RESEARCH

Summary

This video delves into the concept of research, tracing its origins and defining it as a systematic pursuit of knowledge. It outlines the characteristics of research, including problem identification, literature review, data collection, analysis, and drawing conclusions. The script explores various research designs like basic, applied, experimental, and non-experimental, emphasizing their unique approaches and applications. It also distinguishes between quantitative and qualitative research, and introduces mixed methods research, providing a comprehensive view of the research landscape.

Takeaways

• 🔍 Research is a systematic effort to gain new knowledge, often involving a process of repeated searching and investigation.
• 🔎 The purpose of research is not only to discover new information but also to validate or modify existing knowledge.
• 🧩 Problem identification is a crucial first step in research, requiring awareness and investigation of social issues or concepts worth studying.
• 📚 Reviewing literature and previous studies is essential to build upon existing knowledge and strengthen the foundation of new research.
• 📊 Data collection and analysis are systematic processes that involve gathering information and applying statistical or logical techniques to find answers to research questions.
• 📝 Drawing conclusions in research involves careful review of evidence and making judgments that are valid and withstand scrutiny.
• 🔬 Basic research focuses on advancing knowledge rather than solving a specific problem, aiming to understand subjects, phenomena, or natural laws.
• 🛠️ Applied research uses empirical evidence to enhance practice and solve practical problems, unlike basic research which supports theories.
• 🧪 Experimental research investigates cause-effect relationships by manipulating independent variables and measuring their impact on dependent variables.
• 📊 Through experimental design is a precise method involving random assignment of subjects to control and experimental groups, allowing for the isolation of variables.
• 🔍 Quasi-experimental design resembles true experimental design but does not meet all criteria, often due to non-random assignment of participants.
• 📝 Non-experimental design does not use treatments or control groups and focuses on data gathered from tests, surveys, and interviews.
• 📊 Descriptive research aims to describe a population or phenomenon by answering 'how,' 'what,' 'when,' and 'where' questions, rather than 'why.'
• 🔗 Correlational design is a non-experimental approach that observes two variables to establish a statistical relationship between them.
• 📚 Causal comparative design observes effects and then looks for causes, in contrast to experimental designs that isolate causes to examine effects.
• 📈 Longitudinal design involves non-experimental research conducted over an extended period, often used in medical, psychological, and sociological studies.
• 🔢 Quantitative research is based on the measurement of quantities and is applicable to phenomena that can be expressed in terms of quantity.
• 📜 Qualitative research focuses on phenomena related to quality or kind, using tools like interviews and questionnaires to gather data.
• 🧬 Mixed research method combines quantitative and qualitative research approaches, integrating data collection and analysis from both types.

Q & A

What is the origin of the word 'research'?

The word 'research' originates from the Old French word 'rechercher', which means to search and search again, implying a repeated search for something.

What is the definition of research according to Redman and Mori?

Redman and Mori define research as a systematized effort to gain new knowledge.

Why is problem identification important in research?

Problem identification is important because it involves the awareness of a prevalent social problem or phenomenon that is worth studying and requires investigation to understand it.

What is the purpose of reviewing literature in research?

Reviewing literature is to gather information from existing published research that is relevant to the study, which enhances or strengthens the research by building upon previous findings.

How does data analysis function in research?

Data analysis involves systematically applying statistical and/or logical techniques to describe, illustrate, condense, record, and evaluate data, which is crucial for making the research valid.

What is the primary aim of basic research?

The primary aim of basic research, also known as pure or fundamental research, is to gain a better understanding of a subject, phenomenon, or basic law of nature, focusing on the advancement of knowledge rather than solving a specific problem.

How does applied research differ from basic research?

Applied research differs from basic research in that it uses empirical evidence to enhance practice and solve practical problems, while basic research uses evidence to support theories.

What is the main goal of experimental research?

The main goal of experimental research is to investigate cause-effect relationships between variables under controlled conditions.

What are the key elements of a true experimental design?

The key elements of a true experimental design include a control group, a variable that can be manipulated by the researcher, and random distribution of subjects.

What is the difference between experimental and quasi-experimental designs?

The difference lies in the presence of all criteria necessary for experimental designs. Quasi-experimental designs resemble true experimental designs but do not meet all the strict criteria, often due to non-random assignment of participants.

What is the focus of non-experimental designs?

Non-experimental designs focus on data resources obtained from tests, surveys, and interviews rather than data obtained by designing experiments and analyzing results.

What are the characteristics of descriptive research?

Descriptive research describes a population, situation, or phenomenon and focuses on answering 'how', 'what', 'when', and 'where' questions, rather than 'why', to gain a proper understanding of the research problem.

What is the purpose of correlational research?

The purpose of correlational research is to identify variables that have a statistical relationship to the extent that a change in one variable creates some change in the other.

How does causal comparative design differ from experimental designs?

Causal comparative design, also known as ex post facto, observes effects and then looks for causes, in contrast to experimental designs which attempt to isolate causes to examine effects.

What is the significance of longitudinal research in medical studies?

Longitudinal research, conducted over an extended period, is significant in medical studies as it allows for the collection of data on the same variables at different points in time to measure changes, which is crucial for understanding long-term effects and developments.

What is the primary focus of quantitative research?

Quantitative research focuses on the measurement of quantity or amount and is applicable to phenomena that can be expressed in terms of quantity, often using surveys or questionnaires for data collection.

How does qualitative research differ from quantitative research?

Qualitative research is concerned with phenomena relating to quality or kind, using tools like interviews and observations to gather data, as opposed to quantitative research which measures quantities and often uses surveys.

What is the mixed research method and how does it combine different research approaches?

The mixed research method is a methodology that involves collecting, analyzing, and integrating both quantitative (like experiments or surveys) and qualitative (like focus groups and interviews) data, combining the strengths of both approaches to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the research problem.