RESEARCH
Summary
TLDRThis video delves into the concept of research, tracing its origins and defining it as a systematic pursuit of knowledge. It outlines the characteristics of research, including problem identification, literature review, data collection, analysis, and drawing conclusions. The script explores various research designs like basic, applied, experimental, and non-experimental, emphasizing their unique approaches and applications. It also distinguishes between quantitative and qualitative research, and introduces mixed methods research, providing a comprehensive view of the research landscape.
Takeaways
- 🔍 Research is a systematic effort to gain new knowledge, often involving a process of repeated searching and investigation.
- 🔎 The purpose of research is not only to discover new information but also to validate or modify existing knowledge.
- 🧩 Problem identification is a crucial first step in research, requiring awareness and investigation of social issues or concepts worth studying.
- 📚 Reviewing literature and previous studies is essential to build upon existing knowledge and strengthen the foundation of new research.
- 📊 Data collection and analysis are systematic processes that involve gathering information and applying statistical or logical techniques to find answers to research questions.
- 📝 Drawing conclusions in research involves careful review of evidence and making judgments that are valid and withstand scrutiny.
- 🔬 Basic research focuses on advancing knowledge rather than solving a specific problem, aiming to understand subjects, phenomena, or natural laws.
- 🛠️ Applied research uses empirical evidence to enhance practice and solve practical problems, unlike basic research which supports theories.
- 🧪 Experimental research investigates cause-effect relationships by manipulating independent variables and measuring their impact on dependent variables.
- 📊 Through experimental design is a precise method involving random assignment of subjects to control and experimental groups, allowing for the isolation of variables.
- 🔍 Quasi-experimental design resembles true experimental design but does not meet all criteria, often due to non-random assignment of participants.
- 📝 Non-experimental design does not use treatments or control groups and focuses on data gathered from tests, surveys, and interviews.
- 📊 Descriptive research aims to describe a population or phenomenon by answering 'how,' 'what,' 'when,' and 'where' questions, rather than 'why.'
- 🔗 Correlational design is a non-experimental approach that observes two variables to establish a statistical relationship between them.
- 📚 Causal comparative design observes effects and then looks for causes, in contrast to experimental designs that isolate causes to examine effects.
- 📈 Longitudinal design involves non-experimental research conducted over an extended period, often used in medical, psychological, and sociological studies.
- 🔢 Quantitative research is based on the measurement of quantities and is applicable to phenomena that can be expressed in terms of quantity.
- 📜 Qualitative research focuses on phenomena related to quality or kind, using tools like interviews and questionnaires to gather data.
- 🧬 Mixed research method combines quantitative and qualitative research approaches, integrating data collection and analysis from both types.
Q & A
What is the origin of the word 'research'?
-The word 'research' originates from the Old French word 'rechercher', which means to search and search again, implying a repeated search for something.
What is the definition of research according to Redman and Mori?
-Redman and Mori define research as a systematized effort to gain new knowledge.
Why is problem identification important in research?
-Problem identification is important because it involves the awareness of a prevalent social problem or phenomenon that is worth studying and requires investigation to understand it.
What is the purpose of reviewing literature in research?
-Reviewing literature is to gather information from existing published research that is relevant to the study, which enhances or strengthens the research by building upon previous findings.
How does data analysis function in research?
-Data analysis involves systematically applying statistical and/or logical techniques to describe, illustrate, condense, record, and evaluate data, which is crucial for making the research valid.
What is the primary aim of basic research?
-The primary aim of basic research, also known as pure or fundamental research, is to gain a better understanding of a subject, phenomenon, or basic law of nature, focusing on the advancement of knowledge rather than solving a specific problem.
How does applied research differ from basic research?
-Applied research differs from basic research in that it uses empirical evidence to enhance practice and solve practical problems, while basic research uses evidence to support theories.
What is the main goal of experimental research?
-The main goal of experimental research is to investigate cause-effect relationships between variables under controlled conditions.
What are the key elements of a true experimental design?
-The key elements of a true experimental design include a control group, a variable that can be manipulated by the researcher, and random distribution of subjects.
What is the difference between experimental and quasi-experimental designs?
-The difference lies in the presence of all criteria necessary for experimental designs. Quasi-experimental designs resemble true experimental designs but do not meet all the strict criteria, often due to non-random assignment of participants.
What is the focus of non-experimental designs?
-Non-experimental designs focus on data resources obtained from tests, surveys, and interviews rather than data obtained by designing experiments and analyzing results.
What are the characteristics of descriptive research?
-Descriptive research describes a population, situation, or phenomenon and focuses on answering 'how', 'what', 'when', and 'where' questions, rather than 'why', to gain a proper understanding of the research problem.
What is the purpose of correlational research?
-The purpose of correlational research is to identify variables that have a statistical relationship to the extent that a change in one variable creates some change in the other.
How does causal comparative design differ from experimental designs?
-Causal comparative design, also known as ex post facto, observes effects and then looks for causes, in contrast to experimental designs which attempt to isolate causes to examine effects.
What is the significance of longitudinal research in medical studies?
-Longitudinal research, conducted over an extended period, is significant in medical studies as it allows for the collection of data on the same variables at different points in time to measure changes, which is crucial for understanding long-term effects and developments.
What is the primary focus of quantitative research?
-Quantitative research focuses on the measurement of quantity or amount and is applicable to phenomena that can be expressed in terms of quantity, often using surveys or questionnaires for data collection.
How does qualitative research differ from quantitative research?
-Qualitative research is concerned with phenomena relating to quality or kind, using tools like interviews and observations to gather data, as opposed to quantitative research which measures quantities and often uses surveys.
What is the mixed research method and how does it combine different research approaches?
-The mixed research method is a methodology that involves collecting, analyzing, and integrating both quantitative (like experiments or surveys) and qualitative (like focus groups and interviews) data, combining the strengths of both approaches to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the research problem.
Outlines
🔬 Introduction to Research
The video begins by defining research, tracing its origins to the Old French word 'researcher', which implies a repeated search for something. It emphasizes that research is not just about discovering new information but also about validating or modifying existing knowledge. The video outlines the characteristics of research, starting with problem identification, which involves recognizing a social issue or phenomenon worth studying. It then covers reviewing existing literature to strengthen the study, data collection from relevant sources, data analysis using statistical or logical techniques, and drawing conclusions that are valid and withstand scrutiny. The video also introduces different types of research designs, starting with basic research, which aims to advance knowledge rather than solve a specific problem.
📚 Types of Research Designs
This section delves into various research designs, beginning with applied research, which uses empirical evidence to solve practical problems, unlike basic research that supports theories. The video provides an example of a study aimed at encouraging high school graduates to attend college. It then explains experimental research, where independent variables are manipulated to measure their effect on dependent variables, using the impact of contextualized video presentations on math performance as an example. The true experimental design is highlighted as the most accurate, requiring random assignment of subjects and manipulation of variables by the researcher. Quasi-experimental designs are introduced as partial experimental designs that lack some criteria, such as randomization, making them less powerful in isolating causes.
🔍 Non-Experimental and Mixed Research Methods
The video continues with non-experimental designs, which do not use treatments or control groups and focus on data from tests, surveys, and interviews. It outlines different types of descriptive research that aim to describe a population or phenomenon by answering 'how,' 'what,' 'when,' and 'where' questions. Correlational design is introduced as a non-experimental research that observes two variables to establish a statistical relationship. Causal comparative design is discussed as a method that observes effects and then looks for causes, in contrast to experimental designs that isolate causes to examine effects. Longitudinal design is presented as non-experimental research conducted over time, often used in medical and social sciences to measure changes in variables over time.
📊 Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research Methods
The final part of the video discusses quantitative research, which is based on the measurement of quantities and is suitable for phenomena that can be expressed in terms of quantity, with surveys and questionnaires as primary data collection tools. Qualitative research is then explained as being concerned with phenomena related to quality or kind, using interviews and questionnaires for data collection. The video concludes with mixed research methods, which combine quantitative and qualitative research to provide a comprehensive understanding of a research problem. The video ends with a thank you note and a sign-off, emphasizing the importance of understanding different research methodologies.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Research
💡Problem Identification
💡Review of Related Literature (RL) and Review of Related Studies (RS)
💡Data Collection
💡Data Analysis
💡Conclusion
💡Basic Research
💡Applied Research
💡Experimental Research
💡True Experimental Design
💡Quasi-Experimental Design
Highlights
Research is defined as a systematized effort to gain new knowledge.
Research can validate previous findings or modify existing information.
Problem identification is the first step in research, focusing on social problems or phenomena.
Reviewing information involves consulting existing literature to enhance new research.
Data collection is the process of gathering information from relevant sources.
Data analysis involves applying statistical and logical techniques to evaluate data.
Drawing conclusions in research requires careful evidence collection and scrutiny.
Basic research aims to advance knowledge rather than solve specific problems.
Applied research uses evidence to enhance practice and solve practical problems.
Experimental research investigates cause-effect relationships under controlled conditions.
True experimental design includes a control group and random distribution of subjects.
Quasi-experimental design lacks some criteria of true experimental designs, such as random assignment.
Non-experimental design does not utilize treatments or control groups, focusing on existing data.
Descriptive design aims to describe a population or phenomenon without investigating causes.
Correlational design observes two variables to establish a statistical relationship.
Causal comparative design observes effects and then looks for causes, known as ex post facto research.
Longitudinal design involves non-experimental research conducted over an extended period.
Quantitative research is based on the measurement of quantity or amount.
Qualitative research focuses on quality or kind, using interviews and questionnaires for data gathering.
Mixed research method combines quantitative and qualitative research approaches.
Transcripts
today's video is about research
[Music]
today's video is about research
what is research the word research is
originated from the old french word
researcher which means to search and
search again
it literally implies repeating a search
for something and implicitly assumes
that the earlier search was not
exhausted and complete in the sense that
there's still an opportunity a scope
for
improvement
so it requires process which redman and
mori define research as it is a
systematized
effort to gain new knowledge
but take note of this not all research
is aimed at discovering new information
sometimes studies are conducted to help
validate previous research findings
now let us have the schematic
characteristics of research for us to be
guided on what will be the content of
the research first the problem
identification
of course whatever the specific goal of
research the focus should be on sound
research designs and practices
remember that we are doing a research to
provide new information verifying the
previous information or to modify
existing information
all of these are meant for the benefits
of everyone
therefore problem
identification refers to the sense of
awareness of a prevalent social problem
a social phenomenon or a concept that is
worth study
but it requires to investigate it to
understand it
so the researcher identifies such a
research problem through his observation
knowledge wisdom and skills
second reviewing information
we knew and we will see that before our
study there are already more existing
published research
if not similar then it has a relevant to
our study
so it is better to solicit some
information from them and soon to be
part of our study
this r irl review of related literature
and rrs review of related study
will enhance or strengthen our study
third data collection well it is a
process of collecting information from
all the relevant sources to find answers
to this research problem so what is the
data analysis
it is the process of systematically
applying statistical and or logical
techniques to describe and illustrate
condense and record and evaluate data
commonly we can treat the demographic
profile of the respondents using the
frequency percentage or rank
distribution
these are some functions of data
analysis
fifth drawing conclusion we know that
doing a research are always looking for
a result
which will be possible if we have
successfully used the statistical
procedure on our data
that serves the validity or on our study
therefore drawing valid conclusion
involves carefully collecting and
reviewing evidence and making judgments
that will withstand scrutiny
meaning the results of the statistical
analysis collected data and the
supporting details from irl or irs will
make your studies valid
of course the conclusion will be
thoroughly checked and rechecked by your
statistician research advisor and the
research group reader
in this portion we are going to learn
the different research designs
shall we start with number one
basic research
which is also known as pure or
fundamental research
it is a type of research approach that
is aimed at gaining a better
understanding of a subject phenomenon or
basic law of nature
in short this type of research is
primarily focused on the advancement of
knowledge rather than solving a specific
problem let us have an example
a study looking at how caffeine
consumption impacts the brain
well some said taking caffeine will help
you stay alert others won't
it means the goal of the research is
merely to increase the amount of
knowledge on a topic
not to come up with a practical solution
to a problem
number two
applied research
like basic research applied research is
also based on empirical evidence
experiential evidence the difference
between the two approaches is that basic
research uses the evidence to support
theories
while applied research uses the evidence
to enhance practice
therefore it refers to the scientific
study and research that seeks to solve
practical problems let us have an
example
a study searching for ways to encourage
high school graduates to attend college
in the philippines set up the government
for by ts or tertiary educational
subsidy which is one of the assistants
coming from our government that
motivates students to take college
which i think one of the solution
therefore the purpose of life studies is
to solve some immediate or impending
problem
number three experimental determine
it is a scientific approach to research
where one or more independent variables
are manipulated and applied to one or
more dependent variables to measure
their effect on the latter let us have
an example you want to know the effect
of using contextualized video
presentation on the mathematics
performance of college students
the independent variable or the cost
here is the use of contextualized video
presentation
which serve as the treatment to enhance
mathematics performance
and the independent or the effect here
is the mathematics performance
if it is effective then the grade as
well as the learning outcome of the
student will increase otherwise it's
opposite
so the purpose of experimental studies
is to investigate cause effect
relationships between two variables or
among more than two variables
under certain condition
conditions or treatment situations
number four
through experimental design
it is an experimental design which serve
as the most accurate design and may be
carried out with or without a pre-test
on at least two randomly assigned
dependent subjects
what does it mean
let us use the previous example
the effect of using contextualized video
presentation on the mathematics
performance of college students
here we can group our students into two
the experimental group
which will receive this teaching
strategy or treatment
and control group whose learning depends
on the traditional way
meaning in a regular learning process
provided that the variable can be
manipulated by the researcher which
means the researcher himself will do the
manipulation without any outside factors
in short the true experimental research
design must contain a control group
a variable that can be manipulated by
the researcher and the distribution must
be random
number five
quasi-experimental design
it is also an experimental design when
all the criteria necessary for
experimental designs are not present
so the word quasi means partial hot or
sudo therefore the quasi-experimental
research bearing a resemblance to the
true experimental research but not the
same take note but not the same
that is why
if there is a factor that does not
satisfy the experimental design
then the quasi experiments will took
place
which means the participants are not
randomly assigned and as such they are
used in settings
where randomization is difficult or
impossible in other words
quasi-experimental designs meet only
some not all
of the strict criteria for experimental
designs
evidently
quasi-experimental designs are not as
powerful as experimental designs because
researchers have no way to isolate
causes or control extreme use variables
number six
non-experimental design
when neither random selection nor random
assignment to treatments is possible
ethical or desirable a research design
is called non-experimental
meaning they do not utilize treatments
or control groups
in short this focuses on the data
resources which are taken on tests
surveys
and interviews
rather than the data obtained by
designing experiments and analyzing the
results
examples of non-experimental are the
following descriptive or status quo
studies correlation studies
causal comparative studies and logic to
deny studies
which will be discussed after
let's go with number seven descriptive
design or also known as status quo
research
it is a type of research that describes
a population situation or phenomenon
that is being
studied
take note of this
it focuses on answering the how what
when and where questions in a research
problem
rather than the why question
this is mainly because it is important
to have a proper understanding of what a
research problem is about before
investigating why it exists in the first
place so we have the different types of
descriptive
descriptive survey descriptive normative
survey descriptive status descriptive
analysis descriptive classification
descriptive comparative and correlative
survey
number eight correlational design it is
also a type of non-experimental research
which involves observing two variables
in order to establish a statistically
corresponding relationship between them
for example correlational research may
reveal the statistical relationship
between high income earners and
relocation
that is the more people earn the more
likely they are to relocate or not
meaning in your own perspective if you
will earn more than enough are you still
going to stay
where you are right now
or you are going to move in a more
conducive place that is why the aim of
correlational research is to identify
variables that have some sort of
relationship to the extent that a change
in one creates some change in the other
these are the different types of
correlational designs based on its
peculiar characteristics
positive correlational research and
negative correlational research
number nine causal comparative design we
know that not all studies lend
themselves to the strict criteria of
true experimental designs or even the
limited criteria of quasi-experimental
designs
meaning the coastal comparative designs
are opposite in structure and conduct
from experimental designs when we say
experimental designs researchers attempt
to isolate causes the variables so that
they can examine effects
in contrast in causal comparative
studies researchers observe effects
then look respectively for the causes
that is why causal comparison are also
known as espos facto
meaning after the fact
in this case you are going to start or
use the effects to enumerate it causes
in addition they observe effects
although they are already occurred along
with the causes which serve as the
dependent variables
so causal comparative research is
valuable for many studies in the social
and behavioral sciences such as
investigating patterns of behavior and
achievement motivation by examining past
school records of children number 10 the
longitudinal design
it is a
non-experimental research conducted over
an extended period of time
it is also mostly used in medical
research and other areas like psychology
or sociology
let us have an example formulating a
vaccine which will heal the 19 patients
and totally kill the coping 19 virus
of course the process is not simple
and it really need much of time and
efforts
so the longitudinal studies can be
classified as
quasi-experimental or non-experimental
depending on the level of control and
purpose of the study
such studies collect data on the same
variables at designated points in time
to measure changes in dependent
variables from one time
point to another
number 11 quantitative research from its
word it is based on the measurement of
quantity or amount
it is also applicable to phenomena that
can be expressed in terms of quantity
and the best tool to be used in
gathering the data is the survey
questionnaire number 12
qualitative research it is concerned
with qualitative phenomenon relating to
or involving quality or kind
and the best tool to be used in
gathering the data is the interview
questionnaire
number 13 the last but not the least the
mix research method
according to food risk resource center n
a
mixed methods research is a methodology
for conducting research that involves
collecting analyzing and integrating
quantitative
example experiments or surveys
and qualitative example focus groups and
interviews in short mixed research
method is a combination of quantitative
and qualitative research
thank you for watching god bless
everyone
[Music]
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)