100 Cybersecurity Terms To Know

Summary

This script delves into the world of cybersecurity, covering a comprehensive range of threats and defenses. It defines malware, phishing, ransomware, and other cyber attacks, while also exploring protective measures like firewalls, two-factor authentication, and VPNs. The transcript touches on advanced topics such as encryption, AI in cybersecurity, and the importance of cyber hygiene, incident response, and compliance. It's a must-listen for anyone looking to understand the complexities of securing our digital lives.

Takeaways

• 💻 Malware is software designed to harm or exploit a computer system, including viruses, worms, Trojans, and ransomware.
• 🎣 Phishing is the practice of tricking people into giving away personal information by posing as a trustworthy entity.
• 🛡️ Ransomware encrypts a victim's files and demands payment for restoring access, often in digital currencies like Bitcoin.
• 🤖 Botnets are networks of infected computers controlled by a single entity, commonly used for DDOS attacks or sending spam.
• 🚫 Firewalls monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic to prevent unauthorized access to a private network.
• 🔒 Two-factor authentication requires an additional form of verification beyond a password to prevent unauthorized account access.
• 🔗 VPNs (Virtual Private Networks) encrypt internet traffic and allow users to securely access a private network remotely.
• 🌐 DDOS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks flood websites or networks with traffic, making them unavailable.
• 🕵️‍♂️ A Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attack intercepts and modifies communication between two parties to steal sensitive information.
• 🛠️ SQL injection exploits vulnerabilities in a website's database to gain unauthorized access.

Q & A

What is malware and what forms can it take?

Malware is software designed to harm or exploit a computer system. It can include viruses, worms, Trojans, ransomware, and other forms of malicious software.

Can you explain the concept of phishing and how it is carried out?

Phishing is the practice of tricking people into giving away personal information or login credentials by posing as a trustworthy entity through email, phone, or text message.

What is ransomware and how does it affect a victim's files?

Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts a victim's files and demands payment, often in digital currency like Bitcoin, to restore access to the files.

What is a botnet and how is it typically used?

A botnet is a network of infected computers controlled by a single entity, often used to launch distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks or send spam emails.

What is the purpose of a firewall in network security?

A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic, used to prevent unauthorized access to a private network.

How does two-factor authentication enhance account security?

Two-factor authentication is a security process that requires an additional form of verification, such as a code sent to a phone, in addition to a password, helping to prevent unauthorized access to an account.

What is a VPN and how does it secure internet traffic?

A VPN, or Virtual Private Network, encrypts internet traffic and allows users to securely access a private network remotely.

What is a DDoS attack and how does it affect a website or network?

A DDoS, or distributed denial of service, attack floods a website or network with traffic to make it unavailable, effectively disrupting services.

Can you describe a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack and its implications?

A man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack involves an attacker intercepting and potentially modifying communication between two parties, often with the goal of stealing sensitive information.

What is SQL injection and how does it compromise a website's database?

SQL injection is an attack that exploits vulnerabilities in a website's database to gain unauthorized access, allowing attackers to manipulate or extract data.

What is the role of antivirus software in protecting a computer system?

Antivirus software detects and removes malware from a computer system, helping to prevent infections and maintain system security.

Outlines

00:00

🛡️ Cybersecurity Threats and Defenses Overview

This paragraph introduces a comprehensive list of cybersecurity terms and concepts. It covers various types of malware including viruses, worms, Trojans, and ransomware. It also explains common cyber attack methods such as phishing, social engineering, and SQL injection. Furthermore, it discusses network security measures like firewalls, VPNs, and two-factor authentication, as well as advanced persistent threats and the importance of cyber hygiene. The paragraph also touches on encryption, tokens, honeypots, and the broader implications of cybercrime, espionage, and warfare.

05:01

🔒 Advanced Cybersecurity Measures and Incident Response

Paragraph 2 delves into more advanced cybersecurity practices and systems. It discusses the role of mobile device management, identity and access management, sandboxing, and backup strategies in protecting against cyber threats. The paragraph also covers the importance of incident response, penetration testing, and network segmentation. It introduces endpoint security, intrusion detection and prevention systems, and security information and event management as key components of a robust cybersecurity framework. Additionally, it explains cryptographic standards and protocols like Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), and Transport Layer Security (TLS).

10:01

🌐 Emerging Cybersecurity Challenges and AI Integration

This paragraph addresses emerging challenges in cybersecurity, including the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML). It discusses cloud security, cloud access security brokers (CSB), and software-defined networking (SDN) as innovative approaches to security in modern computing environments. The paragraph also covers identity and access management in the context of cloud-based resources, data loss prevention (DLP), and encryption key management. It highlights multi-factor authentication (MFA), cyber threat intelligence (CTI), and cyber resilience as essential for defending against sophisticated cyber threats.

15:03

🔐 Cybersecurity Governance and Future-Proofing Strategies

The final paragraph focuses on the governance and strategic aspects of cybersecurity. It outlines the importance of cyber threat intelligence, cyber resilience, and the role of a cybersecurity operations center (SOC) in monitoring and responding to threats. The paragraph also discusses risk management, compliance with regulations, and the significance of supply chain security. It touches on digital forensics, incident response, and the role of mobile device management (MDM) in organizational security. Additionally, it covers network security, email security, cyber insurance, IoT security, and the importance of physical security. The paragraph concludes with a look at AI security, access control, and the challenges posed by the dark web.

Keywords

💡Malware

Malware refers to any software intentionally designed to cause harm to a computer system or exploit it without the owner's consent. In the context of the video, malware includes various forms such as viruses, worms, Trojans, and ransomware, which are all part of the broader theme of cyber threats and security.

💡Phishing

Phishing is the fraudulent process of attempting to acquire sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details by disguising oneself as a trustworthy entity. The video script mentions it as a method to trick people through various communication channels, emphasizing the importance of vigilance in cybersecurity.

💡Ransomware

Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts a user's files and demands payment, often in a digital currency like Bitcoin, to decrypt them. The script uses ransomware as an example of a malicious software that directly impacts users by restricting access to their own data until a ransom is paid.

💡Botnet

A botnet is a network of private computers infected with malicious software and controlled as a group without the owners' knowledge. The video script explains how botnets are used to perform coordinated attacks such as DDoS attacks or to send spam emails, illustrating the collective impact of compromised systems.

💡Firewall

A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. The script describes it as a preventive measure to safeguard unauthorized access to a private network, highlighting its role in the first line of network defense.

💡Two-factor Authentication

Two-factor authentication is a security process that requires two methods of verification for accessing an account, typically something the user knows (password) and something the user has (a code sent to their phone). The video script emphasizes its importance in enhancing account security by adding an extra layer of protection.

💡VPN

A VPN, or Virtual Private Network, encrypts internet traffic and enables users to securely access a private network remotely. The script mentions VPNs in the context of secure internet access, showcasing the use of encryption to protect data integrity and privacy.

💡DDoS

DDoS, or Distributed Denial of Service, is an attack that overwhelms a website or network with traffic, rendering it inaccessible to its intended users. The script uses DDoS as an example of a cyberattack aimed at disrupting services, underlining the need for robust network security.

💡Man-in-the-Middle Attack

A Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attack involves an attacker intercepting and potentially altering communication between two parties to steal sensitive information. The video script discusses this as a threat to data security, highlighting the importance of secure communication channels.

💡SQL Injection

SQL injection is an attack technique that exploits vulnerabilities in a website's database to execute malicious SQL statements. The script describes it as a method to gain unauthorized access, demonstrating the need for secure coding practices to prevent such attacks.

💡Social Engineering

Social engineering is the use of deception to manipulate individuals into divulging confidential or personal information. The script explains social engineering as a non-technical attack that preys on human psychology, emphasizing the significance of user education in cybersecurity.

Highlights

Malware is software designed to harm or exploit a computer system, including viruses, worms, Trojans, and ransomware.

Phishing is the practice of tricking people into giving away personal information or login credentials by posing as a trustworthy entity.

Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts a victim's files and demands payment to restore access, often in digital currencies like Bitcoin.

A botnet is a network of infected computers controlled by a single entity, used for launching DDoS attacks or sending spam emails.

A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic to prevent unauthorized access.

Two-factor authentication is a security process requiring an additional form of verification, such as a code sent to a phone, in addition to a password.

A VPN is a virtual private network that encrypts internet traffic, allowing users to securely access a private network remotely.

DDoS is a distributed denial of service attack that floods a website or network with traffic to make it unavailable.

Man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks intercept and modify communication between two parties to steal sensitive information.

SQL injection is an attack that exploits vulnerabilities in a website's database to gain unauthorized access.

Social engineering uses manipulation or deception to trick people into divulging sensitive information.

Antivirus software detects and removes malware from a computer system.

A rootkit is malware that hides its presence on a computer and grants an attacker control over the system.

A zero-day exploit is an attack that takes advantage of a previously unknown vulnerability before it has been discovered and patched.

Spam refers to unwanted or unsolicited electronic messages, often used for phishing or spreading malware.

Advanced persistent threat (APT) is a targeted cyber attack, often by a nation-state, that gains unauthorized access to a network and remains undetected for an extended period.

A keylogger is a type of malware that records every keystroke made on a computer to steal personal information, such as login credentials.

Brute force is an attack that uses automated software to guess a password or encryption key by trying every possible combination.

A vulnerability is a weakness in a computer system or software that can be exploited by an attacker.

Password cracking is the process of guessing or recovering lost or forgotten passwords.

Encryption is the process of converting plain text into a coded message that can only be deciphered with a secret key.

A token is a physical or digital object that grants access to a computer system or network.

A honeypot is a decoy computer system or network set up to attract and detect cyber attacks.

Cyber espionage involves using digital means to gather sensitive information from other countries or organizations.

Cyber warfare uses cyber attacks to disrupt or destroy critical infrastructure or military operations.

Cybercrime is a criminal act committed using the internet or digital technology.

Cyberbullying is the use of electronic means to harass or threaten someone.

A data breach is an unauthorized access or release of sensitive information, such as personal data, credit card information, and login credentials.

Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services, including storage and processing power, over the internet.

End-to-end encryption ensures that only the sender and intended recipient can read the message.

Cyber hygiene is the practice of maintaining good security practices and keeping software and systems up to date.

Incident response is the process of identifying, containing, and recovering from a cyber attack.

Mobile device management is the practice of securing and managing mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets in an organization.

Identity and access management (IAM) controls access to computer systems and networks based on a user's identity.

A sandbox is a secure environment used to test and run untrusted code or software.

A backup is a copy of data or files that can be used to restore the original in case of loss or damage.

Denial of service (DoS) is an attack that makes a computer resource or network unavailable to its intended users.

Penetration testing simulates a cyber attack on a computer system to identify vulnerabilities.

Network segmentation divides a network into smaller sub-networks for security and management.

Endpoint security involves securing all devices that connect to a network, including laptops, smartphones, and servers.

An intrusion detection system (IDS) monitors network traffic and alerts administrators of potential attacks.

An intrusion prevention system (IPS) monitors network traffic and automatically blocks suspicious activity.

Security information and event management (SIEM) collects and analyzes log data from multiple sources to detect and respond to security threats.

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a widely used symmetric encryption algorithm.

Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is a system for creating, managing, and distributing digital certificates and public-private key pairs.

A digital signature verifies the authenticity and integrity of electronic data using a digital certificate.

A digital certificate is a digital document that binds a public key to an identity.

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a protocol for securely transmitting data over the internet.

Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a security protocol that replaces SSL for securely transmitting data over the internet.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is a protocol for securely transmitting data over the Internet, used for online shopping and banking.

Secure Shell (SSH) is a protocol for securely accessing and managing remote computer systems.

Transcripts

1. malware software designed to harm or

exploit a computer system this can

include viruses worms Trojans ransomware

and other forms of malicious software

2. fishing the practice of tricking

people into giving away personal

information or login credentials by

posing as a trustworthy entity through

email phone or text message

3. ransomware malware that encrypts a

victim's files and demands payment to

restore access this can be in the form

of a digital currency such as Bitcoin

4. botnet a network of infected

computers controlled by a single entity

often used to launch distributed denial

of service DDOS attacks or send spam

emails

5. firewall a network security system

that monitors and controls incoming and

outgoing Network traffic and is used to

prevent unauthorized access to a private

Network

6. two-factor authentication a security

process that requires an additional form

of verification such as a codes into a

phone in addition to a password this

helps to prevent unauthorized access to

an account

7. VPN a virtual private Network that

encrypts internet traffic and allows

users to securely access a private

Network remotely

8. DDOS a distributed denial of service

attack that floods a website or network

with traffic to make it unavailable

9. man in the middle mitm attack an

attack in which an attacker intercepts

and modifies communication between two

parties often to steal sensitive

information

SQL injection a type of attack that

exploits vulnerabilities in a website's

database to gain unauthorized access

11. social engineering the use of

manipulation or deception to trick

people into divulging sensitive

information

12. antivirus software that detects and

removes malware from a computer system

13. rootkit malware that hides its

presence on a computer and grants an

attacker control over the system

14. zero-day exploit a type of attack

that takes advantage of a previously

unknown vulnerability before it has been

discovered and patched by the software

vendor

15. spam unwanted or unsolicited

electronic messages often used for

fishing or spreading malware

16. advanced persistent threat apt a

targeted Cyber attack Often by a

nation-state that gains unauthorized

access to a network and remains

undetected for an extended period of

time

17. keylogger a type of malware that

records every keystroke made on a

computer to steal personal information

such as login credentials

18. brute force a type of attack that

uses automated software to guess a

password or encryption key by trying

every possible combination

19. vulnerability a weakness in a

computer system or software that can be

exploited by an attacker

20. password cracking the process of

guessing or recovering lost or forgotten

passwords

21. encryption the process of converting

plain text into a coded message that can

only be deciphered with a secret key

22 token a physical or digital object

that grants access to a computer system

or Network

23. Honeypot a decoy computer system or

network set up to attract and detect

cyber attacks

24. cyber Espionage the use of digital

means to gather sensitive information

from other countries or organizations

25 cyber warfare the use of cyber

attacks to disrupt or destroy critical

infrastructure or military operations

26. cybercrime a criminal act committed

using the internet or digital technology

27. cyberbullying the use of electronic

means to harass or threaten someone

28. data breach an unauthorized access

or release of sensitive information this

can include personal information such as

Social Security numbers credit card

information and login credentials

29. cloud computing the delivery of

computing services including storage and

processing power over the internet

30. end-to-end encryption a method of

encryption that ensures that only the

sender and intended recipient can read

the message

31. cyber hygiene the practice of

maintaining good security practices and

keeping software and systems up to date

32. incident response the process of

identifying containing and recovering

from a Cyber attack

33. cyber physical systems

computer-controlled physical systems

such as industrial control systems or

medical devices

34. mobile device management the

practice of securing and managing mobile

devices such as smartphones and tablets

in an organization

35. identity and access management I am

the process of controlling access to

computer systems and networks based on a

user's identity

36. sandbox a secure environment used to

test and run untrusted code or software

37. backup a copy of data or files that

can be used to restore the original in

case of loss or damage

38. denial of service dos an attack that

makes a computer resource or network

unavailable to its intended users

39. penetration testing the practice of

simulating a Cyber attack on a computer

system to identify vulnerabilities

40. Network segmentation the process of

dividing a network into smaller sub

networks for security and management

41. endpoint security the practice of

securing all devices that connect to a

network including laptops smartphones

and servers

42 intrusion detection system IDs a

security system that monitors Network

traffic and alerts administrators of

potential attacks

43. intrusion prevention system IPS a

security system that monitors Network

traffic and automatically blocks

suspicious activity

44. security information and event

management sim a security system that

collects and analyzes log data from

multiple sources to detect and respond

to security threats

45. Advanced encryption standard as a

widely used symmetric encryption

algorithm

46. public key infrastructure pki a

system for creating managing and

distributing digital certificates and

public-private key pairs

47 digital signature a method of

verifying the authenticity and integrity

of electronic data using a digital

certificate

48 digital certificate a digital

document that binds a public key to an

identity

49. secure sockets layer SSL a protocol

for securely transmitting data over the

internet

50. transport layer security TLS a

security protocol that replaces SSL for

securely transmitting data over the

internet

51. hypertext transfer protocol secure

https a protocol for securely

transmitting data over the Internet used

for online shopping and banking

52. secure shell SSH a protocol for

securely accessing and managing remote

computer systems

53 remote access Trojan rat malware that

allows an attacker to remotely control

an infected computer

54. Trojan Horse malware that disguises

itself as legitimate software

55. worm a self-replicating type of

malware that spreads itself to other

computers

56. adware software that displays

unwanted advertisements

57. spyware software that collects

personal information or tracks a user's

online activity without their knowledge

58. phylus malware malware that resides

in memory and does not leave any trace

on the hard drive

59.

script Kitty an unskilled individual who

uses pre-written scripts or tools to

launch cyber attacks

60. advanced persistent threat apt a

targeted Cyber attack Often by a

nation-state that gains unauthorized

access to a network and remains

undetected for an extended period of

time

61. root access the highest level of

access to a computer system or network

allowing full control over the system

62. distributed denial of service DDOS a

type of attack that floods a website or

network with traffic to make it

unavailable

63. cross-site scripting xss a type of

attack that injects malicious code into

a website to steal user data

64. cross-site request forgery csrf a

type of attack that tricks a user into

performing actions on a website without

their knowledge

65. Internet of Things iot the

interconnectedness of everyday devices

such as smart home devices and cars

through the internet

66 artificial intelligence AI the

ability of a computer system to mimic

human intelligence and perform tasks

such as learning and problem solving

67 machine learning ml a type of AI that

allows computer systems to learn and

improve performance without being

explicitly programmed

68. Cloud security the practice of

securing data applications and

infrastructure in cloud computing

environments

69 Cloud access security broker csb a

security solution that sits between a

company's on-premises infrastructure and

cloud services to provide visibility and

control over Cloud usage

70.

software-defined networking sdn a

network architecture that allows the

control plane of a network to be

programmatically configured

71 identity and access management I am

the process of managing user identities

and access rights to resources and

applications

72 data loss prevention DLP the practice

of identifying and blocking sensitive

data from leaving an organization

73 Cloud identity and access management

cim the practice of managing user

identities and access rights to

cloud-based resources and applications

74. identity and access governance ieg

the practice of ensuring that only

authorized users have access to

sensitive data and systems

75 encryption key management the process

of creating storing protecting and

managing encryption keys

76

multi-factor authentication MFA a

security process that requires more than

one method of authentication such as a

password and fingerprint or security

token

77 cyber threat intelligence CTI the

process of collecting analyzing and

disseminating information about cyber

threats to protect against them

78 cyber resilience the ability to

prepare for withstand and recover from

cyber attacks

79 cyber security operations center SOC

a centralized unit responsible for

monitoring and analyzing security

related data from various sources to

detect and respond to cyber threats

80. risk management the process of

identifying assessing and prioritizing

potential risks to an organization's

assets and implementing controls to

mitigate or accept those risks

81 compliance the adherence to laws

regulations standards and policies that

govern an organizations information

security practices

82. supply chain security the practice

of securing the flow of information and

materials throughout the supply chain

from supplier to customer

83 digital forensics the process of

collecting and analyzing digital

evidence in support of criminal

investigations

84. incident response IR the process of

identifying containing and recovering

from a Cyber attack

85 mobile device management MDM the

practice of securing and managing mobile

devices such as smartphones and tablets

in an organization

86 network security the practice of

protecting a computer network from

unauthorized access use disclosure

disruption modification or destruction

87 email security the practice of

protecting email systems from spam

phishing and other types of cyber

attacks

88 cyber insurance insurance coverage

for losses resulting from cyber attacks

89. Internet of Things iot security the

practice of securing the interconnected

devices and systems that make up the

Internet of Things

90. physical security the practice of

protecting a building and its assets

from unauthorized access and damage

91. artificial intelligence AI security

the practice of protecting a systems

from cyber attacks and other forms of

misuse

92 access control the practice of

limiting access to resources and systems

based on user identity and other factors

93 authentication the process of

verifying a user's identity

94. authorization the process of

granting or denying access to resources

and systems based on user identity and

other factors

95. security information and event

management sim a security system that

collects and analyzes log data from

multiple sources to detect and respond

to security threats

96 web application firewall Waf a

security system that monitors and

controls incoming and outgoing web

traffic

97 internet service provider ISB a

company that provides internet access to

customers

98. Network address translation in at a

technique used to change the IP address

of a device on a network to make it

accessible to other devices on the

internet

99 zero trust security a security model

that assumes that all devices networks

and users are potentially compromised

and therefore requires continuous

verification and authentication before

granting access

100 dark web a part of the internet that

is not indexed by search engines and can

only be accessed using special software

it is often used for illegal activities

such as buying and selling illegal Goods

or stolen data