LA INDEPENDENCIA DE MÉXICO en minutos
Summary
TLDRThis video delves into the Mexican War of Independence, a pivotal 11-year struggle against Spanish rule from 1810 to 1821. It began with Miguel Hidalgo's 'Grito de Dolores' and culminated in the signing of the Plan of Iguala, establishing Mexico as a sovereign republic. The video explores internal causes like indigenous exploitation and external factors such as Spain's wars and Enlightenment ideas. It outlines the stages of independence: initiation with Hidalgo's cry, organization under Morelos, resistance post-Morelos' execution, and final consummation with the Treaty of Córdoba. The aftermath saw wealth concentrated among the elite, power struggles, economic decline, and a crisis due to labor shortage in agriculture.
Takeaways
- 🗓️ The Mexican War of Independence lasted for 11 years, starting on September 16, 1810, with the Grito de Dolores led by priest Miguel Hidalgo, and ending in 1821 with the signing of the Plan of Iguala and the triumphant arrival of the Army of the Three Guarantees in Mexico City.
- 🏰 The war was fought to liberate the Mexican territory from the Spanish Empire, which was then known as the Viceroyalty of New Spain.
- 🔍 Internal causes for the independence included the poverty of the indigenous population, who were heavily taxed despite their circumstances, and the diminishing wealth of the criollo population due to Spain's instability.
- 🌍 External causes included Spain's ongoing war with England, the Bourbon Reforms that negatively impacted New Spain, the American Revolution's influence, and the spread of Enlightenment ideas opposing Spanish rule.
- 🔥 The independence process had distinct stages: initiation (1810-1811), organization (1811-1815), resistance (1815-1821), and consummation (1821), each marked by significant events and leadership changes.
- 📜 The Plan of Iguala was a key document that declared New Spain, now Mexico, an independent state and outlined the principles of national unity, equality, and religion.
- 🏛️ The signing of the Treaties of Córdoba in 1821 marked the official recognition of Mexico's independence by Spain, with Juan O'Donjúan accepting the sovereignty of Mexico.
- 💵 After independence, wealth within Mexico was redirected towards the native Mexican criollos and mestizos who held power, leading to economic disparities.
- ⚖️ There were power struggles for control over Mexico's wealth and resources among the new state representatives and the economically powerful.
- 📉 The independence war led to a weakening of the guild system, agriculture, and commerce, and an economic crisis due to a shortage of labor as many people left the fields to fight in the wars.
Q & A
What is the process known as that led to Mexico's independence from Spain?
-The process is known as the Independence of Mexico, which was the liberation of the Mexican territory from the Spanish Empire, previously known as the Viceroyalty of New Spain.
How long did the Mexican War of Independence last?
-The Mexican War of Independence lasted a total of 11 years, from September 16, 1810, to 1821.
Who is credited with initiating the Mexican War of Independence and what event marked the beginning?
-The Mexican War of Independence was initiated by the priest Miguel Hidalgo, who gave the Grito de Dolores on September 16, 1810.
What significant event in 1821 marked the end of the Mexican War of Independence?
-The end of the Mexican War of Independence was marked by the signing of the Plan of Iguala and the triumphant arrival of the Army of the Three Guarantees in Mexico City in 1821.
What were the internal causes that contributed to the Mexican War of Independence?
-Internal causes included the death of many indigenous people due to wars and diseases brought by the Spanish, the impoverishment of the indigenous population who were heavily taxed, and the diminishing wealth of the criollo population due to Spain's instability.
How did the social hierarchy in colonial Mexico contribute to the desire for independence?
-In colonial Mexico, indigenous people and mestizos were at the bottom of the social hierarchy and were exploited by Spanish colonists and criollo elites, which contributed to the desire for independence.
What were the external factors that influenced the Mexican War of Independence?
-External factors included Spain's war with England, the Bourbon Reforms that negatively impacted New Spain, the American Revolution's influence, and the spread of Enlightenment ideas that opposed the type of government Spain imposed.
Can you describe the different stages of the Mexican War of Independence?
-The stages included Initiation, marked by the Grito de Dolores and the first campaigns; Organization, characterized by the establishment of objectives and campaigns led by José María Morelos; Resistance, after Morelos' death, with some rebels accepting pardons and others continuing the fight; and Consummation, with the signing of the Treaties of Córdoba and the Plan of Iguala.
What were the consequences of the Mexican War of Independence for the country's economy and society?
-The consequences included the diversion of national wealth towards the criollo and mestizo elites, power struggles over state wealth, a weakening of guild production and agriculture, land appropriation by native Mexicans, and an economic crisis due to a shortage of labor in the fields as many people joined the wars.
How did the signing of the Plan of Iguala contribute to Mexico's independence?
-The Plan of Iguala declared New Spain, now Mexico, as an independent state and was a key document that solidified Mexico's status as a sovereign nation.
Outlines
🇲🇽 Mexican Independence Overview
This paragraph introduces the Mexican War of Independence, highlighting its duration of 11 years from 1810 to 1821. It began with the Grito de Dolores by Miguel Hidalgo on September 16, 1810, and ended with the signing of the Plan of Iguala and the triumphant entry of the Army of the Three Guarantees into Mexico City. The paragraph also discusses the significant battles faced by Mexican independence fighters against the royalist army and the establishment of Mexico as a sovereign republic.
🏰 Causes of Mexican Independence
The second paragraph delves into the internal and external causes that led to Mexico's independence. Internal causes include the decimation of indigenous populations through wars and diseases brought by the Spanish, the poverty of the remaining indigenous population who were heavily taxed, and the economic decline of the criollo class due to Spain's instability. External factors include Spain's war with England, the Bourbon Reforms, the influence of the American Revolution, and Enlightenment ideas that challenged Spain's governance. These factors collectively contributed to the push for independence.
🛡 Stages of Mexican Independence
This section outlines the stages of Mexico's struggle for independence: initiation, organization, resistance, and consummation. The initiation began with the Grito de Dolores and ended with the death of early leaders. The organization phase, following Hidalgo's death, saw the establishment of the insurgency's objectives and was marked by José María Morelos's campaigns. The resistance phase started after Morelos's execution and was characterized by both acceptance of royal pardons and radicalization of demands. The consummation occurred in 1821 with the signing of the Treaties of Córdoba and the Plan of Iguala, recognizing Mexico's sovereignty.
🌐 Aftermath of Mexican Independence
The final paragraph discusses the consequences of Mexican independence. It mentions the shift of national wealth towards the native Mexican criollo and mestizo elites, power struggles over state control, the weakening of guild production and agriculture, and the economic crisis due to labor shortages in agriculture caused by widespread participation in the wars. The paragraph concludes by summarizing the significant changes and challenges that arose in the aftermath of Mexico's independence.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Independence of Mexico
💡Grito de Dolores
💡Viceroyalty of New Spain
💡Miguel Hidalgo
💡Vicente Guerrero
💡Agustín de Iturbide
💡Royalist Army
💡Internal Causes
💡External Causes
💡Stages of Independence
💡Plan of Iguala
Highlights
The Mexican War of Independence lasted 11 years, starting with the Grito de Dolores on September 16, 1810, led by priest Miguel Hidalgo.
The war concluded in 1821 with the signing of the Plan of Iguala and the triumphant entry of the Army of the Three Guarantees into Mexico City.
Internal causes of the independence included the colonization's impact on indigenous populations, poverty, and the heavy tributes they had to pay.
The decline in wealth among white criollos due to Spain's instability was another internal cause.
External causes included Spain's war with England, the Bourbon Reforms, and the influence of the 13 American colonies' independence in 1776.
The Enlightenment ideas that spread globally also played a role in the push for independence from Spanish rule.
The independence process had four stages: Initiation, Organization, Resistance, and Consummation.
The Initiation stage began with the Grito de Dolores and ended with the death of early leaders and initial defeats.
Organization stage started after Miguel Hidalgo's death, focusing on establishing the goals of the independence movement.
During the Resistance stage, some rebels accepted the crown's pardon while others continued to radicalize their demands.
The Consummation stage occurred in 1821 with the signing of the Treaties of Córdoba and the recognition of Mexico as a sovereign nation.
The Plan of Iguala was also signed in 1821, declaring Mexico an independent state.
After independence, wealth was diverted to the criollos and mestizos who controlled Mexican society.
Struggles for control of Mexico's wealth and power ensued among the new state representatives.
The independence led to a weakening of guild production, agriculture, and commerce.
There was also an appropriation of lands by native Mexicans and an economic crisis due to a lack of agricultural labor.
Transcripts
hola qué tal cómo les va hoy vamos a
hablar sobre la independencia de mexico
bueno para comenzar decir que se conoce
como independencia de mexico al proceso
de liberación del imperio español por
parte del territorio mexicano en aquel
entonces conocido como virreinato de
nueva españa
también decir que este proceso duró un
total de 11 años comenzó el 16 de
septiembre de 1810 con el grito de
dolores dado por el cura miguel hidalgo
y finalizó en 1821 luego de que vicente
guerrero y agustín de iturbide firmaran
el plan de iguala y el ejército
trigarante llegase de manera triunfal a
la ciudad de mexico y por último debemos
decir que durante este periodo los
independentistas de mexico atravesaron
importantes combates frente al ejército
realista para poder reconocerse como una
república soberana continuamos hablando
un poco más sobre esta independencia de
méxico particularmente hogar sobre sus
causas comenzando con las causas
internas
bueno decir que en el proceso de
colonización de méxico fueron asesinados
muchos indígenas por guerras y también
murieron muchos por enfermedades que
llevaron los mismos españoles otra de
las causas se relaciona con la población
indígena que quedaba que era sumamente
pobre y aún así debía pagar tributos
desde el siglo 18 causando muchas
inconformidades y muchos conflictos por
otro lado también se daba la disminución
de riquezas de los blancos criollos que
habitaban en méjico y que se vieron
afectados totalmente por la
inestabilidad que atravesaba españa y la
última causa que mencionaremos es que en
la sociedad los indios y mestizos
ocupaban el último lugar y eran
explotados por las colonias españolas y
por los mismos blancos criollos
sigamos hablando sobre las causas de
esta independencia en este caso hablar
sobre las causas externas
bueno entre las causas externas debemos
mencionar que españa estaba sufriendo
las consecuencias con la guerra con
inglaterra también otra causa externa
tiene que ver con las reformas
borbónicas que afectaron directamente a
la nueva españa' otra de las causas
fueron las 13 colonias los eeuu habían
presentado su independencia en 1776 y
sirvió de impulso para méxico y también
mencionar las ideas de ilustración que
viajaban por el mundo e iban en contra
de todo gobierno como el que ejercía
españa sigamos hablando un poco más
sobre esta independencia particularmente
hablar sobre sus etapas bueno decir que
entre mil 810 y mil 821 durante el
proceso de independencia de mexico
surgieron con de etapas la iniciación
organización resistencia y consumación
comencemos con la iniciación bueno esta
etapa la cual se la considera el inicio
de la independencia de mexico comenzó el
16 de septiembre de 1810 con el llamado
grito de dolores y culminó en el año
1800
y también decir que después del
levantamiento inicial que se produjo en
guanajuato y la primera campaña que
realizó y allí se produjo el fin de la
primera etapa la cual quedó marcada por
la muerte de los primeros líderes y las
diferentes derrotas y por último decir
que esta etapa se caracterizó por la
iniciación y organización de lo que
luego iba a ser el proceso de
independencia sigamos con la etapa de
organización bueno en lo que respecta a
esta etapa de organización comprendida
desde mil 811 hasta mil 815 comenzó
luego de la muerte del padre miguel
hidalgo y se caracterizó por establecer
y asentar los objetivos del alzamiento
independentista también decir que
durante las cinco campañas que dirigió
josé maría morelos la insurgencia o
revolución tomó una increíble fuerza en
el sur pasando por guerrero oaxaca y
luego por morelos y por último decir que
esta etapa finalizó
15 cuando jose maria morelos fue
capturado y ejecutado por las fuerzas
españolas sigamos con la resistencia
bueno esta etapa de la resistencia
inició tras la muerte de josé maría
morelos y finalizó en mil 821 esta etapa
estaba marcada por dos hechos
fundamentales el primero fue el
nombramiento de juan ruiz de apodaca
como virrey y su política de perdón y el
segundo hecho fue que mientras que
algunos rebeldes aceptaron el perdón de
la corona otros grupos siguieron
radicalizando sus demandas sigamos con
la etapa de el término o consumación
bueno la consumación o termino ocurrió
en mil 821 cuando tras diez años de
lucha se firmaron los tratados de
córdoba en estos juan o donojú aceptó la
independencia de mexico y reconoció al
país como una nación soberana e
independiente y por último decir que
además en mil 821 también se firmó el
plan de iguala documento que declaró la
nueva españa la actual mexico como
estado independiente
y para finalizar hablaremos sobre las
consecuencias que trajo esta
independencia de méxico
bueno decir que las riquezas internas de
la nación se desviaron hacia quienes
tenían el control de la sociedad
mexicana nativa independiente nos
referimos a los criollos y mestizos
adinerados otra consecuencia mencionar
es que se llevaron a cabo pugnas por el
control de la riqueza del estado de
mexico en tres quienes tenían el poder y
la economía y los nuevos representantes
del estado de mexico
otra consecuencia fue el debilitamiento
de la capacidad de la producción gremial
y de la agroganadería y comercio y
también se dio una ocupación apropiación
en las tierras por mexicanos nativos y
por último decir que se dio la crisis
económica ya que muchas personas
salieron del campo participar en las
guerras lo que llevó a poca mano de obra
en el campo que era la principal riqueza
de méxico bueno esto es todo por hoy
como siempre les decimos si que en los
vídeos de nuestro canal que seguramente
les serán de utilidad hasta la próxima
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