Ultimate LLD and HLD Roadmap | System Design RoadMap | LLD & HLD Topics to be covered for Interview

Summary

In this video, Shreyash Jain outlines the roadmap for his 'Concept Encoding' playlist, focusing on low-level design (LLD) and high-level design (HLD) for system design interviews. He emphasizes the importance of understanding OOPs concepts and SOLID principles for LLD, covering 23 design patterns and their application to interview questions. Jain also discusses the future content, including 'Split Twice Simplify Algorithm' and various system design components like microservices and caching. He invites feedback for improvement and announces an upcoming Spring Boot playlist, promising comprehensive and free system design education.

Takeaways

• 😀 The video is aimed at both newcomers and regular followers of the channel, focusing on system design.
• 🎯 The prerequisite for low-level design is a solid understanding of OOPs concepts like inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.
• 📚 The video emphasizes the importance of the SOLID principles as the foundational step in system design.
• 🔑 The presenter has covered all 23 design patterns, linking them to interview questions and real-world applications.
• 📈 The teaching approach is to integrate design patterns with problem-solving, rather than teaching patterns in isolation.
• 🚀 The video outlines a roadmap for future content, including design patterns and system design questions that are frequently asked in interviews.
• 🔍 The presenter encourages viewers to suggest additional topics or questions to cover, emphasizing the community-driven nature of the content.
• 🛠️ The video mentions the importance of understanding high-level components and concepts for system design, such as TCP, WebSocket, and microservices.
• 📈 The content is structured to build from foundational concepts to more complex system design questions, ensuring a sequential learning process.
• 🌟 The presenter announces the upcoming launch of a Spring Boot playlist, indicating a broadening of the channel's content scope.

Q & A

What is the prerequisite for learning low level design according to the video?

The prerequisite for low level design is a solid understanding of OOPs concepts such as inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.

Why are SOLID principles important in the context of low level design?

SOLID principles are important as they provide a foundational understanding of object-oriented design, which is crucial for tackling low level design problems.

How does the video presenter approach teaching design patterns?

The presenter teaches design patterns by covering a few important ones and then solving related design problems, rather than covering all 23 patterns and then moving on to questions.

What is the significance of the green tick marks and question marks in the video?

The green tick marks indicate that the design patterns have been covered, while the question marks represent topics that are yet to be covered in the playlist.

Can you explain the teaching method the presenter uses for design patterns and interview questions?

The presenter uses a method where they cover important design patterns and then solve interview questions that can be directly addressed using those patterns.

What is the presenter's approach to selecting which interview questions to cover?

The presenter selects interview questions based on their frequency in top product-based companies and includes questions submitted by viewers, ensuring the content is relevant and practical.

Why is 'Splitwise Simplify Algorithm' considered important in the video?

'Splitwise Simplify Algorithm' is important because it is a common interview question that tests the candidate's ability to handle complex algorithmic problems from a low level design perspective.

What does the presenter mean by 'the sequencing of the videos' in the context of the playlist?

The presenter refers to the order in which the videos will be released, which may change depending on priority and viewer feedback, but the teaching pattern will remain consistent.

How does the presenter plan to handle the difference between low level design and high level design in terms of content delivery?

The presenter acknowledges the difference by structuring low level design content in a sequential manner without chapters, as there is no one correct answer, while high level design requires learning specific concepts before solving questions.

What is the presenter's stance on providing free system design education?

The presenter is committed to providing free, high-quality system design education, as evidenced by the depth and breadth of the content, with the goal of making system design knowledge accessible to all.

What new initiative is the presenter working on, as mentioned in the video?

The presenter is working on a Spring Boot playlist, which will be launched after outlining the sequential content, aiming to further assist viewers in their interviews.

Outlines

00:00

📈 Roadmap for Low and High Level Design

Shreyash Jain introduces the video's focus on the future plan for the channel's playlist, specifically targeting low-level design (LLD) and high-level design (HLD). He outlines the prerequisites for LLD, emphasizing the importance of understanding OOPs concepts such as inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. The video will cover SOLID principles, design patterns, and interview-based questions that have been asked in top product-based companies. Shreyash also discusses his teaching approach, which involves covering design patterns and then solving related questions. He invites viewers to suggest additional topics or questions to be included in the playlist.

05:01

🔍 Detailed Breakdown of HLD and Upcoming Content

In the second paragraph, Shreyash delves into the specifics of high-level design, highlighting the need to understand foundational concepts before tackling design questions. He mentions topics such as TCP, WebSocket, HTTP, client-server architecture, CAP theorem, microservices, and consistent hashing, which are crucial for solving complex design problems. He has already covered some of these topics and plans to address others, such as back-of-the-envelope estimation, SQL vs. NoSQL, and rate limiters. Shreyash also announces his intention to cover more advanced components and techniques in future videos, without providing a specific timeline, emphasizing the importance of understanding these components for effective system design.

10:02

🚀 Expanding Content with Spring Boot and Future Plans

Shreyash concludes the video script by discussing his plans to expand the channel's content with a Spring Boot playlist. He is in the process of outlining the videos for this new series and aims to launch it soon. He assures viewers that the focus on LLD and HLD will not be compromised by this new initiative. Shreyash invites feedback from the audience to improve the content and expresses his commitment to providing free, high-quality system design education. He ends the video with a call to action for viewers to engage with the content and contribute to the community, wishing them a happy New Year.

Keywords

💡Low Level Design (LLD)

Low Level Design (LLD) refers to the detailed design of a software system, focusing on the internal workings and the specific algorithms and data structures used. In the video, LLD is emphasized as a crucial aspect for interview preparation, particularly for those new to system design. The script mentions that understanding Object-Oriented Programming (OOPs) principles like inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction is a prerequisite for LLD. The video's roadmap for LLD includes covering design patterns and solving interview questions that utilize these patterns.

💡High Level Design (HLD)

High Level Design (HLD) is the process of defining the overall structure of a system, including its components and their interactions, without delving into the specific implementation details. In the context of the video, HLD is distinguished from LLD by the need to understand certain concepts before solving design problems. The script outlines a roadmap for HLD that includes topics like TCP, WebSocket, HTTP, and microservices design patterns, which are essential for tackling system design questions at a high level.

💡Design Patterns

Design Patterns are reusable solutions to common software design problems. The video script mentions that there are 23 design patterns, and the speaker has covered several of them in a way that integrates their application into solving specific design problems. For instance, the script refers to design patterns being used to solve interview questions like the 'Notify Me Pizza System' and 'Vending Machine', highlighting the practical application of these patterns in system design.

💡SOLID Principles

SOLID is a mnemonic acronym for five design principles intended to make software designs more understandable, flexible, and maintainable. The script specifically mentions that the first principle of SOLID is covered, indicating the importance of these principles in laying a foundational understanding for both LLD and HLD. The principles guide the creation of robust and adaptable software systems, which is a key theme in the video's educational content.

💡Interview Questions

The video script frequently refers to 'interview questions', which are real-world problems that candidates may encounter during technical interviews. These questions are used to assess a candidate's ability to design and reason about software systems. The speaker emphasizes that the questions covered in the video have been asked in interviews at various companies, and they are not fabricated but are based on actual interview experiences, making them highly relevant for viewers preparing for interviews.

💡OOD (Object-Oriented Design)

Object-Oriented Design (OOD) is a methodology for designing software systems based on the concept of 'objects' that interact with each other. The script implies that a strong grasp of OOD principles like encapsulation, abstraction, and inheritance is essential for both LLD and HLD. These principles are foundational for creating modular, reusable, and maintainable code, which is a key focus of the video's content.

💡System Design

System Design is the process of designing and creating systems that involve multiple components. The video is centered around teaching system design, particularly for interviews. The speaker outlines a roadmap for both LLD and HLD, which are integral parts of system design. The script mentions various components and considerations of system design, such as handling large-scale traffic and data storage, which are critical for building scalable and robust systems.

💡DSA (Data Structures and Algorithms)

Data Structures and Algorithms (DSA) are the foundational building blocks of computer science, essential for solving complex computational problems efficiently. The script mentions 'split twice simplify algorithm' as an important aspect of DSA from an LLD perspective. Understanding DSA is crucial for system design interviews, as it helps in creating efficient and optimized solutions, which is a recurring theme in the video's educational material.

💡Consistent Hashing

Consistent Hashing is an algorithm that distributes data across a set of servers in a way that minimizes reorganization when servers are added or removed. The video script includes consistent hashing as a topic to be covered, indicating its importance in high-level system design, particularly in distributed systems. The concept is used to explain how to design systems like databases that require efficient data distribution and retrieval.

💡Microservices

Microservices is an architectural style that structures an application as a collection of loosely coupled services, which implement business capabilities. The script mentions microservices as a key topic in the HLD roadmap, emphasizing the need to understand this architecture for designing scalable and maintainable systems. Microservices are a common approach in modern system design, allowing for flexibility and independence in service development and deployment.

💡CAP Theorem

The CAP Theorem, also known as Brewer's Theorem, states that it is impossible for a distributed system to simultaneously provide more than two out of the following three guarantees: Consistency, Availability, and Partition tolerance. The video script includes the CAP Theorem as a topic for high-level design, highlighting its importance in understanding the trade-offs in system design, particularly in distributed systems. The theorem is a fundamental concept in the field of computer science, especially relevant for designing systems that can handle network partitions and maintain data integrity.

Highlights

Introduction to the concept of encoding with a focus on low-level design (LLD) and high-level design (HLD).

Emphasis on the importance of understanding OOPs fundamentals for LLD.

Solid principles as a prerequisite for LLD, with the first principle being particularly emphasized.

Coverage of 23 design patterns, with a teaching approach that integrates pattern learning with solving design questions.

Explanation of how design patterns are applied to solve specific interview questions like the notify me pizza system.

Revealing that the discussed questions are actual interview questions from top product-based companies.

Future plans for LLD include covering split twice, simplify algorithm, and DSA interview questions.

Invitation for viewers to suggest additional questions for the LLD playlist.

HLD requires understanding concepts like TCP, WebSocket, HTTP, and microservices before solving design questions.

HLD content includes topics like CAP theorem, microservices design patterns, and scaling strategies.

Introduction of back-of-the-envelope estimation as an important skill for system design interviews.

Upcoming HLD videos will cover advanced components like Kafka, CDN, and storage systems.

No fixed timeline for HLD content release due to dependency on bandwidth and priorities.

Announcement of a new Spring Boot playlist in development.

Assurance that the focus on LLD and HLD will not be deviated despite the introduction of the Spring Boot playlist.

Call for feedback from viewers to improve and enhance the content.

Conclusion with a mission statement to provide free and accessible system design education.

Transcripts

hello hey guys welcome to concept

encoding and this is shreyash Jain and

today's video is going to be very very

important for those who are new to this

Channel and for those who are already

following this channel for lld and hld

because today I am going to tell you

about the roadmap the future plan for

this playlist like what we have covered

what we are going to cover what are the

topics which we have to cover so let's

start with the low level design roadmap

So currently the prerequisite for the

low level design is definitely the oops

fundamental

right so if you aware of what is

inheritance polymorphism abstraction you

are good with the low level design right

any language C plus plus Java python all

are good any oopsy oops language is good

to go for the low level design right

second what is the second uh step after

of fundamental that which is the

prerequisite the second is start with

the solid principle

so if you are following my llt playlist

you will know that solid principle I

have protect number one

right so solid is always the number one

and it is give you a base right what is

exactly of principles

after that here comes our design

patterns

right so we have total 23 design

patterns and I have covered this all

green tick marks and this green text

Mark question marks I have covered so my

way of teaching is I don't want to cover

all 23 design patterns and then start

with the questions my way of teaching is

like I covered few important design

patterns and the questions can be solved

on top of it so there are certain

questions which can be solved directly

using the design patterns like notify me

pizza system right here if you see the

vending machine file system ATM so there

are certain question which can be solved

directly via patterns but there are

question in which you use those patterns

right so this is my way of teaching like

instead of putting all design patterns

and then go for questions I covered some

important design pattern and then solved

questions on top of it right and I will

follow the same for the rest of the

design patterns which are pending and

similarly the questions which are

pending I will use the design patterns

right as far as we cover

so till now if you see that the

questions which I have covered and one

more thing I want to tell you that these

questions are not something which I have

come up with myself

these questions these all questions has

been asked in an interview

I will refrain from taking the name of

the companies in which this question

asked but you can just search with the

name question name and see in which

companies it has been asked you will get

a lot all good product based companies

this question has been asked in any one

of the top product based companies some

of the question I got from you guys some

of the questions I have come up after my

analysis like in which company this

which company is asking what a lady

question

so if you see that notify me very

important Pizza Billing System parking

lot very important snake and ladder

elevator system car rental system

like logging system tic-tac-toe game

bookmyshow can see handing vending

machine ATM chess game

file system split twice very very

important so till now we have covered

all those things now what's the future

if you see that this is the up next

split twice simplify algorithm this is

very very important from l d perceptive

plus DSA interview question also we have

to implement also right so this is very

very important

then if you see that this is the list

of the questions which I am going to

cover please go through it

and any questions left or you think

there is another question which I

haven't included it feel free to ping me

on comment I will definitely go through

it and add it into the bucket list

right so this is something I have put in

the note

so what I have meant is like the

sequencing of the videos like here if

you see that the future videos what the

future in which this few videos I am

going to cover the sequencing might be

different like what I have listed here

so let's say listed after split twice

simplify algorithm I have put design

cricbuzz it is possible that I might

cover some other question before

cricbuzz depending upon the priority

let's say if anybody has certain

interview in some companies and

any question which has been frequently

asked and if the request like then I

should uh consider that let's cover

those first

so depending upon the bandwidth

depending upon the priority so the

sequencing to cover this question can be

changed so that just a heads up guys

so but my pattern of teaching will be

same I am going to cover some design

patterns and then I will solve our

questions on top of it okay so this is

low level design and one more thing guys

there is no codes for low level design

like we have in hld

right so actually low level design is

different from actually is like there is

no course chapter one chapter two

chapter three nothing

right so and there is no one correct

answer

so that's why I follow this structured

manner so that it can be learned in a

sequential Manner and important for the

interview also all from this all

everything is from the interview

perspective guys

so now let's come to the hld so as I

told you it is different from already

like why because here we have to first

learn some concept before even we are

able to solve the questions for example

you cannot if you don't know consistent

hashing you cannot come up with an

interview in something

similar to consistent hashing right you

have to know this technology before

so that's why the questions if you see

that the bigger questions certainly lies

at the bottom

of the high level design but if you see

that there are certain question which

lie at the top also

right so here if you see that certain

question lie on the top also so the my

pattern of teaching is same as soon as I

will cover the topics I will solve the

question based on it but if

certain topics are left which has to be

learned before solving the questions so

that's why questions are a little bit

bottom

so now in the hld this again green ones

I have covered right so here if you see

that these are base what is TCP

websocket http webrtc

client server and peer-to-peer

architecture what's the difference cap

theorem very important right

microservices design pattern here in

this Saga is very important

right and

stranglers sometimes are sometimes not

but Saga don't miss it

right this is very important scale from

zero to million user right so based on

top of it information we have done it

right and consistent hashing I have

taught so these are all the topics using

this I am teaching the topics and then

we will solve the question

right so back of the envelope estimation

is a very important many companies ask

this one like uh how many servers you're

gonna need how many memory you're gonna

need we need to know the calculation

dynamodb design key value store where we

use consistent hashing so that's why

it's a sequential

SQL versus no SQL which DB to use very

very important design WhatsApp again

very important rate limiter very

important so this is the upcoming video

here autocomplete system or we can also

say that iPad system

right but after that what you can expect

from the hld so we will cover the more

agility components right like Kafka cues

proxies of our CDN storage type block

storage file storage S3 raid file system

Bloom filters Markle Street gaussian

protocols right caching

so this is all the high level components

right or you can say that tax

which we have to know because in when we

will solve this question right we are

going to use this one

then how to scale database so horizontal

vertical partnering mirroring leader

election indexing all this thing we

should know then only we can be able to

solve this question right so again guys

here I will try I will not give any

timeline because it's depend upon my

bandwidth but I will try to cover as

soon as possible these things

but these are the roadmap which I am

following for the high level and low

level design but and I can pretty much

tell you that you will not find this

content on any of the paid contents also

this kind of breadth and this kind of

depth

right so I hope you are enjoying the

content and stay tuned and last those

who stay till now I want to tell you

that there is one more I want to tell

you that latest update or you can say

that news that I have started working on

a spring boot playlist man

I am listing down all the sequential

wise videos I have to cover and once I

am done with this most probably by Fab I

will be launching this playlist and I

hope that would help you more in your

interviews right but let's but again I

promise you that low level design and

high level design Focus will not going

to uh deviated because of the

springboard playlist it's all just I

have to manage but yes for sure these

are more priorities and I am totally in

line what we have to cover

okay guys now I hope you know little bit

how we are going

where we are going in 2023 what all you

can expect from this channel any

feedback you have for me if something

you have in your mind can be improved

please share in the comment section I

will definitely love to improvise like

any feedback I can definitely enhance my

content so I'm open for the feedback

guys so let's work together let's make

don't pay for system design system

design let it be what I say is like

system design for all system design is

free so let's continue work toward it

have a good day guys and happy New Year

bye