40 Years of Hydrothermal Vent Exploration | Nautilus Live

EVNautilus

18 Dec 201705:41

Summary

TLDRThe video explores hydrothermal vents, focusing on their geological significance and the unique ecosystems they support. Divers and scientists marvel at the geothermal springs, which are believed to be the cradle of life on Earth. They discuss the absence of megafauna and the prevalence of bacterial life, highlighting the vents' importance to biologists, chemists, geologists, and physicists. The footage captures the VanDamme Vent System, with its diverse marine life, including white shrimp that lack pigment and eyes. The video also covers the discovery of hydrothermal vents by Bob Ballard and the extreme conditions found near these vents, such as the black smokers with their high temperatures and metal concentrations. The expedition team sets up instruments to collect data and samples tube worms, emphasizing the role of chemosynthesis in this deep-sea environment.

Takeaways

🌋 Life on Earth may have originated in geothermal springs, which are considered the cradle of life.
🐚 The hydrothermal vents at 77 featured a diverse ecosystem including giant clams and megafauna.
🦠 The area discussed is primarily a bacterial-driven life system, which forms the basis for more complex life forms.
💧 The water temperatures vary at hydrothermal vents, with shimmering and bubbling water observed.
🌐 Hydrothermal vents are found near volcanically active areas where tectonic plates are moving apart.
🦐 White shrimp, lacking pigment and eyes, were observed, relying on light sensors for navigation.
🔥 Hydrothermal vents can reach temperatures over 326.6 degrees Celsius, much hotter than water's boiling point.
🌿 Life around the vents is based on chemosynthesis, a process where bacteria reduce hydrogen sulfide.
🔬 The Benthic and Resistivity Sensor (BARS) will be used to collect continuous data at the hydrothermal vents.
🌍 The exploration took place at the Endeavor segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge, off the coast of Vancouver Island, Canada.

Q & A

What is the likely origin of life on Earth according to the speaker?
-The speaker suggests that life on Earth likely began in a geothermal spring.
What type of life system is present at the location described in the script?
-The location described has a bacterial-driven life system, which is considered fundamental.
What do hydrothermal vents contribute to the study of various scientific fields?
-Hydrothermal vents are of interest to biologists for the life they support, to chemists for the chemistry of the planet, to geologists, and to physicists as they help calculate the heat budget of the planet.
What is the VanDamme Vent System and where is it located?
-The VanDamme Vent System is located in the central part of the Mid-Cayman Rise.
Why are the white shrimp at the hydrothermal vents considered fascinating?
-The white shrimp are fascinating because they lack pigment and eyes, instead having light sensors that help them navigate.
What is a hydrothermal vent and where are they typically found?
-A hydrothermal vent is a fissure in the Earth's surface from which geothermally heated water emerges, typically found near volcanically active places where tectonic plates are moving apart.
Who was the first person to discover hydrothermal vents in the Galapagos?
-Bob Ballard was the first person to discover hydrothermal vents in the Galapagos.
What are black smokers and how do they relate to hydrothermal vents?
-Black smokers are formations created by hydrothermal vents, where hot, mineral-rich water is expelled into the surrounding cold water, creating a 'smoke' of suspended particles.
What is chemosynthesis and how does it relate to life around hydrothermal vents?
-Chemosynthesis is a process where certain bacteria convert hydrogen sulfide into energy, forming the base of the food chain and supporting life around hydrothermal vents in the absence of sunlight.
What is the significance of the location described as the Endeavor segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge?
-The Endeavor segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge is significant as it is a spreading center between the Pacific plate and the Juan de Fuca plate, and it is home to various hydrothermal vents.
What is the purpose of the Benthic and Resistivity Sensor (BARS) instrument mentioned in the script?
-The BARS instrument is set up to collect continuous data over the next year or more at the hydrothermal vent site to monitor and study the underwater environment.