Sverige under mellankrigstiden förklarat | HISTORIA | Gymnasienivå

Summary

The script explores Sweden's transformation during the interwar period, a time of peace between World War I and II. It highlights the country's shift from a rural to an industrial society, marked by urbanization and technological advancements. The era saw the introduction of radio, women's suffrage, and significant social reforms. Despite the 'Roaring Twenties' and attempts at modernization, the Great Depression brought economic hardship and social unrest, leading to numerous strikes and the tragic events of Ådalen in 1931. The period also witnessed the rise of the welfare state and the concept of 'folkhemmet,' aiming for a more equal society, yet it faced challenges like eugenics and class disparities.

Takeaways

• 🕰️ The interwar period, known as 'Mellankrigstiden' in Swedish, was a time of significant change and transformation between the two World Wars.
• 🌐 Sweden was not directly involved in World War I, but the country was heavily influenced by the food crises and the war situation in Europe.
• 🏭 Post-war, Sweden experienced increased industrialization, leading to urbanization as people moved from rural areas to cities for jobs and a new way of life.
• 📻 The advent of radio brought the world into Swedish homes, becoming a significant source of education and entertainment.
• 👗 The 1920s were dubbed 'the Roaring Twenties' in Sweden, with a cultural shift towards modernity, new fashions, and a desire for fun and leisure.
• 🗳️ Swedish women gained the right to vote in 1921, marking a significant step towards democratization and gender equality.
• 🏭 The Great Depression of the 1930s had a profound impact on Sweden, leading to high unemployment, economic instability, and social unrest.
• 👷‍♂️ The interwar period saw a rise in labor strikes in Sweden, reflecting the tensions between workers and employers and the struggle for better working conditions.
• 🏡 The concept of 'folkhemmet' or 'the people's home' emerged in Sweden, emphasizing social welfare and the idea of a society for all.
• 🛠️ The 1930s brought about a welfare offensive with new reforms aimed at creating economic equality and improving living standards for all citizens.

Q & A

What is the 'Mellankrigstiden' referring to in the script?

The 'Mellankrigstiden' refers to the period between the First and Second World Wars, a time when the world was transitioning from the aftermath of one major conflict to the buildup of another.

How did the end of World War I affect Sweden, as mentioned in the script?

Although Sweden did not participate in World War I, it was significantly affected by the food crises and the war situation in Europe. The country had to recover and return to normalcy after the war.

What technological advancement is highlighted in the script as having a significant impact on daily life during the interwar period?

The script highlights the advent of the radio as a significant technological advancement that brought the world into people's homes, making education and entertainment more accessible and a part of everyday life.

What was the impact of industrialization on Sweden's population during the interwar period?

Industrialization led to an increase in urbanization, with many people moving to cities for jobs, entertainment, and independence. This shift resulted in a decrease in the need for agricultural workers due to mechanization.

How did the interwar period in Sweden reflect a push towards modernization and what were some of the changes?

The interwar period in Sweden was marked by a push towards modernization, with an increase in industrialization, the rise of new industries, and the adoption of new technologies such as the radio, all aiming to create a more modern and improved society.

What significant political change occurred for women in Sweden during the interwar period?

During the interwar period, Swedish women gained the right to vote, which was a significant political change. The script mentions the 1921 election as the time when almost all adult Swedes could vote for members of parliament.

What was the term used in the script to describe the 1920s in Sweden, and why was it called so?

The term used in the script to describe the 1920s in Sweden is 'det glada 20-talet', which translates to 'the happy 20s'. It was called so because it was a time of modern breakthroughs, new goods, and a general sense of optimism and fun after the war years.

How did the economic crisis in the United States affect Sweden, as discussed in the script?

The economic crisis in the United States, leading to the Great Depression, affected Sweden by causing a downturn in the global economy. Swedish businesses tried to cope by reducing production, laying off workers, and lowering wages, which increased unemployment and led to a more challenging period.

What was the 'folkhemmet' concept mentioned in the script, and how did it influence Sweden's social policies?

The 'folkhemmet' concept, or 'people's home', was a vision of a society where all citizens were considered equal members of a larger community. It influenced Sweden's social policies by promoting social reforms aimed at creating a more equal and inclusive society, with initiatives like better housing, healthcare, and social welfare.

How did the script describe the changes in the Swedish education system during the interwar period?

The script describes the Swedish education system during the interwar period as having three main tracks: folkskola for the majority, läroverk, and flickskola. It also mentions the introduction of the parallel school system, which was criticized for perpetuating class and gender differences. However, reforms in 1927 led to most students starting together in folkskola, mixing different classes and becoming a symbol of Sweden's educational approach.