Apa Bedanya Syariah dan Fikih? Trilogi Islam: Aqidah, Syariah, Akhlak

Summary

The speaker in the video discusses the 'Trilogy of Islam,' which comprises Aqidah (faith), Shariah (law), and Akhlak (morality). The explanation delves into each component, highlighting Aqidah as the foundation of Islamic belief, Shariah as the law derived from divine sources, and Akhlak as the reflection of one's faith and actions. The talk also explores the distinctions between Shariah and Fiqh, the various interpretations of Islamic teachings, and how these principles guide personal and societal behavior within an Islamic context.

Takeaways

• 🕌 The speaker discusses the Islamic Trilogy, which consists of Aqidah (faith), Shariah (law), and Akhlak (character).
• 📖 Aqidah refers to belief and faith, forming the foundation of Islamic teachings.
• ⚖️ Shariah is the Islamic legal system, encompassing rules and guidelines from Allah for human behavior and social conduct.
• 💡 Shariah is divided into two main categories: Ibadah (worship) and Muamalah (social transactions), which includes family law, commercial law, and criminal law.
• 🌍 Muamalah covers various aspects of life, including politics, economics, and social activities, all governed by Shariah.
• 📜 Fiqh is the interpretation of Shariah and deals with the practical application of Islamic law in daily life, often leading to different opinions and schools of thought.
• 🧕 Shariah mandates actions like prayer and modesty, while Fiqh provides detailed guidelines on how to perform these actions.
• 🕌 The distinction between Shariah and Fiqh is exemplified in how different schools of thought interpret rules such as covering the body (Aurat) for women.
• 🕊️ Akhlak, or moral character, is the manifestation of Aqidah and Shariah in a person’s behavior, reflecting the integration of faith and law.
• 📜 The speaker also touches on the different approaches to Shariah, highlighting textual versus contextual interpretations and the implications for modern society and governance.

Q & A

What are the three main components of the Islamic trilogy as discussed in the script?

The three main components of the Islamic trilogy discussed in the script are Aqidah (belief or faith), Syariah (law), and Akhlak (character).

How is Syariah divided according to the script?

Syariah is divided into two main categories: Ibadah (worship) and Muamalah (general transactions). Muamalah is further divided into three areas: Munakahat (family law), Muamalah in the sense of commercial and civil law, and Jinayat (criminal law).

What is the relationship between Aqidah, Syariah, and Akhlak?

Aqidah refers to the belief system or faith, Syariah refers to the actions and laws derived from that faith, and Akhlak represents the ethical and moral character. These three are interrelated; Aqidah and Syariah should manifest in good Akhlak.

What is the significance of Syariah according to the script?

Syariah is significant as it represents the divine laws given by God, guiding the relationship between humans and God, other humans, and the environment. It is seen as a path to purification and righteousness.

How does the script differentiate between Syariah and Fiqh?

Syariah refers to the divine laws as revealed by God, which are unchangeable and universal. Fiqh, on the other hand, is the human interpretation and application of these laws, which can vary based on different contexts and ijtihad (independent reasoning).

What is the role of Fiqh in Islamic law?

Fiqh plays a crucial role in interpreting and applying Syariah in real-life situations. It involves the understanding and deduction of laws from the Quran and Hadith, leading to diverse opinions and schools of thought in Islamic jurisprudence.

What example does the script provide to illustrate the difference between Syariah and Fiqh?

The script provides the example of prayer. While the obligation to perform prayer is part of Syariah, the specifics of how it is performed, such as the clothes to wear or the exact manner of recitation, fall under Fiqh and can vary among scholars.

What are the different views on the concept of 'aurat' in Islamic jurisprudence as mentioned in the script?

The script discusses varying opinions among Islamic scholars regarding the concept of 'aurat' (parts of the body that must be covered). For example, the Shafi'i school considers the entire body except the face and hands as aurat for women, while the Hanbali school views the entire body, including the face and hands, as aurat.

How do textual and contextual interpretations of Syariah differ according to the script?

Textual interpretation adheres strictly to the literal texts of the Quran and Hadith, often leading to conservative views. Contextual interpretation, however, considers the historical and social context, allowing for more flexibility in applying Syariah to modern circumstances.

What is the script's view on the integration of Islamic principles in Indonesian society?

The script suggests that Islamic principles have been integrated into Indonesian society through Pancasila, the nation's foundational philosophy, and are reflected in various laws, ethics, and social norms, making Syariah an integral part of the nation's identity.