📖 Colocação dos Pronomes Oblíquos Átonos: 3 proibições, 1 regra, 2 exceções

Summary

This video lesson on pronominal placement in Portuguese focuses on understanding the correct positioning of pronouns within sentences. The instructor covers key concepts such as clitic pronouns, their proper placement through the three possible forms—proclisis, enclisis, and mesoclisis—and introduces essential rules and exceptions. Students learn that knowing the prohibitions (such as not starting a sentence with a pronoun or using it after a future tense) is crucial. The instructor also provides helpful mantras and examples, making it easier to remember the rules. The lesson aims to help learners master pronoun placement with clarity and confidence.

Takeaways

• 😀 It is acceptable to use both 'me viu' and 'viu-me' in a sentence, as both are correct in Portuguese grammar.
• 😀 The phrase 'te amo' is an exception where pronoun placement rules do not apply. The correct form should include the subject pronoun, not just 'te amo' on its own.
• 😀 The lesson teaches three possible placements for pronouns: 1) Ênclise (after the verb), 2) Próclise (before the verb), 3) Mesóclise (in the middle of the verb).
• 😀 Mesóclise is only allowed with verbs in the future tense (either future of the present or future of the past).
• 😀 The rule for correct pronoun placement starts with the three prohibitions: 1) Cannot start a sentence with an enclitic pronoun, 2) Cannot place pronouns after future tense verbs, 3) Cannot place pronouns after the past participle.
• 😀 The mantra 'what is not prohibited is correct' is a simple guide to determine if a sentence is correct regarding pronoun placement.
• 😀 The main grammatical rule is: when there is an invariant word before the verb (like a preposition, conjunction, or pronoun), the pronoun must be placed before the verb (próclise).
• 😀 There are two exceptions to the rule of 'próclise' when an invariant word is present: 1) If the verb is in the infinitive, both próclise and ênclise are correct; 2) With certain coordinating conjunctions, both próclise and ênclise are allowed.
• 😀 Infinitive verbs always accept ênclise (the pronoun can come after the verb), even when there is an invariant word before the verb.
• 😀 Conjunctions like 'porém', 'mas', 'entretanto' (coordinating conjunctions) allow both próclise and ênclise, making them an exception to the general placement rules.

Q & A

What is the main focus of the lesson in the transcript?

The main focus of the lesson is teaching the correct placement of pronouns in sentences, specifically focusing on the use of object pronouns (átonos) and the rules governing their placement.

What are the three possible positions of a pronoun in a sentence?

The three possible positions are: 1) Enclisis (when the pronoun follows the verb), 2) Proclisis (when the pronoun precedes the verb), and 3) Mesoclis (when the pronoun is placed between the root and the verb's endings, which only happens with future tenses).

What are the three prohibitions in pronoun placement that are highlighted in the lesson?

The three prohibitions are: 1) It is prohibited to start a sentence with an object pronoun, 2) It is prohibited to place a pronoun after a verb in the future tense, and 3) It is prohibited to place a pronoun after a past participle.

Why is it wrong to say 'me empresta um lápis' in formal language?

In formal language, it is incorrect because you cannot start a sentence with an object pronoun. The correct way would be 'empresta-me um lápis,' using enclisis instead.

What is the key rule for pronoun placement when an invariant word precedes the verb?

The rule states that when an invariant word (such as a preposition or conjunction) precedes the verb, the pronoun must be placed before the verb using proclisis.

Can you give examples of words that are considered 'attractive' or 'invariant' in the context of pronoun placement?

Examples of 'attractive' or 'invariant' words include: indefinite pronouns (like 'alguém', 'nada'), interrogative pronouns (like 'quem'), prepositions (like 'para'), and subordinating conjunctions (like 'embora', 'porque'). These words always cause the pronoun to come before the verb (proclisis).

What is the exception to the rule of placing pronouns before the verb when an invariant word is present?

The first exception is that when the verb is in the infinitive form, the pronoun can be placed either before or after the verb (proclisis or enclisis). For example, 'para me enviar' or 'para enviar-me' are both correct.

How does the use of coordinating conjunctions create an exception in pronoun placement?

Coordinating conjunctions (such as 'mas', 'porém') allow both proclisis and enclisis after them, even though they are normally considered invariant words. This is an exception to the usual rule where invariant words attract the pronoun to precede the verb.

What is the mantra 'infinitivo sempre aceita ênclise' about?

The mantra 'infinitivo sempre aceita ênclise' means that when the verb is in the infinitive form, the pronoun can always be placed after the verb using enclisis, even when there is an invariant word before the verb.

What are the two exceptions in pronoun placement that are mentioned in the lesson?

The two exceptions are: 1) When the verb is in the infinitive form, the pronoun can be placed after the verb (enclisis), even if an invariant word precedes it, and 2) When a coordinating conjunction is used, both proclisis and enclisis are acceptable.