Direitos das Pessoas com Deficiência: o que são e como surgiram? | Projeto Equidade

Summary

This video delves into the history, rights, and inclusion of people with disabilities, highlighting the challenges they have faced throughout history, from ancient civilizations to modern times. It explains how societal attitudes have evolved, from discrimination to a more inclusive approach driven by movements post-World War II. The video covers key milestones, such as the UN's 1971 Declaration and Brazil's 1988 Constitution, which recognize the rights of people with disabilities. Despite legal advancements, the video emphasizes that real inclusion is still a work in progress, urging society to eliminate prejudice and fully implement these rights in practice.

Takeaways

• 😀 Around 15% of the global population has some form of disability, yet 75% of children with disabilities worldwide do not have access to quality inclusive education.
• 😀 Disability is now understood as the result of the interaction between a person and the environment, rather than a mere incapacity.
• 😀 The history of how disabilities have been treated varies across societies, with ancient Egypt showing some level of integration and ancient Greece and Rome rejecting and even sacrificing individuals with disabilities.
• 😀 During the Middle Ages, disability was seen as a divine punishment, but Christianity influenced the treatment of disabled individuals, emphasizing their care rather than sacrifice.
• 😀 After World War II, the integration of people with disabilities became a more pressing social issue due to the large number of war survivors with physical disabilities.
• 😀 The United Nations played a significant role in the 1970s by producing documents outlining the rights of people with disabilities, such as the 1971 Declaration of the Rights of Mentally Disabled Persons.
• 😀 The 1975 UN Declaration of the Rights of Disabled Persons emphasized human rights and equality, marking a shift toward understanding disability as a social issue, not just an individual problem.
• 😀 The 2006 UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities marked a significant milestone, influencing global policies and reinforcing rights like justice, education, and equality.
• 😀 In Brazil, people with disabilities were largely excluded from society until the 1988 Constitution, which was the first to fully recognize their citizenship and rights.
• 😀 The Brazilian Statute of the Person with Disabilities, enacted in 2015, established comprehensive protections, including rights to accessibility, equality, non-discrimination, health, and education, but challenges remain in fully integrating people with disabilities into society.

Q & A

What percentage of the global population has some form of disability?

Currently, approximately 15% of the global population has some form of disability.

What is the key reason why 75% of children with disabilities around the world lack access to inclusive education?

The lack of access to inclusive education for children with disabilities is mainly due to societal exclusion and discrimination.

What are the rights of people with disabilities intended to protect?

The rights of people with disabilities are intended to protect them from discrimination and ensure their integration and social development.

How is disability defined in the context of this script?

Disability is defined as the interaction between a person and their environment, meaning it is not about incapacity, but rather a physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory characteristic that may cause an impairment in certain environments.

What was the role of Christianity in shaping the view of disability in the medieval period?

During the medieval period, Christianity influenced the view of disability, seeing it as a divine punishment, which led to people with disabilities being cared for rather than sacrificed, although they were still not fully integrated into society.

What was the significance of the Second World War in the history of disability rights?

The Second World War resulted in a significant number of survivors with disabilities, especially physical ones, which led to a growing need to integrate them into society, including the workforce, thus increasing focus on disability rights.

What is the 'biomedical model' of disability, and how was it criticized?

The biomedical model of disability treated disability as an individual problem or disease, where the person needed care to fit into society. It was criticized for not addressing the role of society in creating barriers for people with disabilities.

What is the 'social model' of disability, and how does it differ from the biomedical model?

The social model of disability views disability as the result of the interaction between the person and an inaccessible environment, arguing that society should adapt to people with disabilities, rather than expecting them to conform to society.

What is the purpose of the 2006 UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities?

The 2006 UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities aims to protect the rights of people with disabilities, ensuring their access to dignity, justice, education, freedom, equality, and more.

How did Brazil's Constitution of 1988 address the rights of people with disabilities?

The Brazilian Constitution of 1988 was the first to recognize the full citizenship of people with disabilities, guaranteeing their fundamental rights such as life, health, education, justice, and work, and prohibiting discrimination, including capacitism.

What is the Brazilian Statute of the Person with Disabilities, and what does it ensure?

The Brazilian Statute of the Person with Disabilities, enacted in 2015, ensures essential rights such as accessibility, equality, non-discrimination, health, and education for people with disabilities, and mandates the elimination of barriers to participation in society.

Despite legal advances, what are some challenges people with disabilities still face in Brazil?

In Brazil, people with disabilities still face challenges in areas such as education and employment. For example, only 43,163 people with disabilities were enrolled in higher education in 2018, and only 1% of people with disabilities were employed.

What does 'capacitism' refer to, and how does it affect people with disabilities?

Capacitism refers to discrimination or prejudice against people with disabilities, where they are viewed as inferior or abnormal. This negative perception often leads to exclusion and limited opportunities for people with disabilities in various aspects of life.