Sumber Hukum Internasional - Prinsip Hukum Umum
Summary
TLDRThis video discusses the 'general principles of law' as outlined in Article 38(1)(c) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice. It explains how these principles address gaps in international law, often seen as having potential legal voids compared to national legal systems. The video highlights the role of general principles in filling legal gaps when treaties and customary international law are unclear. It also touches on how these principles, possibly derived from natural law or national laws recognized by the international community, serve as a foundation for international law. Examples include the principles of good faith, pacta sunt servanda, and abuse of rights. The video uses the Corfu Channel case between Germany and Poland to illustrate the application of these principles, emphasizing the obligation to provide compensation for breaches of international agreements.
Takeaways
- 📚 The discussion revolves around the concept of 'general principles of law' as a legal mechanism to address gaps in international law.
- 🌐 International law is often considered to have potential gaps compared to national legal systems due to the lack of a legislative authority and clear law-making procedures.
- 🔍 The primary function of the general principles of law is to fill legal voids when international treaties and customary international law do not provide clarity.
- 👨⚖️ It is suggested that international judges are not only permitted but also obligated to use general principles of law to fill in legal gaps.
- 💡 The general principles of law are seen as tools to complement the primary sources of international law, which are treaties and customary international law.
- 📜 These principles are derived from natural law principles and logical reasoning, and they may also stem from national laws recognized by the international community.
- 🌟 Examples of general principles of law include 'good faith', 'facta sun servanda', 'bona fide', and the prohibition against abuse of rights.
- 🏛️ The case of Corfu Channel (UK v. Albania) is highlighted as an example where the Permanent Court of International Justice applied the principle that a breach of an international obligation entails the duty to make reparation.
- 📝 The principle derived from the Corfu Channel case is that if a state violates an international agreement, it has the duty to provide compensation for the damage caused, which is accepted as a general principle of international law.
- 🌐 The discussion emphasizes the importance of general principles of law in international adjudication and their role in resolving disputes in accordance with the nature of the international conflict at hand.
Q & A
What are the general principles of law as mentioned in the script?
-The general principles of law, as discussed in the script, are mechanisms used to address legal gaps. They are essential in international law due to the lack of a legislative authority and clear law enforcement mechanisms. These principles are used to fill legal voids when international treaties and customary international law do not provide clarity.
What is the significance of Article 38, paragraph 1(c) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice in the context of general principles of law?
-Article 38, paragraph 1(c) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice recognizes the general principles of law as a source of law that the Court can apply to decide cases brought before it. It highlights the importance of these principles in supplementing other sources of international law when needed.
How do general principles of law help in the development of international law?
-General principles of law help in the development of international law by providing a foundation to fill legal gaps. They serve as a tool for international judges to address issues where treaties and customary international law may be silent or unclear, thus ensuring a more comprehensive and adaptable legal framework.
What is the role of general principles of law in resolving disputes in international law?
-General principles of law play a crucial role in resolving disputes by providing a set of universally accepted norms that can be applied when specific treaties or customary laws are insufficient. They help in interpreting and applying international law in a manner that is consistent with the principles of justice and fairness.
Can you provide an example of a general principle of law that is widely accepted across different legal systems?
-One example of a widely accepted general principle of law is the principle of 'good faith' (pacta sunt servanda), which requires that agreements must be honored in good faith. This principle is reflected in various national laws and international agreements, emphasizing the importance of诚信 and reliability in legal transactions.
What is the significance of the Corfu Channel case in the context of general principles of law?
-The Corfu Channel case is significant as it demonstrates the application of general principles of law in international disputes. In this case, the International Court of Justice held that Albania was responsible for violating an agreement with the United Kingdom, highlighting the principle that breach of international obligations can lead to liability for damages.
How do general principles of law contribute to the interpretation of international law?
-General principles of law contribute to the interpretation of international law by providing a set of fundamental norms that can be used analogically to interpret specific rules. They help in extending the understanding of international law through inductive reasoning, ensuring that the legal system remains coherent and adaptable to new situations.
What is the relationship between general principles of law and national law in the context of international law?
-General principles of law can be derived from national laws that are recognized by the international community as part of the common legal heritage. While national laws are not direct sources of international law, principles that are universally accepted can be incorporated into the body of general principles of law that guide international legal decisions.
How do general principles of law help in the process of legal reasoning in international courts?
-General principles of law assist in legal reasoning by providing a common ground for interpretation and application of international law. They serve as a basis for analogical reasoning and inductive interpretation, allowing international courts to make decisions that are consistent with the underlying values of justice and fairness across different legal systems.
What are some other examples of general principles of law mentioned in the script?
-Other examples of general principles of law mentioned in the script include the principle of 'bona fide', which emphasizes good faith in legal dealings, and the principle of 'abuse of rights', which prohibits the misuse or abuse of legal rights. These principles reflect fundamental values that are considered universally applicable in the resolution of international disputes.
How can the general principles of law be accessed for further study or reference?
-For further study or reference on general principles of law, one can access the website of the International Court of Justice at www.icj-cij.org, where decisions and resources related to international law, including the application of general principles, are available.
Outlines
📜 Understanding General Principles of Law
The first paragraph introduces the concept of 'general principles of law' (jeron principle of low), as referenced in Article 38(1)(c) of the International Court of Justice Statute. These principles are applied to fill gaps in international law, which often lacks clear legislative authority, law-making procedures, and enforcement mechanisms. The key role of general principles is to ensure the continuation of legal interpretation when treaties and customary international law are insufficient. Legal scholars have debated the necessity and application of these principles, with some like Water Pa emphasizing that judges are obligated to use them to complete the legal framework in international cases.
🌍 The Role of General Principles in International and National Law
This paragraph discusses how general principles of law bridge national and international legal systems. These principles, which are often derived from national laws, are recognized and adopted in international law to address issues where specific treaties or customary laws do not apply. Examples of these principles include 'good faith' (good feat), which governs contracts and agreements, and 'pacta sunt servanda,' which emphasizes that agreements must be kept. The use of such principles demonstrates their universal applicability, highlighting their foundational role in both international and national legal frameworks.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡General Principles of Law
💡International Court of Justice (ICJ)
💡Legal Vacuum
💡Treaties
💡Customary International Law
💡Good Faith (Bona Fides)
💡Pacta Sunt Servanda
💡Indemnity
💡Case Law
💡Statute of the International Court of Justice
Highlights
Discussing the general principles of law in international law as per Article 38(1)(c) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice.
Explaining the role of general principles of law in filling gaps in international law where treaties and customary law do not provide clarity.
The necessity for international judges to use general principles of law to supplement the fabric of international law.
The view that general principles of law are tools for international judges to fill in the gaps in the law.
Agreement among international law scholars that general principles of law are a source of law that complements treaties and customary law.
The idea that general principles of law can originate from natural law and logical principles, as well as from national laws recognized by the international community.
The application of the principle of good faith (good faith must be maintained) in international law.
The principle of pacta sunt servanda, which binds parties to their agreements, is a widely accepted principle in international law.
The principle of bona fide, which requires parties to act in good faith and not to misuse their rights.
The principle of abuse of rights, which prohibits the misuse or abuse of rights granted under international law.
The Corfu Channel case between Germany and Poland, where the Permanent Court of International Justice applied the general principles of law.
Poland's violation of an agreement with Germany led to the court's decision that Poland was liable for damages.
The principle that a state violating an international agreement has the obligation to provide compensation for the damage caused.
The Corfu Channel case as an example of how the general principles of law are applied when there is a breach of international obligations.
The importance of general principles of law in international dispute resolution, as demonstrated by the Corfu Channel case.
The conclusion that general principles of law are integral to the international legal system and are applied by the International Court of Justice.
Transcripts
hai selamat pagi assalamualaikum
warahmatullahi wabarakatuh hari ini kita
akan membahas mengenai prinsip hukum
umum atau jero principle of low yang
sebagaimana kita ketahui dalam pasal 38
ayat satu dari statuta mahkamah
internasional di dalam terdapat berbagai
sumber-sumber hukum yang pada intinya
digunakan oleh mahkamah untuk memutuskan
perkara yang diajukan kepadanya pada
bagian c dari pasal 1 kita menemukan ada
yang dinamakan jenderal principle of
lorek etnis byshaun jadi ini akan kita
coba bahas dikesempatan kali ini aku
kira-kira prinsip-prinsip hukum umum
secara luas diartikan sebagai mekanisme
untuk menangani permasalahan kekosongan
hukum hukum internasional seringkali
dianggap berpotensi untuk memiliki
kekosongan hukum dibandingkan dengan
kondisi yang ada dalam sistem hukum
nasional suatu negara hal ini
dikarenakan hukum internasional tidak
memiliki otoritas legislatif tidak
adanya prosedur pembentukan hukum yang
jelas dan juga mekanisme penegakan
hukumnya pun tidak begitu jelas jadi
fungsi utama dari prinsip hukum umum
atau jendral principle of lo adalah
untuk mengisi kekosongan hukum apabila
kedua sumber hukum yang sebelumnya yaitu
perjanjian internasional dan hukum
kebiasaan internasional tidak memberikan
kejelasan nasib
hai pada awal perkembangan hukum
internasional para ahli tidak mempunyai
pilihan lain kecuali mempergunakan
prinsip hukum umum ini secara luas harus
water pa salah seorang ahli dalam hukum
internasional berpendapat bahwa the
general principles of low arwan of the
tools that the international judge it
not only permitted bet obligated to us
to fill in the gods in the fabric of the
low schmeter of the low complete nah ko
dapat diartikan bahwa prinsip hukum umum
merupakan salah satu alat untuk menutup
atau untuk mengisi kekosongan hukum yang
mungkin timbul selanjutnya salah satu
orang ahli juga dalam hukum
internasional yang bernama agung
kim menyatakan bahwa prinsip hukum um
ini melengkapi sumber hukum yang pertama
dan kedua dikarenakan hukum nasional
tidak dapat dijadikan sumber hukum
internasional ah tetapi mayoritas dari
ahli hukum internasional berpendapat
bahwa tujuan dari dimasukkannya
ketentuan ini adalah untuk memudahkan
mahkamah dalam menggunakan
prinsip-prinsip yang diakui dalam hukum
nasional dan menerapkannya dalam
memutuskan suatu perkara atau suatu
kasus yang dirasakan sesuai dengan
karakter sengketa internasional yang
sedang ditangani tujuan lainnya adalah
untuk memudahkan hakim mahkamah
memperluas penafsiran hukum
internasional dengan cara analogi dengan
menggunakan beberapa prinsip hukum umum
yang
faisal dari aturan tertentu dengan cara
penafsiran induktif prinsip hukum umum
maka bisa diinterpretasikan sebagai
prinsip yang berlaku umum ada di semua
sistem hukum yang ada di dunia merupakan
landasan hukum yang mendasari setiap
aturan hukum internasional dan
prinsip-prinsip ini mungkin berasal dari
prinsip hukum alam dan prinsip-prinsip
juga yang berasal dari logika huda
meliputi hanya prinsip-prinsip yang
berasal dari hukum internasional tapi
juga ada kemungkinan prinsip-prinsip ini
muncul dari hukum nasional yang kemudian
diakui oleh masyarakat internasional
sebagai bagian dari prinsip hukum umum
dan berlaku secara luas kita bisa lihat
contohnya misalnya dengan prinsip good
feat
ndak prinsip agus feat ini diterapkan
atau diterima oleh hampir semua sistem
hukum di dunia kita seringkali melihat
prinsip ini dalam suatu perjanjian atau
dalam hukum nasional kita bisa
menemukannya dalam hukum perdata dimana
ketika melakukan perjanjian harus ada
itikad baik dari masing-masing pihak
disinilah terlihat bahwa memang prinsip
hukum umum ini berlaku dimanapun
diseluruh dunia tidak melihat sistem
hukum yang dianut contoh lainnya kita
bisa melihat dengan prinsip yang
seringkali kita selalu dengar dalam
konteks hukum internasional yaitu fakta
sun servanda kejadian mengikat para
pihak kemudian juga ada prinsip bonafit
kemudian juga ada prinsip abu
hidrolik atau punya larangan untuk
menggunakan menyalahgunakan wewenang
jadi terlihat di sini prinsip hukum umum
itu ada kemungkinan muncul dari prinsip
hukum nasional yang kemudian diakomodir
atau diterapkan dalam konteks hukum
internasional yang membahas mengenai
penggunaan ketentuan dari prinsip hukum
umum yaitu kasus corzo factory quick
antara jermany versus power kasus ini
diajukan ke pc aje permanent court of
internal jas international justice yang
merupakan prosesor dari icd atau
international court of justice kasus ini
terjadi antara jerman dan polandia
terkait perjanjian yang telah dibentuk
antara kedua negara setelah perang dunia
pertama ada suatu wilayah yaitu apel
silesia dan di sana
ia menyerahkan aprilicia ini pada poland
atau pada polandia dengan ampere janjian
bahwa polandia tidak akan mengganggu
galau tidak akan menyita atau menghina
shona lisasi perusahaan milik jerman
tapi pada prakteknya polandia menyita
dua perusahaan jerman sehingga jerman
mengajukan gugatan bye dengan dengan
alasan bahwa polandia telah melanggar
kewajibannya untuk tunduk pada
perjanjian yang mengikat antara jerman
dan polen pada putusan dari pc adj-xy
ice menyatakan bahwa pollen terbukti
bersalah karena telah melanggar
perjanjian yang
tentu atau perjanjian antara jerman
dengan pollen dan setiap pelanggaran
terhadap perjanjian itu melahirkan
kewajiban untuk mengganti kerugian jadi
ipay pcie juga menghelat bahwa polandia
harus memberikan ganti rugi pada jerman
kalau disini kutipannya saya menyebutkan
di pc aja menyatakan merupakan suatu
perjanjian oslo to prinsip hukum
internasional principle of international
law that the repetition of her from may
consist in and indemnity corresponding
to the damage which the national of the
industry khair asal-usul of the eggs
which is contrary to international jadi
prinsip hukum yang diangkat dari kasus
korsel factory chase adalah apabila ada
suatu negara dia melanggar perjanjian
antar negara atau satu kesepakatan dia
mempunyai kewajiban untuk
cruisin atau ganti rugi dan itu menjadi
suatu prinsip hukum yang diterima ketika
ada pelanggaran kewajiban internasional
maka itu menimbulkan kewajiban untuk
memberikan ganti rugi untuk jelasnya
kasus ini dapat dilihat di websitenya
dari ic di www.uij.ac.id demikian yang
bisa disampaikan pada kesempatan hari
ini terkait prinsip hukum umum atau
jendral principle of low sebagaimana ada
di dalam pasal 38 ayat satu poin c dari
statuta mahkamah internasional terima
kasih wassalamualaikum warohmatullohi
wabarokatuh
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