Feedback Mechanisms in Female Reproductive System | Grade 10 Science DepEd MELC Quarter 3 Module 2
Summary
TLDRThis educational video delves into the female reproductive system's feedback mechanisms, explaining the menstrual cycle's hormonal control. It covers the roles of estrogen and progesterone, the impact of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and the processes of ovulation and menstruation. The video also touches on the negative feedback mechanism that regulates hormone levels and contrasts it with the positive feedback during labor. It concludes with a teaser for the next topic on how the nervous system maintains homeostasis.
Takeaways
- 📅 The menstrual cycle is a monthly hormonal process in females, typically lasting about 28 days, preparing the body for potential pregnancy.
- 🌡️ Hormones play a crucial role in controlling the timing and changes within the female reproductive system, including the development of the ovum and the uterus.
- 🔄 The cycle is regulated by a feedback mechanism involving hormones such as estrogen, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH).
- 🥚 Ovaries release one egg every 28 days, and this process is controlled by FSH, which is produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
- 🌱 The follicle, which contains the ovum, matures under the influence of rising FSH levels, leading to increased estrogen production.
- 🌕 If the ovum is not fertilized, the corpus luteum degenerates, stopping progesterone production, which triggers the breakdown of the uterine lining and menstruation.
- 🌱 The menstrual cycle includes the follicular phase, ovulation, corpus luteum phase, and menstrual flow, each characterized by specific hormonal changes.
- 🤰 Pregnancy can interrupt the cycle; if it does not occur, the cycle repeats, demonstrating the body's continuous preparation for potential fertilization.
- 😣 Menstrual cramps are caused by strong uterine contractions and are linked to the secretion of prostaglandins, which result from the shedding of the uterine endometrium.
- 🔁 Feedback mechanisms, such as the negative feedback involving estrogen and progesterone, and positive feedback during labor, are integral to the menstrual cycle and childbirth.
Q & A
What is the primary function of the menstrual cycle?
-The primary function of the menstrual cycle is to prepare a woman's body for a possible pregnancy each month.
How often does an ovary typically release an egg?
-An ovary typically releases one egg every 28 days.
What hormone is responsible for stimulating the maturation of the follicle and the production of estrogen?
-Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) is responsible for stimulating the maturation of the follicle and the production of estrogen.
What happens if an ovum is not fertilized?
-If an ovum is not fertilized, the corpus luteum degenerates, progesterone production stops, and the uterine lining breaks down, leading to menstruation.
What is the role of estrogen in the menstrual cycle?
-Estrogen plays a role in the development of female characteristics, thickening of the endometrium, and signaling the pituitary gland to secrete luteinizing hormone.
At what stage of the cycle does ovulation typically occur?
-Ovulation typically occurs on the 14th day of the menstrual cycle.
What is the function of the corpus luteum in the female reproductive system?
-The corpus luteum produces estrogen and progesterone, which prepare the uterine wall for the possible implantation of a fertilized egg.
How does the menstrual cycle respond to stress and health concerns?
-Stress and health concerns can interrupt the menstrual cycle, potentially affecting the timing and regularity of its stages.
What is the positive feedback mechanism during labor and childbirth?
-During labor and childbirth, the baby's head pressing down on the cervix stimulates the release of oxytocin, which in turn causes further contractions until the baby is born.
What is the role of the pituitary gland in the menstrual cycle?
-The pituitary gland plays a crucial role by secreting follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), which control the development of the follicles, ovulation, and the formation of the corpus luteum.
How does the endometrium change throughout the menstrual cycle?
-The endometrium goes through a series of changes: it builds up during the proliferative phase due to estrogen, doubles in thickness during the secretory phase due to progesterone, and breaks down during menstruation.
Outlines
🌟 Introduction to the Female Reproductive System
This paragraph introduces the topic of the video, which is the feedback mechanism in the female reproductive system. It discusses the menstrual cycle, the role of hormones in controlling the reproductive system, and the process of ovulation. The paragraph explains that the ovary releases one egg every 28 days, and this cycle is regulated by hormones such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estrogen. It also mentions the role of the corpus luteum and the process of menstruation if fertilization does not occur.
🔄 The Menstrual Cycle and Hormonal Feedback Mechanisms
This paragraph delves into the details of the menstrual cycle, explaining the stages and the hormonal changes that occur. It describes the follicle stage, ovulation, the corpus luteum stage, and the menstrual flow stage. The paragraph also discusses the negative feedback mechanism where high levels of estrogen and progesterone inhibit the release of FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH). Additionally, it touches upon the positive feedback mechanism during labor and childbirth, where oxytocin release leads to stronger contractions.
📚 Summary of Hormonal Functions and Anticipating the Next Topic
The final paragraph summarizes the functions of key hormones in the female reproductive system, such as estrogen, progesterone, LH, and FSH. It provides a brief overview of where these hormones are produced and their roles in the menstrual cycle. The paragraph concludes by hinting at the next topic of discussion, which will be the coordination and regulation of these feedback mechanisms by the nervous system to maintain homeostasis.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Menstrual Cycle
💡Ovum
💡Hormones
💡Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
💡Estrogen
💡Ovulation
💡Corpus Luteum
💡Progesterone
💡Menstruation
💡Feedback Mechanism
Highlights
The female reproductive system is controlled by hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle.
An ovary normally releases one egg every 28 days, a process controlled by hormones.
Hormones coordinate the development of the ovum and the uterus.
The menstrual cycle, which starts between ages 10 to 13 and lasts for about 40 years, involves monthly changes in the female reproductive system.
The follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) controls the cycle from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
The follicle becomes filled with fluid containing estrogen as it matures.
If an ovum is not fertilized, the corpus luteum degenerates, leading to menstruation.
Female sex hormones control secondary sex characteristics and the ovarian and uterine cycle.
Puberty in females includes development of secondary sex characteristics and the onset of menstruation.
The pituitary gland initiates hormonal changes at puberty, making a woman capable of pregnancy.
The typical menstrual cycle is about 28 days, with changes in the ovary and uterus.
At the cycle's start, the pituitary gland secretes increased amounts of FSH, stimulating follicle formation.
Luteinizing hormone (LH) triggers ovulation, releasing the mature egg.
The corpus luteum produces estrogen and progesterone, preparing the uterine wall for a fertilized egg.
A rise in estrogen and progesterone inhibits the secretion of LH and FSH, controlling the cycle.
Menstruation is the discharge of uterine tissues when the corpus luteum degenerates.
The menstrual cycle includes the follicle stage, ovulation stage, corpus luteum stage, and menstrual flow stage.
Menstrual cramps are caused by strong uterine contractions and prostaglandin secretion.
A feedback mechanism influences the levels of hormones in the menstrual cycle, such as estrogen and progesterone.
Labor is initiated by a positive feedback mechanism where oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions.
Transcripts
[Music]
hi there
in our previous lesson we talked about
the male
and female reproductive systems as well
as its hormones
in this video we will talk about the
feedback mechanism
in the female reproductive system so
let's get started
we have previously discussed that an
ovary normally releases
only one egg every 28 days
what controls the timing are the
hormones
hormones control many of the changes in
the reproductive system
they also coordinate the development of
the ovum and the uterus
remember that hormones are chemicals
that can affect
certain body organs this cycle among
females
occurs every month starting when a
female is between
10 to 13 years old and it continues for
about 40 years
this is called the menstrual cycle
the human ovaries can usually produce
only one
egg during a 28-day cycle of activity
the mass of ovarian cells produces an
ovum or an
egg and it also forms a follicle the
cycle is controlled by the follicle
stimulating hormone
this hormone is produced in the anterior
lobe of the pituitary gland
the follicle becomes filled with a fluid
containing the hormone estrogen
when the egg reaches maturity most
importantly
the rising level of follicle stimulating
hormone stimulates follicle maturation
and estrogen production
if an ovum is not fertilized in the
fallopian tube
the corpus luteum degenerates
progesterone production stops
and the inside membrane of the uterus
breaks down
the breakdown and discharge of the soft
uterine tissues
and the fertilized egg is called
menstruation
these are the monthly changes that take
place in the female reproductive system
the female sex hormones control the
secondary sex characteristics
as well as the ovarian and uterine cycle
like males females secrete follicle
stimulating hormone
and luteinizing hormone as directed by
the pituitary gland during puberty
this signals the start of puberty which
includes the development of the
secondary sex characteristics in females
and the onset of menstruation a female
experiences
body changes even before the first
menstruation
which is also known as menarche
at puberty the pituitary gland starts a
series of hormonal changes
that make a woman capable of pregnancy
these hormonal changes
and the effects they produce is called
the menstrual cycle
while the length of this cycle varies
the typical cycle
is about 28 days during this process
changes in both the ovary and the uterus
take place
[Music]
at the start of the cycle the pituitary
gland secretes
increased amounts of follicle
stimulating hormone
and this stimulates the formation of
follicles in the ovaries
estrogen is also secreted as the
follicle cells develop
when the follicle cells multiply the
cells signal an increased
level of estrogen in the blood and the
pituitary gland secretes luteinizing
hormone
which stimulates ovulation
ovulation is the releasing of the mature
egg
it usually occurs on the 14th day of the
cycle
during ovulation the egg is ready for
fertilization within 24 hours from its
release
under the influence of luteinizing
hormone the cells of the ruptured
follicle
develop into a yellow body called the
corpus luteum
the yellow body then produces more
estrogen and progesterone
both hormones prepare the uterine wall
for the possible implantation of a
fertilized egg
the rise in the level of estrogen
progesterone exerts a feedback control
over the pituitary gland to inhibit the
secretion of luteinizing hormone
and follicle stimulating hormone the
corpus luteum
is deprived of the hormones that contain
it with the drop in the amount of these
two hormones
hence the corpus luteum begins to
degenerate
thus the gland's influence on the
progesterone level
will affect the endometrial wall in a
domino effect
a series of changes also happens in the
uterus
as a consequence of the hormones while
events are taking place in the female's
ovary
with the low levels of progesterone the
surface of the endometrium begins to
disintegrate
and the blood vessels rupture blood and
some
accompanying endometrial tissues flow
out of the vagina
in a process called menstruation this
menstrual phase
lasts for about 5 days
[Music]
after the menstrual period the
endometrium starts to build up
due to the increasing amount of estrogen
by the developing follicles in the ovary
this is the proliferative phase of the
uterine cycle
which lasts for 6 to 14 days the
formation of the corpus luteum
and the secretion of progesterone
trigger the endometrium to double in
thickness and prepare itself
for developing embryo
the uterine glands also become mature
and they produce a thick secretion
hence the secretory phase of the uterine
cycle
begins on the 15th day until before the
onset of the next menstrual phase
however this cycle may be interrupted by
stress
health concerns and pregnancy but if
pregnancy does not occur
the cycle begins anew
the menstrual cycle can be summarized
into the following stages
first the follicle stage this starts
when one ovarian follicle grows to
maturity
second the ovulation stage this is when
a ripe follicle
releases a novel third the corpus luteum
stage
this happens when the uterus undergoes
changes
in preparation for the implantation of a
fertilized egg
and lastly the menstrual flow stage
this is when the tissue lining of the
uterus breaks down
and is discharged from the female
reproductive system
[Music]
in reality some females experience
menstrual cramps every month
did you know that menstrual cramps are
the result of strong contractions
of the uterine wall that occur before
and during menstruation
cramps can be caused by the excessive
secretion of prostaglandins
shedding of the endometrium of the
uterus results in the inflammation
of the endometrial layer as a
consequence of this inflammation
prostaglandins are produced
so what is a feedback mechanism a
feedback mechanism
is the process through which the level
of a certain substance
influences the level of another
substance
a negative feedback affects the
production of hormones in the menstrual
cycle
moreover high levels of one hormone
may inhibit the production of another
hormone
[Music]
let's take a look at this diagram
follicle stimulating hormone
stimulates the ovaries to release
estrogen
high levels of estrogen then prevent
more production of follicle stimulating
hormone
estrogen then stimulates the release of
luteinizing hormone
from the pituitary gland which in turn
controls the production of progesterone
moreover high levels of progesterone
can then inhibit the further release of
luteinizing hormone
this is the negative feedback mechanism
what about the feedback mechanism during
labor and childbirth
when labor begins the baby's head is
pushed downwards
and results in increased pressure on the
cervix
this stimulates receptor cells to send a
chemical signal to the brain
allowing the release of accident by the
posterior pituitary gland
this oxytocin diffuses to the cervix via
the blood
where it stimulates further contractions
these contractions stimulate further
oxytocin release
until the baby is born this is called a
positive feedback
[Music]
now let's wrap things up the menstrual
cycle
is the hormonal process a woman's body
goes through each month
to prepare for a possible pregnancy
the menstrual cycle can be summarized by
the following stages
follicle stage ovulation stage
corpus luteum stage and menstrual flow
stage
a feedback mechanism is the process
through which the level of a certain
substance
influences the level of another
substance
here is a table to summarize the
functions of hormones in the female
reproductive system
estrogen is located in the follicle and
ovary
it is responsible for the development of
female characteristics
it also thickens the endometrium
progesterone
is located in the corpus luteum and
ovary
it stimulates the endometrium and
inhibits uterine contractions and
ovulation
dilutinizing hormone and follicle
stimulating hormone
are both located at the pituitary gland
utilizing hormone develops and maintains
the corpus luteum
it also stimulates ovulation on the
other hand
follicle stimulating hormone stimulates
the formation of follicles in the
ovaries
that's all for now we will be discussing
about
how the nervous system coordinates and
regulates these feedback mechanisms
to maintain homeostasis in our next
video so stay tuned
see you on our next video and don't
forget to keep your minds busy
if you like this video please subscribe
to our channel
and hit the notification icon for more
videos like this
関連動画をさらに表示
GCSE Biology - The Menstrual Cycle & Puberty #60
Male Reproductive System | Spermatogenesis
Gonadotropins | Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Female Reproductive System - Menstrual Cycle, Hormones and Regulation
Puberty and The Hormones Involved | Physiology | Biology | FuseSchool
Ovarian and Uterine Cycle (Menstrual Cycle)
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)