Grade 10 SCIENCE | Quarter 1 Module 1 [NEW!] | Lithosphere: The Rocky Skin of Earth

Summary

In this engaging Grade 10 science lesson, Miss Deya El Mundo introduces the lithosphere, Earth's rocky skin, focusing on plate tectonics. She explains the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts in relation to plate boundaries. The lesson delves into the continental and oceanic lithospheres, their differences in age, thickness, density, and rock composition. Students learn to identify primary and secondary plates and understand the scientific basis for plate division, using data on geological events to trace plate boundaries.

Takeaways

• 📘 The lesson is about the lithosphere, which is the rocky skin of Earth, and is part of a division made module for grade 10 science.
• 🌏 The lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates, which are the smaller sections of the lithosphere, and plate boundaries are the edges that separate these plates.
• 🔍 The two main types of lithospheric plates are continental and oceanic, with the continental lithosphere being thicker and composed of granite, while the oceanic lithosphere is thinner and made up of basalt.
• 📊 Continental lithosphere has an average thickness of 25 to 70 kilometers and a lower density (2.7 g/cm³), whereas oceanic lithosphere is 7 to 10 kilometers thick with a higher density (3.0 g/cm³).
• 🏔 The Earth's lithosphere includes both the crust and the upper mantle, and the lesson aims to differentiate between oceanic and continental crust.
• 🌳 The lesson's essential learning competency is to describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts to plate tectonics.
• 🌐 There are seven primary lithospheric plates and eight secondary plates, with primary plates being larger and named after continents, except for the Pacific plate.
• 📈 Scientists determine the divisions of lithospheric plates based on the distribution of geological events and features such as earthquakes, volcanic activities, and mountain ranges, which often occur along plate boundaries.
• 🌋 The Pacific Ring of Fire is a significant area where many earthquakes and volcanic activities occur, highlighting the relationship between geological activity and plate tectonics.
• 📊 The basis for dividing lithospheric plates includes gathering data on earthquake epicenters, volcanic eruptions, and the presence of mountain ranges to plot plate boundaries.
• 📚 The lesson encourages students to understand the scientific basis for plate divisions and to identify major lithospheric plates and their characteristics.

Q & A

What is the main topic of the first lesson for grade 10 science in this script?

The main topic of the first lesson for grade 10 science is the lithosphere, specifically discussing its distribution, types, and the concept of plate tectonics.

What is the lithosphere?

The lithosphere is the rigid outermost shell of a planet, consisting of the crust and uppermost part of the mantle. It is often referred to as the 'rocky skin of the Earth'.

What are the two types of lithospheric plates mentioned in the script?

The two types of lithospheric plates are the continental lithosphere and the oceanic lithosphere.

How is the continental lithosphere characterized in the script?

The continental lithosphere is characterized as being thicker, with an average thickness of 25 to 70 kilometers, composed of old rocks, and having an average density of 2.7 grams per centimeter cube. It is usually made up of granite rock.

What are the main differences between continental and oceanic lithospheres?

The main differences are that continental lithosphere is older, thicker, and less dense than the oceanic lithosphere. Continental lithosphere is made up of granite, while oceanic lithosphere is made up of basalt.

What is the average thickness of the oceanic lithosphere?

The oceanic lithosphere has an average thickness of 7 to 10 kilometers.

How many primary and secondary plates are there according to the script?

There are seven primary plates and eight secondary plates.

What is the basis for dividing the lithospheric plates as discussed in the script?

The basis for dividing lithospheric plates is the distribution of geological events and features such as earthquake epicenters, active volcanoes, and major mountain ranges, which are found near or along plate boundaries.

What is the Pacific Ring of Fire, and how is it related to plate boundaries?

The Pacific Ring of Fire is a region around the Pacific Ocean where many volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur. It is related to plate boundaries because these geologically active areas are often found along the edges of tectonic plates.

How do scientists determine the shape and boundaries of lithospheric plates?

Scientists determine the shape and boundaries of lithospheric plates by gathering data on geological events such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the locations of major mountain ranges, which help them plot the plate boundaries.

What is the role of the division made module of SDO Kalookan for grade 10 science in this lesson?

The division made module of SDO Kalookan for grade 10 science serves as the educational framework for the lesson, providing the essential learning competencies and guiding the exploration of the lithosphere and plate tectonics.

Outlines

00:00

🌏 Introduction to the Lithosphere

In the first paragraph, Miss Deya El Mundo introduces the lesson on the lithosphere, the rocky skin of Earth, to grade 10 science students. The lesson is part of a division made module of SDO Kalookan for week one. The main learning competency is to describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts to plate tectonics. The students are also expected to describe the Earth's lithosphere, differentiate between oceanic and continental crust, and identify the major lithospheric plates. The lesson begins with a look at a world map and an explanation of the lithosphere, which includes both land and the land below the water.

05:03

🏔️ Characteristics of Lithospheric Plates

The second paragraph delves into the characteristics of the lithosphere, distinguishing between the continental and oceanic lithospheres. The continental lithosphere is described as being thicker, averaging 25 to 70 kilometers in thickness, and is composed of old rocks like granite. In contrast, the oceanic lithosphere is thinner, with an average thickness of 7 to 10 kilometers, and is denser, composed of younger rocks like basalt. A comparison table is used to highlight the differences in age, thickness, density, and rock composition between the two types of lithospheric plates.

10:04

📍 Primary and Secondary Lithospheric Plates

In the third paragraph, the focus shifts to the types of lithospheric plates, specifically primary and secondary plates. Primary plates are larger and include the Pacific, North American, Eurasian, African, Antarctic, Australian, and South American plates. The names of these plates are mostly derived from the continents they cover, with the Pacific plate being an exception as it lies beneath the Pacific Ocean. Secondary plates are smaller and include plates like the Juan de Fuca, Nazca, and Philippine plates. The distinction between primary and secondary plates is based on their size.

15:05

🌋 Plate Boundaries and Geological Events

The fourth paragraph discusses the basis for dividing lithospheric plates. Scientists use the distribution of earthquake epicenters, volcanic activities, and major mountain ranges as evidence for plate boundaries. These geological events and features are concentrated near or along plate boundaries, particularly in the Pacific Ring of Fire. The maps provided show the distribution of these events, which helps scientists to identify and plot the plate boundaries, even though they are not physically visible.

20:08

📩 Closing Remarks and Invitation for Questions

In the final paragraph, Miss Deya El Mundo concludes the lesson and invites students to ask questions if they have any. She encourages students to send a message or post a comment if they are shy to ask questions during the lesson. The teacher expresses hope that the students have understood the material covered and thanks them for watching the educational video.

Keywords

💡Lithosphere

The lithosphere is the rigid outermost shell of a terrestrial-type planet or natural satellite, consisting of the Earth's crust and uppermost mantle. It is the topic of the video, as it discusses the lithosphere's role as the 'rocky skin of Earth.' The script explains that the lithosphere is divided into plates, which are the focus of the lesson.

💡Plate Tectonics

Plate tectonics is the scientific theory that describes the large-scale motion of plates constituting the lithosphere. In the video, the concept is central to understanding how the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts relate to the movement of these plates.

💡Tectonic Plates

Tectonic plates are the sections into which the lithosphere is divided. The script identifies these plates as the 'smaller sections of the lithosphere' and discusses their boundaries, which are significant in the study of geological activity.

💡Continental Lithosphere

The continental lithosphere is the part of the Earth's lithosphere that is under land masses. It is characterized by being thicker and composed of old rocks, primarily granite. The script differentiates it from the oceanic lithosphere in terms of age, thickness, and composition.

💡Oceanic Lithosphere

The oceanic lithosphere is the part of the Earth's lithosphere under the oceans. It is thinner and denser than the continental lithosphere, with a composition primarily of basalt. The script contrasts it with the continental lithosphere to highlight the differences in their geological properties.

💡Granite

Granite is an igneous rock that makes up much of the continental lithosphere. The script mentions it as the main rock type found in the continental lithosphere, indicating its significance in the composition of the Earth's landmasses.

💡Basalt

Basalt is a dark-colored, fine-grained, igneous rock that is the primary component of the oceanic lithosphere. The script describes it as being denser than granite and is used to illustrate the composition of the ocean floor.

💡Primary Plates

Primary plates, as mentioned in the script, are the larger tectonic plates. They are significant in the context of the video because they are the main divisions of the lithosphere, and their movements are responsible for various geological phenomena.

💡Secondary Plates

Secondary plates are smaller than primary plates and are also part of the Earth's lithosphere. The script explains that they are distinguishable by their size and are part of the complex system of plate tectonics.

💡Earthquake Epicenters

Earthquake epicenters are the points on the Earth's surface directly above the hypocenter of an earthquake. The script uses the distribution of earthquake epicenters to illustrate the relationship between tectonic plate boundaries and seismic activity.

💡Volcanic Activity

Volcanic activity refers to the processes and phenomena associated with the movement of molten rock beneath the Earth's surface, which can result in volcanic eruptions. The script discusses how the distribution of volcanic activity is related to plate boundaries, indicating areas of tectonic activity.

💡Mountain Belts

Mountain belts are large regions of the Earth's crust that have been deformed to form mountain ranges. The script mentions them in the context of their distribution being related to plate boundaries, which is crucial for understanding the geological processes that create these features.

Highlights

Introduction to the lithosphere as the rocky skin of Earth.

Lesson based on a division made module for grade 10 science.

Essential learning competency to describe and relate the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major mountain belts to plate tectonics.

Differentiation between oceanic and continental crust.

Identification of major lithospheric plates and the scientific basis for their division.

Use of a world map to illustrate countries, continents, oceans, and islands.

Introduction of a tectonic plate map showing the lithosphere and plate boundaries.

Explanation of tectonic plates as smaller sections of the lithosphere.

Description of plate boundaries as edges separating tectonic plates.

Different types of lithospheric plates: continental and oceanic.

Characteristics of the continental lithosphere: thickness, composition, and density.

Characteristics of the oceanic lithosphere: thickness, composition, and density.

Comparison of continental and oceanic lithospheres in terms of age, thickness, density, and rock type.

Discussion on primary and secondary plates, with primary plates being larger.

Identification of Earth's seven primary plates and their names.

Naming convention of primary plates based on continents, with the exception of the Pacific plate.

Examples of secondary plates and their distinction by size.

Scientific basis for dividing lithospheric plates using data on earthquakes, volcanic activities, and mountain ranges.

The distribution of geological events and features along plate boundaries as evidence for plate tectonics.

Conclusion of the lesson with an invitation for questions and further discussion.

Transcripts

hi students i am miss

deya el mundo and today i will be

discussing to you our first lesson for

grade 10 science

which is all about the lithosphere are

you excited

by the way this lesson is anchored with

a division made module

of sdo kalokan for grade 10 science

week one entitled lithosphere

the rocky skin of earth the most

essential learning competency to be

tackled here

is describe and relate the distribution

of active volcanoes

earthquake epicenters and major mountain

belts to plate tectonic fury

with the code that you can see on the

screen

in this lesson we would also like to

describe the earth's lithosphere and

differentiate oceanic and continental

crust

infer that the earth's lithosphere is

divided into plates

[Music]

identify the major lithospheric plates

and determine the scientific basis

for dividing the lithospheric plates

so without further ado let's start our

learning for the day

let me show you a picture

[Music]

what is this

correct it's a world map what can you

see in a world map

that's right in a world map you can see

countries

continents oceans islands

all with different colors

i'm sure that you are very much aware of

the different features of a map

since you have been using this in your

lower grades

especially in your araling palipunan

subject

now let's see the next map

have you seen this map before

what is this map all about

is the world shown in the first map

different from the world

shown in this map

[Music]

now let's place them side by side

as you can see both are maps of the

world

however the first map which you can see

on the left side of the screen

shows the waters that we have

when i say waters i mean the seas and

the oceans

the map on the right on the other hand

only shows

all the plates in the world which

includes all the land and even the land

below the water

and we call all this land the

lithosphere

let's inspect the right map further

in this map we can see tectonic plates

and plate boundaries

the smaller sections of the lithosphere

are called

tectonic plates

this yellow plate is one tectonic plate

this brown land is also one tectonic

plate

and same with this small pieces

they are all called tectonic plates

plate boundaries on the other hand are

edges that separate the tectonic plates

with one another

[Music]

if this is one plate the pacific plate

and this is the nazca plate which is

another tectonic plate

then the line in between them is a plate

boundary

as we can see in the map there are lots

of plate boundaries

all over the world

[Music]

now let's go to the different types of

lithospheric plates

what are the two types of lithospheric

plates again

[Music]

correct we have the continental

lithosphere

and the oceanic lithosphere

first let's discuss the continental

lithosphere

[Music]

the continental lithosphere is thick and

is found

under land masses it has an average

thickness of 25 to 70 kilometers

and is composed of old rocks

[Music]

it has an average density of 2.7 grams

per centimeter cube

and majority of the rocks that make up

continental lithosphere

are called granite well this is how

a granite looks like

on the other hand for oceanic

[Music]

lithosphere

is thinner compared to continental crust

or continental lithosphere

with an average thickness of 7 to 10

kilometers

it is younger according to studies than

continental crust

and is denser with an average density of

3.0 grams per centimeter cube

now if continental lithosphere is

usually made

up of granite rock oceanic lithosphere

is usually made up

of basalt or basalt rocks which

looks like this

[Music]

here is another diagram showing the

continental crust and the oceanic crust

as we can see here the continental crust

is much

thicker compared to the oceanic rust

however the oceanic rust is denser

or has greater density compared to

continental crust

and in this diagram it can be seen

that the lithosphere

is made up of both the crust

and the upper mantle

now let's try to fill in this table

comparing

the different characteristics of

continental lithosphere

and oceanic lithosphere first

the relative age

which is older and which is younger

[Music]

correct continental lithosphere is older

than oceanic lithosphere

how about the relative thickness

that's right continental

lithosphere although it is older it is

thicker than oceanic lithosphere

next the relative density

[Music]

which is denser

[Music]

okay so oceanic lithosphere

is denser than continental lithosphere

if you remember the numbers the average

density of continental lithosphere is

around

2.7 grams per centimeter cube while an

oceanic lithosphere will have an average

of 3.0

grams per cubic centimeter

finally the type of rock

very good continental plates or

continental lithosphere

are mostly made up of granite while

oceanic lithosphere

is made up of basalt or basalt

so now you have already learned the

basic differences between continental

lithosphere and oceanic lithosphere

let's now move on to the different types

of plates

we have two types of plates

we have primary plates and secondary

plates

now what do you think is the difference

between the two

okay so primary plates are called

primary

because they are larger than the

secondary plates so that is only

or basically the difference between the

two

the earth has seven primary plates and

eight secondary plates

[Music]

given the map here can you name some

primary plates

[Music]

okay so the earth's primary plates are

[Music]

of course the pacific plate

the north american plate

eurasian plate

african plate

antarctic plate

australian plate

and south american plate

now what do you notice about the names

of these primary plates

very good

most names of these primary plates are

taken

from the names of the continents except

pacific plate

however pacific plate is the plate

that can be found under the pacific

ocean

on the other hand eurasian plate is like

the combination of europe

and asia which basically sits

on the same tectonic plate

so now let's go to the secondary plates

can you name some of them

as stated a while ago secondary plates

are smaller than primary plates

[Music]

the secondary plates are

juan de fuka plate can we find one the

foca plate this one

this small plate

nazca plate

[Music]

coco split

caribbean plate

philippine plate

arabian plate

engine plate

and scotch and plate

see they are very easy to find because

you can distinguish

primary plates from secondary plates by

their sizes

now we are done with the different types

of plates according to composition

and then the different types of plates

according to

sizes let's go now to this question

[Music]

what is the basis of scientists for

dividing lithospheric plates

how did they know is there really a

physical boundary between these plates

how did they know that the shape of the

arabian plate is like this

how did they know that the philippine

plate is

just this one okay we know that the

philippines is not

with this shape because the philippine

is

an archipelago but then how did they

come up with

this divisions

any wild guess

[Music]

to help us answer that question let's

look at these pictures

which can be found in your modules

the first one is the map of distribution

of earthquake epicenters

which are shown in the darker areas so

this means that these darker

areas represent areas where

most of the earthquakes occur of course

other areas would also have earthquakes

but then most of the earthquakes

would happen in this dark

area next we also have

the map of volcanic

activities now what do you notice

[Music]

okay so just like the map of the

distribution of earthquake

epicenters the second map

would also show points

or places where there are more volcanoes

or volcanic eruptions

compared to other places

[Music]

for example this area

has more volcanic activities compared to

the center

of this area and we also have

other volcanic activities

in these places

third we also have the map of the major

mountain ranges in the world

the third map is quite different

from the first and second map because

the center of the map is not the pacific

ocean

as you can see the pacific ocean is

divided into two places

instead of being in the center the

pacific ocean is found on the left side

and on the right side but then as you

can see

most of the mountain belts are found in

this area

and in these areas

all right now can you see any

similarities

among the three pictures

or diagrams

okay i'll give you 20 seconds to think

of it and if you are done please

comment your answers on the

chat box

[Music]

okay so you said

that most of the

highlighted areas are found in the

pacific ring of fire that is correct so

the one

being shown in the second map is

actually the pacific ring of fire

okay so

we can say that

the three geologic events and features

that are being shown in the three

diagrams which are the earthquakes

in the first map active volcanoes in the

second map

and major mountain ranges in the third

map

they are distributed near or along

plate boundaries

okay so if we compare for example the

second map

from the first map that you have been

seeing a while ago

if you will look at the boundaries of

the pacific ocean

or boundaries of the pacific plate it is

very similar

to the marks showing the

active volcanoes okay

also here we have the nazca plate okay

you can see here that there

are dots that seem to be part of a

line or a boundary so therefore we can

say that

scientists have been using these events

and features

as bases for identifying the plate

boundaries because of course

these plate boundaries are not there in

the first place

okay so scientists have to gather lots

of data which

includes earthquake data

volcanic eruption data and the

present mountain ranges in order for

them to plot

these plate boundaries all right

so any questions

[Music]

so if there are no more questions this

would be the end of our discussion

so i hope you have understood the lesson

for today and if you have

questions that you are just shy to ask

about please

don't hesitate to send me a message

or post us a comment

and then i'll try to answer them as soon

as i see them

so that's all for today goodbye and

thank you for watching