1 - Programming Concepts

Summary

In this introductory video lecture, Angelito Onan Junior, also known as Sergeant, outlines the basics of programming concepts in CC 101. He covers the definitions of software and hardware, identifies programmer types, explains problem-solving steps, introduces programming elements, and discusses programming paradigms. The video aims to provide a foundational understanding of how software makes computers intelligent and the essential components of programming, including input, data, operations, output, conditional and unconditional execution, loops, and subroutines, all within various programming styles.

Takeaways

• 📘 The video is an introductory lesson on programming concepts, specifically for CC 101 unit 1.
• 🔍 The first lesson defines software and hardware, and explains their roles in making computers function as intelligent machines.
• 👨‍💻 It identifies two types of programmers: system programmers who create system software, and application programmers who develop applications for users.
• 💡 Software is a collection of instructions that tells the computer what to do, including applications like Microsoft Word, Photoshop, and device drivers.
• 🔧 Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system, such as the mouse, keyboard, and monitor.
• 🛠 Problem-solving in programming involves steps like planning, analysis, design, development, testing, debugging, and documentation.
• 🔢 Programming involves elements such as input, data, operations, output, conditional execution, loops, and subroutines which are essential for creating software.
• 🔄 The script explains that input is data entered by the user, data is where input is stored, and output is the result of processing the input.
• 🔄 Operations include mathematical, relational, and logical operations that manipulate data.
• 🔁 Loops are used to execute a set of instructions repeatedly until a condition is met, making the code more efficient.
• 📚 Subroutines or functions are smaller programs within a larger program that can be called upon to perform specific tasks.
• 🎨 Programming paradigms are different styles or methods of programming, such as procedural, object-oriented, modular, and data abstraction.

Q & A

What are the main topics covered in Unit 1 of the CC 101 course?

Unit 1 of the CC 101 course covers programming concepts, including the definition of software and hardware, types of programmers, steps of problem-solving, elements of programming, and classification of programming paradigms.

What is the difference between system programmers and application programmers?

System programmers focus on creating software that manages and controls computer systems, such as operating systems and system utilities. Application programmers, on the other hand, develop software designed to perform specific tasks, like database applications, web applications, and games.

How do software and hardware interact in a computer system?

Software provides instructions for the computer's hardware to perform specific tasks. The hardware, such as the CPU, mouse, or keyboard, is the physical component, while the software, like an operating system or application, enables the hardware to function and perform tasks.

What are the steps involved in problem-solving in programming?

The steps in problem-solving include planning, analysis, design, development, testing and debugging, and documentation. Each step helps ensure that the software effectively solves the intended problem.

What are the elements of programming discussed in Unit 1?

The elements of programming discussed include input, data, operations, output, conditional execution, loops, and subroutines (functions or modules). These elements are fundamental to writing and understanding programs.

Can you explain the role of conditional execution in programming?

Conditional execution allows a program to make decisions based on certain conditions, using constructs like if-else statements and switch cases. It helps control the flow of the program by executing specific code only when certain conditions are met.

What is a subroutine, and why is it important in programming?

A subroutine, also known as a function or module, is a block of code designed to perform a specific task within a program. It helps break down large programs into smaller, more manageable sections, making the code easier to understand, maintain, and reuse.

How do loops function in programming, and what is their purpose?

Loops in programming allow a set of instructions to be executed repeatedly until a specific condition is met. They are used to automate repetitive tasks, such as iterating through a list or generating a series of numbers.

What are some examples of application software mentioned in the lecture?

Examples of application software mentioned include Microsoft Word, Photoshop, games, and video editing software. These applications are designed to perform specific tasks, such as word processing, photo editing, and entertainment.

What are programming paradigms, and what are some examples?

Programming paradigms are styles or approaches to programming that dictate how code is structured and organized. Examples include object-oriented programming, procedural programming, modular programming, and data abstraction.

Outlines

00:00

📘 Introduction to Programming Concepts

The instructor, Angelito Onan Junior, introduces the first lesson on programming concepts in CC 101. The unit covers basic fundamentals such as defining software and hardware, identifying programmer types, explaining problem-solving steps, identifying programming elements, and classifying programming paradigms. The role of software in making computers intelligent is highlighted, with examples of various software applications and their specific tasks. The importance of understanding both the software and hardware components of a computer system is emphasized.

05:02

👨‍💻 Understanding Programmers and Their Roles

This paragraph delves into the types of programmers, distinguishing between system programmers who create solutions for specific problems and application programmers who focus on different areas such as database applications, web applications, game development, and micro-device programming. The importance of each programmer's role in the development of software that interacts with hardware is underscored, with a brief mention of the languages and tools they might use.

10:06

🖥️ The Essence of Hardware in Computing

Hardware is defined as the physical and tangible components of a computer system, including input devices like a mouse and keyboard, output devices such as monitors and speakers, and storage devices. The paragraph explains how hardware is categorized and the significance of each category in the functioning of a computer. The necessity of device drivers as a type of software that allows communication between hardware and applications is also discussed.

15:19

🛠️ Steps in Problem Solving and Programming

The paragraph outlines the steps involved in problem solving within programming, which include planning, analysis, design, development, testing, debugging, and documentation. Each step is crucial for creating a solution to a problem, from understanding the requirements in the analysis phase to refining the program through testing and debugging. The importance of documentation for users and teams to manage or track systems is highlighted.

20:20

🔡 Key Elements of Programming

This section introduces the fundamental elements of programming, such as input, data, operations, output, conditional and unconditional execution, loops, and subroutines. Each element is essential for writing code that can process data and perform tasks. The explanation provides a basic understanding of how these elements work together in programming, with examples like the difference between input types and how loops can be used to execute instructions repeatedly.

25:21

🔄 The Power of Subroutines and Functions

Subroutines, functions, or modules are highlighted as vital components in programming that allow for the breaking down of large programs into smaller, more manageable parts. The paragraph gives an example of how a common task like producing a time output can be turned into a function to avoid repetition and improve efficiency in coding. This concept is foundational for creating clean, organized, and reusable code.

🎨 Exploring Programming Paradigms

The final topic of the script discusses programming paradigms, which are the different styles or methods used in programming. The paragraph introduces several paradigms, including object-oriented, procedural, modular, and data abstraction, and emphasizes that these paradigms offer various approaches to writing and organizing code. The most common paradigms, procedural and object-oriented programming, are highlighted, setting the stage for further exploration in subsequent lessons.

Keywords

💡Software

Software refers to the collection of instructions that tell a computer what to do. It is the non-physical component of a computer system that makes the hardware functional. In the video, software is described as the reason computers are considered intelligent machines, with examples given such as Microsoft Word, Photoshop, and operating systems. It is integral to the theme of programming concepts as it is the product of programming efforts.

💡Hardware

Hardware is the physical or tangible part of a computer system, including components like mouse, keyboard, monitor, and printer. It is mentioned in the script as the counterpart to software, necessary for the functioning of a computer but requiring software to be truly useful. The concept of hardware is fundamental to understanding the physical basis of computing, which is a key aspect of the video's discussion on programming.

💡Programmers

Programmers are individuals who write code for software. The script identifies two types: system programmers, who create systems like inventory systems, and application programmers, who may specialize in areas such as database applications, web applications, games, or micro-device programming. The role of programmers is central to the video's theme, as they are the ones who bring programming concepts to life through software creation.

💡Problem Solving

Problem solving in the context of the video involves a step-by-step approach to creating a solution, which includes planning, analysis, design, development, testing, debugging, and documentation. This process is a core element of programming, as it outlines the methodology programmers follow to address and solve issues or create new software applications.

💡Elements of Programming

The elements of programming are the fundamental components that make up a program, including input, data, operations, output, conditional execution, loops, and subroutines. These elements are discussed in the script as the 'ingredients' of all programming matters, essential for understanding how programs are constructed and function.

💡Programming Paradigms

Programming paradigms refer to different approaches or styles of programming. The video mentions object-oriented, procedural, modular, and data abstraction as examples. These paradigms represent the various methodologies that programmers can use to structure their code and solve problems, which is a key concept in learning how to program effectively.

💡Conditional Execution

Conditional execution is a programming concept where the flow of a program is altered based on certain conditions. It includes constructs like if-else statements and switch cases. In the script, conditional execution is one of the seven elements of programming, illustrating how programmers can control program behavior based on varying inputs or states.

💡Loops

Loops are used in programming to repeat a set of instructions until a specific condition is met. The script provides examples such as counting from 1 to 30 or populating a drop-down list, demonstrating how loops can be used to perform repetitive tasks efficiently without the need for冗长hand coding.

💡Subroutine

A subroutine, also known as a function or module, is a segment of code that can be reused throughout a program. The script explains that subroutines are used to break down large programs into smaller, more manageable parts, which can be called upon as needed. This concept is crucial for creating organized and efficient code.

💡Object-Oriented Programming

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of 'objects', which can contain data and code that manipulates that data. OOP is highlighted in the script as a common paradigm, emphasizing its importance in modern programming practices. It allows for a more intuitive and modular approach to software development.

💡Procedural Programming

Procedural programming is another paradigm mentioned in the video, characterized by a sequence of instructions or statements that tell the computer what to do step by step. It is one of the most common programming styles and is foundational to understanding the basic structure of programs.

Highlights

Introduction to programming concepts in CC 101 with a focus on basic fundamentals.

Definition of software and hardware and their roles in a computer system.

Identification of various types of programmers, including system and application programmers.

Explanation of the steps involved in problem-solving in programming.

Discussion on the elements of programming, such as input, data, operations, output, conditional execution, loops, and subroutines.

Importance of software in making computers intelligent machines.

Examples of software applications like Microsoft Word, calculator, and Photoshop.

Differentiation between system and application software and their functionalities.

The role of device drivers as a type of software in enabling hardware interaction.

Hardware components as the physical parts of a computer system, including input and output devices.

The process of programming, from planning to documentation.

The significance of documentation in programming for user and team management.

Introduction to the concept of programming paradigms, including procedural and object-oriented.

Explanation of the programming paradigm 'procedural' and its common usage.

Discussion on 'object-oriented' programming and its approach to software design.

Overview of other programming paradigms such as modular and data abstraction.

Conclusion of Unit 1 with a summary of the key points covered in the lecture.

Transcripts

hello everyone this is your instructor

angelito onan junior or sergeant

and um we're going to talk about in this

video

the first lesson

with regards satin subject na cc 101

so in unit 1 we will going to discuss

the programming concepts

it is all about uh

basic fundamentals

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so

unit 1 has

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lessons or learning objectives okay so

uh

first we will define software and

hardware

then

we will going to identify types of

programmers

next is i'm going to explain to you the

steps

of uh problem solving

then identify the elements of

programming

and lastly

classify

the programming paradigms

okay

um

computers seems a pretty intelligent

machine

so

we use

computers

from our

from daily basis

so

we use computers

in a lot of things

from businesses education

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entertainment you know

and

some sort of stuff and also

non-computer

and computers become intelligent machine

because of its software

i know the samantha moana software name

like building computer name and of

course the hardware itself

so

pretty much useless and some computer

lang software

software

and likewise also made you my hero

gaming computer

incorporates

hardware

so software uh are uh

created using a collection of codes

that uh

instruct the computer

on what it will do

and then basically

the people who write program codes and

then

we have a physical component of of a

computer system

in international

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we need to uh analyze it first

you need to resolve nothing a problem

so there's a step-by-step approach to

that uh

that we will going to discuss it later

elements of programming we will going to

tackle that also

where in the these are the ingredients

to all programming matters

program and then lastly uh we have

programming paradigm

we're in pakistan paradigm etienne

technique

style

on how you do it okay so basically

why we use

techniques why we use style we will

going to have a

more

insights with regards to this uh topic

later on

so starting with the monetary software

software uh it consists

of a list of instructions

uh pretty much useless and it's a

computer google action software and

let's say

we have microsoft word

that is an example of a software

microsoft word calculator calendar

games

uh

video editing software

i know photoshop yamaha and also those

are software

and

uh

meron silang about software has a

capability or

there is a

specific task nagi nagawang is some

particular software so let's say

pagasana be not in photoshop so

photoshop is good for

editing

pictures enhancing pictures enhancing

photos

so

uh photoshop

um

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uh

editing photos so there is a specific

and also

it consists of list of instructions

they are the reason why we can

communicate on our uh hardware so let's

say for example this mouse

and so it almost

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it is because there is a software

like papaganasanya attentive not induced

software and to be specific issuing

device drivers or drivers

so hindi in your application

for example you if you have a uh

led

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notification bar mo nah installing

hardware alligator no no installing

device drivers so you know

device drivers

software is also the reason why we can

use application like word calendar

calculator games etc

so don't be confused word

calendar

calculator

games and

other software

our

uh application

software denzela

uh software dinda

come back

application

okay

system and operating system is also a

software

okay so an operating system reacts as a

bridge between

applications

and then dunsa users paranaga gum it not

encela i know and then some other

software can contain data okay so yeah c

software

now let's proceed to

programmers

there are two types of programmers

number one

we have system programmers

and then we have application programmers

system programmers those are programmers

okay so by the way you know

pakistan programmers again

those are people who write codes silent

and software and not actually

uh on programmers for hindi language

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micro device

programmers okay so again uh

system programmers

of sale enrollment system inventory

system i know or they are

giving solution to a specific problem

let's say for example

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order

they will going to create a tracking

order system

some sort of that

now uh application programmers on the

other hand has uh

types in it and also

event types

uh we have database application

programmers that focuses on creating

database applications

we have web application programmers

website or web-based application then we

have game developers and lastly you'll

not bang it nothing anina you micro

device

programmers okay so on micro device

programmers

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uh the good example is you

you know program number

cpu

or you insert a central processing unit

or you own processor

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okay

so

hardware this is uh

pretty much

obvious

some hardware because

why obvious because it is the physical

or the tangible parts of a computer

like mouse

keyboard

monitor

printer

scanner

speaker

and many more

uh

hardware categorizes

this

input device or

output device and then we have also what

we call

storage devices and so

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they are storage devices capable

to uh handle or to keep data

this device

um

doing some input device and output

device

so again hardware those are physical or

tangible parts of a computer

let's proceed to uh problem solving okay

so in problem solving

uh

there are steps

in uh again in uh

creating a solution

to solve a

problem these steps in programming

compose of planning

analysis

design

development

testing and debugging and then we uh we

have the uh what we called documentation

yeah so they are pointing towards in

uh

documentation so

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in analysis in analysis phase since we

prove

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magnetorna application or non-system

naganito

so

analysis

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analysis phase

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nah requirements

application okay so uh imagine like this

and also

program

uh so

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something like that and then hindi

language graphical user interface naka

focus on design now focus

on a database

and also database

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and then

once now we have a design and then a

plan

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we will going to develop it and also

hypo

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these are the steps in programming and

hindi language

once now we build knockback program

phase which is international

testing and debugging so testing and

debugging

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so those are uh steps in programming

problem solving

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inventory

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software we're going to plan it first

analysis design development and then

kapaka testing

on documentation and then on

documentation

for the user

or for the team i know hindi lamp is a

user for the team to manage or to track

system

so

documentation

owner's manual and a step-by-step

procedure

by installation

and also

in update not in detail

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reviews application something like that

okay so those are steps in programming

now let's proceed to elements of

programming or the ingredients

sa programming okay

so programming

if you experience how to program an

american in a variable constant

if else i know s

okay so number one uh the first element

programming is international

input

wherein these are the data

that you type

na kinlik nang song mouse

okay then again input say some sensor

for example

okay so unimating

input okay so for example right click

different and right clicks are left

click

but gonna type canon letter a in a small

letter

that is different from uppercase letter

a

okay so you knew manga another

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okay data

it is a place to keep the

input okay so

uh

for example you letters nathan latina

type nothing

string let's say for example string a

string is uh

a word i know it's a word it's a

combination of alpha numeric characters

once we keep it okay again antagonite is

data

now

we have operations

mathematical operations

relational and logical operators

it is a pretty much you know plus minus

divide multiplication

and then we have the modulo as you know

percentage

sign young in a gamut nothing

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is for uh getting the remainder okay so

don't worry about it on

unit 2

you will going to learn how to use

modulo

we have relational and logical operators

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by less than or greater than greater

than or equal to not equal to

manga

is mathematical operator a mathematical

relational logical those are all

operations

okay so the next one is the output okay

at the since stored iodide we have input

and then we store it nagging data

we keep it and then once nama extract

is output

okay so

one example

let's say

it's a

calculator type 1

and then you use operations like

mathematical operations plus

minus divide multiply

and then you input

uh the second number let's say one type

of skin like

plus that was in like nationality one

the output will be

uh

two thereby so in tune when you extract

the data that means that is the output

okay so

conditional execution number five

unconditional execution po it is uh

help us to manipulate the uh data

and also since conditional it you own

lithium-ion if else statement and now we

have switch

we have switch case national work then

it

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execution

and then don't worry about this guys you

know uh

these elements of programming this is a

pure introductory so

uh my point in here is to uh enlighten

to you now manga uh gagamite nathan in

the future i know so we will going to

have uh in-depth discussion with regards

to this programming of elements of

programming rather

then we have loops

and loops boys uh it can execute a set

of instructions until meet

this specific condition so

uh instead now guma gamma

we will go into output

1 to 30 for example

1 to 31

drop down list box for example

and also

drop down this box

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we have a month

day and then year so young day

millionaire and then 131

so do somebody want to 31 instead of uh

typing one two three four five six seven

eight nine up to thirty one so puppeteer

time is

we will going to use small lines of code

not effective

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and last international

subroutine it is the process of breaking

large program

and turning it into uh sub programs

so let's say for example

uh

program and then every time nagina

government program nato

neglect

header for example the republic of the

philippines nueva university of science

and technology cabana tuan city college

of information and communications

technology

so let's say for example every time the

produce time output lagging

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since it is a function i know it's a

function

subroutine

module

again

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so that is an example of a subroutine

again the seven elements of our

programming

are

input

we have data

we have uh operations

we have uh output conditional execution

loops and lastly we have the subroutine

or function or module

okay so this is the last topic nah the

discussion uh the discus not indeed

the programming paradigm programming

paradigm or paradigm it is simply the

style i know you method

or

on how to uh program actually there are

many paradigms

object oriented

okay we have procedural

we have uh modular

data abstraction in your magnet gamut

nothing and many more actually

programmed paradigm so the point is

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nato i know so but

uh for you to have an introductory in

programming paradigm

uh we we use it different style no

program uh for collaboration i know

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you know

let's say for example object oriented or

modular

nothing has

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so again different programming paradigms

are

object-oriented

modular data abstraction

and then procedural yeah so the most

common one in procedural and then

object-oriented programming so

uh

i think that's uh pretty much it for

this uh lecture video that is the end of

unit one the programming concepts i hope

that you learned something in this video

and

see you on the

unit 2.