PPG 1.4 Types and Forms of Government

Summary

This video discusses various types and forms of government, focusing on monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy. It explains the differences between constitutional and absolute monarchies, the role of aristocracies, and the evolution of democratic systems. The video also explores different forms of democratic governments, such as presidential, parliamentary, and hybrid systems, with examples from countries like the Philippines, Australia, and France. Additionally, the video highlights federal systems, such as the United States, and their unique distribution of power between the federal government and individual states.

Takeaways

• 🗺️ The video covers types and forms of government used around the world, evolving through history to impact societal development.
• 👑 Monarchy is a government ruled by a single person, with various terms for monarchs such as king, queen, sultan, and more.
• 📜 Constitutional monarchy limits the monarch's power with a constitution, sharing governance with an organized government (e.g., the UK, Japan, Morocco).
• 🤴 Absolute monarchy gives the monarch complete control over political, economic, and social authority, as exemplified by Louis XIV of France.
• 👑 Aristocracy is a government ruled by a small, elite group, often of nobility or the political elite, as seen in ancient Sparta and medieval Europe.
• ⚖️ Democracy follows the rule of the people, with two main types: direct democracy (like ancient Athens) and representative democracy (starting with the Romans).
• 🇵🇭 The Philippines practices a presidential form of government with three branches: executive, legislative, and judiciary, and a bicameral legislature.
• 🇦🇺 Australia follows a parliamentary system where the executive and legislative branches are closely linked, with the prime minister leading the government.
• 🇫🇷 France uses a presidential-parliamentary system, where the president and prime minister share governing roles with specific powers.
• 🇺🇸 The federal system divides power between a federal government and individual states, as seen in the United States, where each state has distinct laws.

Q & A

What are the three major types of government according to classical arrangement?

The three major types of government according to classical arrangement are monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy.

What is a monarchy, and what are the different titles used for monarchs in various nations?

A monarchy is a form of government ruled by a single person, known as the monarch. Different titles for monarchs in various nations include king, queen, sultan, prince, czar, and emperor.

How does a constitutional monarchy differ from an absolute monarchy?

In a constitutional monarchy, the power and authority to govern are shared between the monarch and an organized government, limited by a constitution. In an absolute monarchy, the monarch has complete control over political power, economics, and all forms of authority.

What is an aristocracy, and how does it differ from democracy?

An aristocracy is a type of government ruled by a small group of people, typically from the political and social elite. In contrast, democracy follows the rule of the people, where power is more widely distributed among the population.

What are the two types of democracy, and how do they differ?

The two types of democracy are direct democracy and representative (or republican) democracy. In direct democracy, people directly participate in government activities, whereas in representative democracy, citizens elect representatives to govern on their behalf.

What is the presidential system of government, and how is power divided in this system?

In a presidential system of government, power is divided equally among three branches: the executive, legislative, and judiciary. The president serves as the head of the executive branch, and legislatures may be either unicameral or bicameral.

How does a parliamentary system function, and who leads the government in this system?

In a parliamentary system, the executive and legislative branches are closely related. The government is led by a prime minister, appointed by the coalition parties with the greatest representation in the legislature. Minority parties serve as opposition.

What is a presidential-parliamentary system, and how does it combine elements of both systems?

A presidential-parliamentary system is a hybrid of the presidential and parliamentary systems. It features both an elected president and a prime minister, who is chosen from the ranks of legislators in the parliament. The prime minister must maintain majority support in the legislature.

What is a federal system of government, and how is power divided in such a system?

A federal system is a federation of individual states, each with its own democratic government. Power is clearly divided between the federal government and the member states. For example, in the United States, there are federal laws as well as state laws, which can vary between states.

What happens in a federal system if a crime is committed in one state and the criminal flees to another state?

In a federal system, if a crime is committed in one state and the criminal flees to another, the state where the crime was committed must coordinate with the state the criminal fled to in order to extradite the criminal back for prosecution.