SEJARAH BANDUNG LAUTAN API 23 MARET 1946
Summary
TLDROn March 23, 1946, Bandung, West Java, witnessed a significant event in Indonesia's struggle for independence. Known as 'Bandung Lautan Api', approximately 200,000 residents set their homes ablaze to prevent Allied and Dutch forces from using the city as a military base. This act of defiance was strategized by General Ahmad Nasution and other military leaders after receiving an ultimatum from the British. The term 'Bandung Lautan Api' was popularized by journalist Atje Bastaman, who reported on the fiery scene. The event led to guerrilla warfare and is remembered as a symbol of resistance, inspiring the song 'Halo-halo Bandung', reflecting the emotions of freedom fighters awaiting their return to the beloved city turned into a sea of fire.
Takeaways
- 🔥 'Bandung Lautan Api' refers to a significant historical event where the city of Bandung was set ablaze on March 23, 1946.
- 🏠 Approximately 200,000 residents burned their homes and fled to the mountains to prevent Allied and Dutch forces from using Bandung as a military base.
- 🗣️ The term 'Bandung Lautan Api' became widely known after the incident, which was a strategic decision made by General Ahmad Nasution and others during a meeting in Bandung.
- 📰 The phrase was first used by young journalist Atje Bastaman in the newspaper Suara Merdeka in March 1946, after witnessing the burning city from a hilltop.
- 🛡️ Tensions escalated when the British forces demanded all weapons from the Indonesian population and began actions that disturbed security, leading to armed conflicts.
- 💥 A fierce battle ensued after the British issued an ultimatum for the evacuation of North Bandung, which was strategically burned to prevent its use by foreign forces.
- 👥 The decision to burn Bandung was made collectively by the Majelis Persatuan Perjuangan Priangan (MPP), representing the Republic of Indonesia's fighting forces.
- 👨👩👧👦 The evacuation was a massive operation involving the local population and the military, leaving the city intentionally in flames.
- 🎵 The event inspired the creation of the song 'Halo-halo Bandung,' which became a symbol of the emotions experienced by the freedom fighters during the Indonesian War of Independence.
- 🏙️ The burning of Bandung is considered a correct strategic move in the context of the war for independence, given the disparity in forces between the Indonesian militia and the Allied and Dutch forces.
Q & A
What is the 'Bandung Lautan Api' event?
-Bandung Lautan Api refers to a significant historical event where a large fire was intentionally set in the city of Bandung, West Java, on March 23, 1946, to prevent Allied and Dutch forces from using the city as a military base during the Indonesian War of Independence.
Why did the residents of Bandung set fire to their homes?
-The residents of Bandung set fire to their homes to prevent the Allied and Dutch forces from using the city as a strategic military base, thus sacrificing their homes for the cause of Indonesian independence.
Who was General Ahmad Nasution and what was his role in the Bandung Lautan Api?
-General Ahmad Nasution was a key military figure who played a strategic role in the Bandung Lautan Api. He decided on the scorched-earth policy after receiving an ultimatum from the British forces, aiming to deny the enemy the use of Bandung.
What was the term 'Bandung Lautan Api' originally coined by?
-The term 'Bandung Lautan Api' was originally coined by a young journalist, Atje Bastaman, who witnessed the burning of Bandung from a hill and reported it in the newspaper Suara Merdeka.
How did the British forces respond to the situation in Bandung?
-The British forces, particularly the brigade led by Brigadier McDonald, arrived in Bandung and demanded that all weapons be handed over to them. This led to tensions and eventually armed conflict between the British and the Indonesian forces.
What was the ultimatum given by Brigadier McDonald to the Governor of West Java?
-Brigadier McDonald issued an ultimatum demanding that the northern part of Bandung be evacuated by the Indonesian population and armed forces, including the TKR (Indonesian National Army).
Who were Muhammad Toha and Ramdan, and what did they do during the Bandung Lautan Api?
-Muhammad Toha and Ramdan were members of the Indonesian people's militia (BRI) who carried out a mission to destroy a large ammunition depot owned by the Allied forces. Muhammad Toha successfully detonated the depot, resulting in a massive explosion and fire that consumed both of them.
What was the outcome of the Bandung Lautan Api for the city and its residents?
-The Bandung Lautan Api resulted in the city being largely abandoned by its residents, with significant parts of it being burned to the ground. The residents were forced to evacuate, and the city was left in ruins, but the event is considered a strategic move in the Indonesian struggle for independence.
How did the Bandung Lautan Api influence the Indonesian War of Independence?
-The Bandung Lautan Api was a symbolic act of defiance and a strategic move that denied the enemy a significant base of operations. It also galvanized the Indonesian forces to continue their guerrilla resistance from outside the city, contributing to the eventual success of the Indonesian War of Independence.
What is the significance of the 'Halo-halo Bandung' song in relation to the Bandung Lautan Api?
-The 'Halo-halo Bandung' song was officially written as a tribute to the emotions experienced by the freedom fighters of the Republic of Indonesia during the Bandung Lautan Api, as they waited to return to their beloved city that had become a sea of fire.
Outlines
🔥 The Bandung Sea of Fire Incident
The 'Bandung Lautan Api' incident refers to a significant event on March 23, 1946, where approximately 200,000 residents of Bandung, West Java, set fire to their homes and fled to the mountains in South Bandung. This drastic measure was taken to prevent the Allied and Dutch forces from using Bandung as a strategic military base during the Indonesian War of Independence. The term 'Bandung Lautan Api' became widely known after this event. General Ahmad Nasution, during a meeting on Jalan Dewi Sartika, decided on the strategy to be taken against Bandung after receiving an ultimatum from the British. The term was also used in the newspaper 'Suara Merdeka' in March 1946, where a young journalist, Atje Bastaman, witnessed the burning of Bandung from Mount Leutik and reported it, although the title was shortened due to space constraints. The British forces, particularly the McDonald Brigade, had a tense relationship with the Republic of Indonesia's government, demanding the surrender of all weapons except for the TKR. This led to armed conflicts, and the British issued an ultimatum for the evacuation of North Bandung by the Indonesian forces and population. The decision to burn Bandung was made through a consensus by the Priangan Struggle Union Council (MP3), and Colonel Abdul Haris Nasution announced the results of this meeting.
🏃♂️ The Evacuation and Burning of Bandung
Following the consensus reached during the musyawarah, a large group of Bandung residents began to evacuate the city on the same day, leaving it to be deliberately burned by the TNI and local people to prevent its use as a strategic military base by the Allies. The burning resulted in a massive smoke cloud, plunging the city into darkness as all electricity was lost. The British forces began their attack, leading to intense battles, particularly in Dayah Kolot, South Bandung, where a large ammunition depot owned by the Allied forces was located. Two members of the Indonesian militia, Muhammad Toha and Ramdan, embarked on a mission to destroy the depot. Muhammad Toha successfully detonated the depot with dynamite, resulting in a massive explosion and fire that consumed both of them. The Bandung government staff initially planned to stay within the city but eventually joined the evacuation for safety reasons. By midnight, South Bandung was largely empty of residents, yet the fires continued to burn, turning the city into a sea of fire. This act of burning was considered a correct strategy in the Indonesian War of Independence, given the disparity in forces between the Indonesian militia and the Allies. After the incident, the Indonesian forces continued their resistance through guerrilla warfare outside Bandung. The 'halo-halo Bandung' song was later created to commemorate the emotions experienced by the freedom fighters of the Republic of Indonesia as they awaited their return to their beloved city, which had become a sea of fire.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Bandung Lautan Api
💡Indonesian War of Independence
💡Ahmad Nasution
💡Brigade McDonald
💡Gudang Amunisi
💡Muhammad Toha and Ramdan
💡Tentara Republik Indonesia (TRI)
💡Pembumihangusan
💡Gerilya
💡Halo-halo Bandung
Highlights
The Bandung Sea of Fire was a significant event where around 200,000 residents burned their homes to prevent Allied and Dutch forces from using Bandung as a military base during the Indonesian War of Independence.
The term 'Bandung Sea of Fire' became widely known after the event, which was a strategic decision made by General Ahmad Nasution and others during a meeting in Bandung.
A journalist named Atje Bastaman witnessed the burning of Bandung from a hill and later wrote a news article that helped popularize the term 'Bandung Sea of Fire'.
The British forces, part of the McDonald brigade, arrived in Bandung and demanded the surrender of all weapons held by the Indonesian people, leading to tensions and eventual armed conflict.
The British issued an ultimatum to the Governor of West Java, requiring the evacuation of North Bandung by the Indonesian population and armed forces.
The decision to burn Bandung was made collectively by the Majelis Persatuan Perjuangan Priangan (MPP), representing the fighting forces of the Republic of Indonesia.
Colonel Abdul Haris Nasution announced the decision to evacuate and burn Bandung, leading to a mass exodus of its residents.
The intentional burning of Bandung by the TNI and local people was a strategic move to deny the Allied forces the use of the city as a strategic military base.
The burning resulted in a massive black smoke cloud, power outages, and the beginning of a fierce battle between the British forces and the Indonesian fighters.
Two militia members, Muhammad Toha and Ramdan, played a crucial role in destroying a large ammunition warehouse owned by the Allied forces.
The government staff of Bandung initially stayed in the city but later joined the evacuation for safety reasons.
The burning of Bandung is considered a correct strategy in the Indonesian War of Independence, given the disparity in forces between the Indonesian fighters and the Allied and Dutch forces.
After the event, the Indonesian fighters continued their resistance through guerrilla warfare outside of Bandung.
The 'Halo-halo Bandung' song was later officially written to commemorate the emotions experienced by the Indonesian freedom fighters during the Sea of Fire event.
The Sea of Fire event and the subsequent guerrilla warfare are seen as significant parts of Indonesia's struggle for independence.
Transcripts
Halo Bandung Lautan Api peristiwa
Bandung Lautan Api adalah peristiwa
kebakaran besar yang terjadi di kota
Bandung provinsi Jawa Barat 23 Maret
1946 dalam waktu 7 jam sekitar 200 ribu
penduduk Bandung membakar rumah mereka
meninggalkan kota menuju pegunungan di
daerah Selatan Bandung Hal ini dilakukan
untuk mencegah tentara sekutu dan
tentara NICA Belanda untuk dapat
menggunakan Kota Bandung sebagai markas
strategi militer dalam perang
kemerdekaan Indonesia istilah Bandung
Lautan Api sendiri menjadi istilah yang
terkenal setelah peristiwa
pembumihangusan tersebut Jenderal Ahmad
Nasution
Wu dalam pertemuan di Regents week
sekitar Jalan Dewi Sartika setelah
kembali dari pertemuannya dengan Sutan
Syahrir di Jakarta Ia memutuskan
strategi yang akan dilakukan terhadap
kota Bandung setelah menerima ultimatum
Inggris tersebut jadi saya kembali dari
Jakarta setelah bicara dengan Syahrir
itu memang pembicaraan itu di Regent
switch di pertemuan itu Berbicaralah
semua orang nah disitu timbul pendapat
dari rukana komandan polisi militer di
Bandung dia berpendapat Mari kita bikin
Bandung Selatan menjadi lautan api yang
dia sebut Lautan Api tetapi sebenarnya
lautan air Ahmad Nasution 1 Mei 1997
istilah Bandung Lautan Api muncul pula
di harian Suara Merdeka tanggal
Maret 1946 seorang wartawan muda saat
itu yaitu atje Bastaman menyaksikan
pemandangan pembakaran Bandung dari
bukit Gunung Leutik di sekitar
Pameungpeuk Garut dari puncak itu Aceh
Bastaman melihat Bandung yang memerah
dari Cicadas sampai dengan Cimindi
Setelah tiba di Tasikmalaya AC Bastaman
dengan bersemangat segera menulis berita
dan memberi judul Bandung jadi lautan
api Namun karena kurangnya ruang untuk
tulisan judulnya maka judul pun
diperpendek menjadi Bandung Lautan Api
sedikit kisah yang melatarbelakangi
istilah Bandung Lautan Api kala itu
pasukan Inggris bagian dari briged
McDonald tiba di Bandung pada tanggal 12
cover
Hai sejak semula hubungan mereka dengan
pemerintah Republik Indonesia sudah
tegang mereka menuntut agar semua
senjata api yang ada di tangan penduduk
kecuali TKR diserahkan kepada mereka
orang-orang Belanda yang baru dibebaskan
dari kamp tawanan mulai melakukan
tindakan-tindakan yang mulai mengganggu
keamanan akibatnya bentrokan bersenjata
antara Inggris dan TKR tidak dapat
dihindari
Hai malam tanggal 21 November 1945 3R
dan badan-badan perjuangan melancarkan
serangan terhadap kedudukan kedudukan
Inggris di bagian Utara termasuk Hotel
Homann dan hotel Preanger yang mereka
gunakan sebagai markas tiga hari
kemudian McDonald menyampaikan ultimatum
kepada Gubernur Jawa Barat agar Bandung
Utara dikosongkan oleh penduduk
Indonesia termasuk pasukan bersenjata
ultimatum tentara sekutu agar tentara
Republik Indonesia atau teri sebutan
bagi TNI Pada masa itu meninggalkan kota
Bandung mendorong TVRI punthuk melakukan
operasi bumi hangus para pejuang pihak
Republik Indonesia tidak rela bila Kota
Bandung dimanfaatkan oleh pihak Sekutu
dan Liga
Hai keputusan untuk membumihanguskan
Bandung diambil melalui musyawarah
majelis persatuan perjuangan Priangan
atau yang disingkat MP3 di hadapan semua
kekuatan perjuangan pihak Republik
Indonesia pada tanggal 23 Maret 1946
Kolonel Abdul Haris Nasution selaku
komandan divisi 3 TVRI mengumkan hasil
musyawarah tersebut dan memerintahkan
evakuasi Kota Bandung hari itu juga
rombongan besar penduduk Bandung
mengalir panco meninggalkan kota Bandung
dan malam itu pembakaran kota
berlangsung Bandung sengaja dibakar oleh
TNI dan rakyat setempat dengan maksud
agar sekutu tidak dapat menggunakan
Bandung sebagai markas strategi militer
dimana-mana asap hitam mengepul
membubung tinggi dan semua listrik mati
tentara Inggris mulai menyerang sehingga
pertempuran sengit terjadi pertempuran
yang paling besar terjadi di Desa Dayah
kolot sebelah Selatan Bandung dimana
terdapat gudang amunisi besar milik
tentara sekutu dalam pertempuran ini
Muhammad Toha dan Ramdan dua anggota
milisi BRI barisan rakyat Indonesia
terjun dalam misi untuk menghancurkan
gudang amunisi tersebut Muhammad Toha
berhasil meledakkan gudang tersebut
dengan dinamit gudang besar itu meledak
dan terbakar bersama kedua medici
tersebut didalamnya
Hai staf pemerintahan Kota Bandung pada
mulanya akan tetap tinggal di dalam kota
tetapi demi keselamatan mereka maka pada
pukul sembilan malam itu juga ikut dalam
rombongan yang mengevakuasi dari Bandung
Sejak saat itu kurang lebih 24.00 atau
tengah malam Bandung Selatan telah
kosong dari penduduk dan Dr yg tetapi
Api masih membubung membakar kota
sehingga Bandung pun menjadi lautan api
pembumihangusan Bandung tersebut
dianggap merupakan strategi yang tepat
dalam perang kemerdekaan Indonesia
karena kekuatan teri dan milisi rakyat
tidak sebanding dengan kekuatan pihak
sekutu dan NICA yang berjumlah besar
setelah peristiwa tersebut teri bersama
milisi rakyat melakukan perlawanan
secara gerilya dari luar Bandung
peristiwa inilah yang mengilhami
OK Google halo-halo Bandung yang nama
penciptanya masih menjadi bahan
perdebatan beberapa tahun kemudian lagu
halo-halo Bandung secara resmi ditulis
menjadi kenangan akan emosi yang para
pejuang kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia
alami saat itu menunggu untuk kembali ke
kota tercinta mereka yang telah menjadi
lautan api Mari
[Musik]
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