História da Segurança Pública no Brasil Pt. 2

Summary

This video explores the evolution of Brazil's public security system, tracing the origins of various law enforcement institutions. It covers the creation of military police, municipal guards, and federal forces during periods of instability, starting with the regency era in the early 19th century. It also discusses key historical events, such as the Cabanagem and Sabinada revolts, which led to the establishment of organized forces to maintain public order. The development of these institutions highlights their role in shaping Brazil's security structure and the historical importance of police functions in maintaining social order.

Takeaways

• 😀 The monarchy in Brazil faced many challenges in the 19th century, including revolts like Cabanagem, Sabinada, and the Farrapos War.
• 😀 The Brazilian government formed the National Guard in response to the instability, but it was not funded by the government.
• 😀 The National Guard eventually lost its importance and was replaced by the military police in 1919.
• 😀 The creation of municipal guard corps was proposed during the regency period to maintain public order, especially in Rio de Janeiro.
• 😀 The municipal guards became the precursor to military police forces across Brazilian provinces, later formalized by the 1947 Constitution.
• 😀 In 1832, the Code of Criminal Procedure established a new system for judicial and police activities, dividing the provinces into districts.
• 😀 The creation of police delegations and subdelegations in 1841 led to the development of judicial police responsibilities.
• 😀 The Federal Highway Police was created in 1928 under the first national traffic code, later renamed the Federal Road Patrol in 1935.
• 😀 The Federal Police was established in 1944 and became a key part of Brazil's national security system, especially after the move of the capital to Brasília in 1960.
• 😀 Historically, policing functions were often carried out by private groups or the judicial system, reflecting the state’s early lack of centralized power.
• 😀 The development of police institutions worldwide often occurred during times of public unrest, such as in Ancient Rome, revolutionary France, and post-independence America.

Q & A

What were some of the major revolts during the early reign of Pedro II?

The major revolts included Cabanagem in Pará, Sabinada in Bahia, Balaiada in Maranhão, and Guerra dos Farrapos in Rio Grande do Sul. These uprisings created significant instability and affected public safety.

Why did the government decide to create the National Guard?

The government created the National Guard to maintain public order and security, as there were concerns about the involvement of militias and local troops with the rebels. The National Guard was seen as a way to prevent further disruptions.

When did the National Guard cease to exist?

The National Guard was disbanded in 1919 after losing its importance, and its role was largely taken over by the military police forces.

What role did the military police play after the disbanding of the National Guard?

After the National Guard was dissolved, military police forces took over the role of auxiliary and reserve forces of the army, as stipulated by law 3.216 of 1917.

What were the four main phases of the regency period?

The regency period was divided into four phases: the Provisional Regency, the Trina Regency (1831-1835), and two Unitary Regents (1835-1837 and 1837-1840).

How did the government attempt to maintain public order during the regency period?

During the regency, Father Antônio Diogo Feijó, the Minister of Justice, proposed the creation of permanent municipal guard bodies to maintain order, which was approved by the General Assembly in 1831.

What was the significance of the police system created in the provinces after 1834?

After 1834, the provinces gained the autonomy to create their own police forces, following the model of the municipal guards in Rio de Janeiro, which later evolved into the military police.

How did the role of the police evolve in Brazil in the 19th century?

Initially, police functions were carried out by private groups and judges, but over time, institutions like the Civil Police and Military Police were created, formalizing and expanding the state's role in maintaining public order.

What led to the creation of the Federal Police in Brazil?

The Federal Police was created in 1944 during the Estado Novo regime, initially as the Department of Federal Public Security, and was restructured into the Federal Police in 1967 following the new constitution.

What was the role of the police in the historical context of public safety and governance?

The police played a crucial role in maintaining public order, particularly in times of political unrest and revolution. Historically, the police emerged during periods of heightened criminal activity or social unrest, as seen in ancient Rome, France, and Brazil.