once you’ve visualized this part.
The next part of this video will be much easier to understand.
So let’s now start by talking about the tracts within each of these funiculi,
and we’ll start with the posterior one. Ok, so in this diagram, I’ve made the blue
colors represent sensory fibers and the red ones representing motor fibers. The
posterior funiculus has two sensory tracts. The first one is called Fasciculus Gracilis.
This tract will conduct impulses from the lower part of the trunk and the lower limbs,
so it’s present in all the segments of the Spinal Cord, and it takes the information to the cortex.
And since it brings info to the cortex, then remember its function is conscious sensation.
In this case, it’s responsible for the epicritic sensibility of the lower parts of the body.
Epicritic sensibility means Conscious proprioception, which remember is Kinesia,
joint position, and sense of force. But epicritic sensibility also means receiving
info from the mechanoreceptors. Now, what does that mean? It senses two-point discrimination,
so the minimal distance between two touchpoints, until you actually sense
that there are two objects touching you, that is the two points discrimination. Mechanoreceptors
also sense vibration and touch. So all of those things are what we call epicritic sensibility.
The other ascending tract of the posterior funiculus is the Fasciculus Cuneatus, which brings
sensory information from the upper body and sends it to the cortex. So it does exactly the same as
Fasciculus Gracilis, just for the upper body. And since this tract si only for the upper body,
you’ll find this tract only above the thoracic spinal segment number 6. So that was all of the
posterior funiculus. Fasciculus Gracilis for lower limb and Fasciclus Cuneatus for Upper limb. I use
the letter G in Gracilis as Genitals to remember that gracilis is for the lower part of the body
Next, Let’s do the Lateral and the anterior funiculus together because you’ll find tracts
that do the same but are present on both the lateral and the anterior funiculus.
Just remember that they’re divided by connective tissue. These two funiculi are
divided by connective tissue, and we’ll represent the connective tissue using these two brown lines.
The first tracts are ascending tracts located on the lateral funiculus,
called the SpinoCerebellar tracts. We have two, there’s the anterior spinocerebellar tract
and the posterior spinocerebellar tract. Before ascending up,
the posterior spinocerebellar tract receives sensory input from the posterior thoracic nucleus,
and the anterior spinocerebellar tract receives sensory input from the intermediomedial nucleus.
They then ascend to the cerebellum because they both end with the word cerebellum. And remember,
if something ascends to the cerebellum and not the cerebral cortex. Then they provide unconscious
proprioception, which later will provide unconscious contraction of muscles for posture,
joint stability, and the feedforward control system. So that is the spinocerebellar tract.
Next, we have the spinothalamic tracts,
and there are two spinothalamic tracts in our spinal Cord. There’s the anterior spinothalamic
tract in the anterior funiculus and a lateral spinothalamic tract in the lateral funiculus.
These two tracts are formed by axons coming from the nucleus proprius, and then they ascend to the
cortex. And since they go to the cortex, they are responsible for the conscious sensation of
pain, temperature, pressure, and touch. So that was all the sensory tracts of the Spinal Cord.
Now let’s do the motor tracts or the descending tracts.
This includes the corticospinal tracts. We have two corticospinal tracts.
There’s the Anterior corticospinal tract in the anterior funiculus and the lateral
corticospinal tracts in the lateral funiculus These tracts start with the name ‘’Cortico’’,
meaning they come from the pyramidal cells of the primary motor cortex.
So they are pyramidal tracts. Now the Lateral and Anterior corticospinal
tracts descend differently, but they both synapse with the motor nuclei to stimulate the motor
fibers in the anterior root of the spinal nerve. Alright. So the Lateral Corticospinal tract
starts off at the cortex and then descend, but they decussate at the medulla oblongata,
meaning they cross to the other side as you see here at the medulla oblongata, and form
the decussation of pyramids, and then they descend further as the lateral corticospinal tract in the
spinal Cord and synapse with the motor nuclei. The Anterior corticospinal tract is a little bit
different in that they descend without crossing. Instead, they cross at each
segment they’re going to leave from. So in this example, if they’re gonna leave at this segment,
they cross to the other side and synapse with the motor nuclei. And since they come from
the cortex, they’re responsible for conscious movement. So that’s the corticospinal tracts
Next, we have the Rubrospinal tract. Rubro means red, and the reason why they’re called rubrospinal
tract Is because we have red nuclei located inside the midbrain of the brainstem. So these
fibers are extrapyramidal fibers because they originate from the red nucleus of the midbrain
and go down as rubrospinal tract. And remember, extrapyramidal tracts are responsible for fine
coordination of movements and support voluntary movements. They make our voluntary movements more
precise. SO that is the rubrospinal tract. The next tract is the tectospinal tract,
located in the anterior funiculus. It transmits motor impulses for the eyes and neck muscles
meaning they coordinate the eyes and the neck muscles when you look
at something. I’ve animated this very badly, but imagine you’re looking at a hamburger, you look at
it, and you keep looking at it as it passes you, and your neck muscles follow your eyes. That’s
what this tectospinal tract is responsible for. It’s called tectospinal tract because it comes
from the tectum of the midbrain, it’s located on the posterior surface of he midbrain,
which is on your brainstem, and then descend down and synapse with the motor nuclei.
It’s extrapyramidal, so it unconsciously moved your neck muscles with your eyes.
Next is the vestibulospinal tract. Inside of your ear, the inner ear, you have a system called the
vestibular system. The vestibular system has crystals within it sensing the position of your
head, whether your head is tilted upside down or to the side, all of that is sensed and through
nerves, it’s sent to the brainstem, and then down to your spinal Cord to keep your balance
and posture. So the vestibulospinal tract is responsible for keeping your balance and posture.
So if you’re running and trip on a rock and you’re about to fall, your vestibular system, along with
other systems, will quickly react to that and quickly activate the necessary muscles in order
for you to keep your balance. And this happens involuntarily because this tract doesn’t come
from your cortex. It comes from your brainstem. So that is the Vestibulospinal tract. Next,
we have the olivospinal tract. The olivospinal tract is also responsible for balance and posture.
Inside of your medulla oblongata, there are olivary nuclei that send out fibers
to the spinal Cord as the olivospinal tract, which also synapse with the motor nuclei. Keep
that in mind all motor tracts will synapse with the motor nuclei of the grey mater.
Then we have the Reticulospinal Tract. We have a lateral Reticulospinal tract
and a medial reticulospinal tract which are also a part fo the balance and posture system.
They come from the reticular formation inside the brainstem
and also from the reticular formation of the Spinal Cord, remember we talked about
that earlier? Just to remind you again. The Reticular system are responsible for Sleep,
alertness, cardiovascular control, breathing and all of those vital things. But they’re also
responsible for motor control like your balance and posture, through the reticulospinal tract.
So that is all of these. Then lastly there’s the medial longitudinal fascicle, located in the
anterior fasciculus only in the cervical segments, which coordinates involuntary movements of the
head neck and eyes through synapses between the cranial nerves. And then they’re going to
synapse with the motor nuclei of the grey matter as well. So that was all I had for the grey and
the white matter of the spinal cord. So I made this table for the nuclei in the grey matter
And this is where this video gets scary, I am going to make
all of the names disappear. Now can you, from the beginning, tell me what is the name of number 1,
what is the name of number 2, and so on. And here is one for the white matter as well.
You can pause the video if you want and have a look, and then here is an empty table for you
to fill. So that was everything I had for the anatomy of the Spinal Cord. If you found this
video helpful, please put a like, comment, share, whatever you find convenient to you.
The next video is going to be about the Medulla Oblongata.
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