Ultimate 13 Colonies Review (Ace Your Test in 10 Minutes!)

MrBettsClass

12 Sept 201711:32

Summary

TLDRIn this educational video, Mr. Betts offers a rapid-fire review of key points in colonial America, perfect for students facing an imminent test. He covers the first English settlements, the significance of tobacco as a cash crop, the establishment of the House of Burgesses, and the diverse motivations of different colonial groups. The video also touches on the geographical layout of the colonies, conflicts with Native Americans, the impact of the Great Migration, and the economic and religious diversity of the colonies. Mr. Betts concludes with a brief mention of the Salem witch trials, the Great Awakening, and the Iroquois Confederacy, providing a comprehensive snapshot of colonial America's complex history.

Takeaways

🏰 The first English colony in the New World, Roanoke, failed in 1587, while Jamestown became the first successful English settlement in 1607.
🌱 Tobacco became a major cash crop in the Virginia Colony, leading to its prosperity due to high demand in Europe.
👥 The Mayflower Compact was a document created by the Pilgrims in 1620, pledging loyalty to the King and establishing self-government.
🍁 The New England colonies, including Massachusetts, were known for rich forests, rocky soils, and good harbors, which facilitated trade.
🌾 The middle colonies, like New York and Pennsylvania, were known as the 'breadbasket colonies' due to their agricultural productivity, especially in wheat.
🏛️ The southern colonies had a warm climate, were agriculturally focused, and were predominantly Anglican, with significant cash crops like indigo.
🚢 The triangle trade involved the exchange of raw materials from the colonies to Europe, manufactured goods back to the colonies, and slaves from Africa.
📜 The Navigation Acts were a series of laws by England to control colonial trade, requiring the use of English ships and sale of goods only to England.
🔮 The Salem witch trials in 1692-1693 resulted in the execution of 20 people and highlighted the strict and intolerant nature of Puritan society.
✝️ The Great Awakening in the 1720s and 1730s was a religious revival that led to a rededication to Christianity and increased religious diversity.

Q & A

What was the first attempt at an English colony in the New World and what happened to it?
-The first attempt at an English colony in the New World was in 1587, known as Roanoke. It failed so miserably that the fate of the colonists remains unknown.
Which colony is credited as the first successful English settlement in North America?
-Jamestown, established in 1607, is recognized as the first successful English settlement in North America.
What was the significance of John Smith's leadership in Jamestown?
-John Smith's leadership was significant because he implemented the rule 'you don't work, you don't eat,' which helped the colony survive and prosper.
What is a cash crop and how did it contribute to the success of the Virginia Colony?
-A cash crop is a crop grown to be sold rather than consumed. Tobacco, being a cash crop, was grown and sold by colonists like John Rolfe, contributing significantly to the Virginia Colony's success.
What was the purpose of the Mayflower Compact, and why was it created?
-The Mayflower Compact was created by the Pilgrims in 1620 to pledge their loyalty to the King of England and to each other, and to establish a civil body politic for self-government in their new colony.
Who was Squanto and how did he help the Plymouth Colony?
-Squanto was a local Native American who taught the Pilgrims of Plymouth Colony how to use the land, which was crucial for their survival and success.
What does 'a city upon a hill' mean in the context of the Massachusetts Bay Colony?
-In the context of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, 'a city upon a hill' refers to the Puritans' belief that they would be an example for the rest of the world, reflecting their self-righteousness and high moral standards.
What was the Great Migration and what was its impact on the English colonies?
-The Great Migration was a massive movement between the 1620s and 1640s where about 50,000 Puritans left Europe for the New World, mainly the English colonies, significantly increasing the population and influencing the cultural and religious landscape.
Why was Rhode Island founded and what was unique about its founding?
-Rhode Island was founded by Roger Williams, a Puritan minister, after he was expelled from Massachusetts for advocating religious tolerance and fair dealings with Native Americans. Its founding was unique due to its commitment to religious freedom.
What was the significance of the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?
-The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut was the first written constitution in the colonies, setting a precedent for self-government and the rule of law.
What was the role of the triangle trade in the colonial economy?
-The triangle trade played a significant role in the colonial economy by facilitating the exchange of raw materials from the colonies to Europe, which were then turned into manufactured goods and either sent back to the colonies or to Africa for slaves and other goods.
What were the Navigation Acts and how did they impact the English colonies?
-The Navigation Acts were a series of laws in the mid-1600s that required colonists to use only English ships and sell their raw materials exclusively to England. This was intended to protect England's wealth and power, but it also led to resentment among the colonists.

Outlines

00:00

🏰 Early English Colonies in America

The paragraph discusses the early attempts at English colonization in the New World, highlighting the failed colony of Roanoke in 1587 and the successful establishment of Jamestown in 1607. It credits John Smith's leadership and the story of Pocahontas for the survival of Jamestown. The paragraph also covers the economic success of the Virginia Colony due to tobacco farming, which became a major cash crop. The growth of the colony led to the creation of the House of Burgesses, the first representative government in the English colonies. It then contrasts this with the Pilgrims' journey to the New World in 1620, their establishment of the Plymouth Colony, and the Mayflower Compact, which was a pledge of loyalty to the King of England and a commitment to self-governance. The paragraph also mentions the arrival of the Puritans and their establishment of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, known for religious freedom, and the concept of a 'city upon a hill' as described by John Winthrop.

05:02

🌱 Colonial America: Geography, Conflict, and Diversity

This paragraph delves into the geographical distribution of the English colonies in America, from Massachusetts to Georgia, and the distinct characteristics of the New England, Middle, and Southern colonies. It discusses the New England colonies' rocky soils and good harbors, the Middle colonies' fertile lands for agriculture, and the Southern colonies' warm climate and focus on cash crops like tobacco and indigo. The paragraph also covers the conflicts between colonists and Native Americans, exemplified by King Philip's War, and the diverse populations in the Middle colonies, including the Dutch in New Amsterdam and the Quakers in Pennsylvania. It mentions the Mason-Dixon line, which was established to resolve boundary disputes between Maryland and Pennsylvania, and the economic and social dynamics of the Southern colonies, including the rise of Charleston as a major shipping city and the introduction of African slaves to the colonies.

10:04

📜 Colonial America: Rebellions, Enlightenment, and the Press

The final paragraph covers significant events and developments in the English colonies, including Bacon's Rebellion, which was an uprising against both the indigenous people and the colonial government. It discusses the Salem witch trials, which resulted in the execution of 20 people and highlighted the strict and intolerant nature of the Puritan lifestyle. The paragraph also touches on the Great Awakening, a religious revival movement that encouraged a return to Christianity and contributed to increased religious diversity. It mentions the case of Peter Zenger, a newspaper publisher whose arrest and acquittal on charges of libel helped establish early freedom of the press. Lastly, it briefly discusses the Iroquois Confederacy, a group of Native American tribes that maintained independence from European powers and demonstrated the benefits of diverse groups working together.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Colonial America

Colonial America refers to the period and region under the control of European colonial powers during the 17th and 18th centuries. The video script covers the establishment and development of English colonies in the New World, highlighting their economic, social, and political aspects. For instance, it mentions Jamestown, the first successful English settlement, and the various colonies that formed along the Eastern seaboard of what is now the United States.

💡House of Burgesses

The House of Burgesses was the first representative assembly in the Virginia Colony, established in 1619. It was a significant step towards self-government within the English colonies. The video script uses this as an example of the development of democratic principles in the New World, which would later influence the formation of the United States' government.

💡Pilgrims

Pilgrims, or Separatists, were English Puritans who sought religious freedom and fled to the New World. The video script recounts their journey on the Mayflower and the establishment of Plymouth Colony, which was marked by the signing of the Mayflower Compact, a document symbolizing their commitment to self-governance and loyalty to the English crown.

💡Tobacco

Tobacco was a cash crop that played a pivotal role in the economic success of the Virginia Colony. As the video script explains, John Rolfe's cultivation and sale of tobacco allowed the colony to prosper, as it became a highly sought-after commodity in Europe. This agricultural product was instrumental in the economic development of the early colonies.

💡Great Migration

The Great Migration was a significant movement of people from Europe to the New World between the 1620s and 1640s, with around 50,000 Puritans leaving for the Americas. The video script describes this mass migration as a key factor in the population growth and cultural development of the English colonies, particularly in New England.

💡Middle Colonies

The Middle Colonies, which included New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware, were known for their agricultural productivity and religious tolerance. The video script highlights the diversity and economic prosperity of these colonies, mentioning their role as 'breadbasket colonies' due to their ability to grow wheat and other crops.

💡Salem Witch Trials

The Salem Witch Trials were a series of hearings and prosecutions in colonial Massachusetts that led to the execution of 20 people and one dog accused of witchcraft. The video script uses this historical event to illustrate the strict and intolerant nature of the Puritan lifestyle, which was a dominant cultural force in New England at the time.

💡Mercantilism

Mercantilism was an economic theory and practice that dominated trade during the colonial period, emphasizing the accumulation of wealth through a positive balance of trade. The video script explains how England's Navigation Acts were a part of mercantilist policies, requiring that all trade with the colonies be conducted in English ships and through English ports to strengthen the empire.

💡Indigenous Peoples

Indigenous Peoples, such as the Native Americans mentioned in the video script, were the original inhabitants of the Americas before European colonization. The script touches on their interactions with the colonists, including conflicts like King Philip's War and the Iroquois Confederacy, which showed a different model of governance and cooperation among diverse groups.

💡Enlightenment

The Enlightenment was an intellectual and philosophical movement that emphasized reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority. The video script contrasts this with the religious revivals of the Great Awakening, suggesting a tension between the pursuit of rationality and the deeply religious culture of the colonies.

Highlights

First English colony in the New World failed in 1587 at Roanoke Island.

Jamestown, established in 1607, was the first successful English settlement.

John Smith's leadership and 'no work, no eat' policy at Jamestown.

Pocahontas saved John Smith and later married colonist John Rolfe.

Tobacco as a cash crop led to the prosperity of the Virginia Colony.

House of Burgesses was the first representative government in English colonies.

Pilgrims sought religious freedom and created the Mayflower Compact in 1620.

Squanto helped the Plymouth Colony to survive by teaching them about the land.

Puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony for religious freedom.

John Winthrop's 'city upon a hill' sermon symbolized the colony's example role.

The Great Migration saw 50,000 Puritans move to the New World between 1620s and 1640s.

Colonial map from north to south included Massachusetts to Georgia.

New England colonies known for forests, rocky soils, and good harbors.

Roger Williams founded Rhode Island on principles of religious tolerance.

King Philip's War was a conflict between colonists and Native Americans over land.

Middle colonies were known as the 'breadbasket colonies' for their agricultural productivity.

New Amsterdam was a Dutch settlement that became English after 1664.

William Penn founded Pennsylvania as a haven for Quakers and other persecuted groups.

Southern colonies had a warm climate, agricultural economy, and were mostly Anglican.

Maryland began as a Catholic colony but became more diverse with the Maryland Toleration Act.

Bacon's Rebellion was an uprising against both Native Americans and the colonial government.

The Mason-Dixon line was created to resolve a border dispute between Pennsylvania and Maryland.

Indigo was a valuable crop in the Carolinas, used to create a blue dye.

Georgia was founded as a refuge for debtors and poor people by James Oglethorpe.

Indentured servants and African slaves were two different labor forces in the colonies.

The triangle trade involved raw materials, manufactured goods, and slaves.

Mercantilism was the economic theory that supported England's Navigation Acts.

The Salem witch trials in 1692-93 led to the execution of 20 people.

The Great Awakening was a religious revival movement in the 18th century.

Peter Zenger's trial was a landmark case for freedom of the press.

The Iroquois Confederacy was a union of Native American tribes that remained independent.