“SUKU MADURA” Edi wahyudi_077_2C

Summary

The script explores the culture, history, and social aspects of the Madura people in Indonesia. It discusses their origins, tracing back to legends of migration and separation from Java. With a population of over 7 million, the Madura are known for their strong work ethic, high regard for family honor, and religious devotion, primarily practicing Sunni Islam. The script highlights their significant presence in various regions, including Java and abroad. Notable cultural elements like *carok* (a traditional form of duel for settling disputes) and their role as traders and farmers are also discussed, showcasing their resilience and adaptability.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Madurese people originate from Madura Island and its surrounding islands, with a population of approximately 7.179 million as of 2010.
• 😀 The history of the Madurese is unclear, with some legends suggesting they fled from Java or separated from Javanese kings to maintain their independence.
• 😀 Madurese people have a strong work ethic and are known for migrating for better opportunities due to the challenging farming conditions on Madura Island.
• 😀 The Madurese are primarily Sunni Muslims and hold strong religious beliefs, with those who complete the Hajj pilgrimage gaining great respect in their communities.
• 😀 Madura culture is deeply tied to pesantren (Islamic boarding schools), with different levels of education, such as Kiai, Pinter, Santre, and Bening Santre.
• 😀 The Madurese are famous for their culinary contributions, particularly for their signature dish, sate Madura.
• 😀 Many Madurese people are involved in trade, with a notable presence as street vendors, iron traders, and market sellers, especially outside of Madura Island.
• 😀 Madurese people are known for their strong sense of honor, with regional differences in behavior, where Eastern Madurese are seen as more refined and Western Madurese more rugged.
• 😀 The Carok tradition is a controversial practice among the Madurese, where disputes are settled through a one-on-one fight, often using sharp weapons like a machete.
• 😀 Despite the negative legal perception of Carok, it remains an important cultural tradition for some Madurese, who view it as a way to defend personal honor.

Q & A

What is the origin of the Madurese ethnic group?

The origin of the Madurese people is not definitively known, but there are several folklore stories. One version suggests they were the original inhabitants of Java who fled from the pressure of new immigrants. Another theory proposes that they are descendants of Javanese people who separated and refused to submit to the rule of Javanese kings.

Where is the Madurese ethnic group primarily located?

The Madurese primarily come from Madura Island and surrounding islands like Gil Raja, Sapudi, Raas, and Kangian. Additionally, they live in East Java, in an area known as Tapal Kuda, which stretches from Pasuruan to Banyuwangi. There is also a significant Madurese population in Kalimantan, Jakarta, Tangerang, Depok, and even in the Middle East, particularly Saudi Arabia.

What is the significance of migration for the Madurese people?

The Madurese have a strong tradition of migration due to the dry and less fertile land of Madura. They often migrate in search of better opportunities, typically working as traders, such as sellers of scrap metal, street vendors, and market traders.

What is the predominant religion among the Madurese people?

The majority of the Madurese people practice Sunni Islam. They are known for their strong devotion to Islam, and the head of a household who performs the Hajj pilgrimage gains high respect in the community.

How are the social structures of Madurese Islamic communities defined?

Madurese Islamic society is closely associated with pesantren (Islamic boarding schools). There are four main levels: Kiai (a religious scholar), Pinter (a graduate who has completed their studies), Santri (a student still studying at a pesantren), and Bening Santri (someone who has never attended a pesantren).

What are the key characteristics of the Madurese people?

The Madurese value honor highly, with personal dignity being paramount. Their reputation for being tough and determined is encapsulated in the saying 'mati-mati itu tulang dari padau,' meaning 'death is the bone of one's being.' The eastern Madurese are considered gentler in manners compared to the western Madurese, who are known to be more resilient due to their harsher environment.

What types of work do the Madurese engage in?

Most Madurese in Madura Island are involved in agriculture, though the land is not highly fertile. They primarily grow rice and tobacco. Many others work as fishermen, salt farmers, or traders. On the mainland of Java, many Madurese work as laborers, sailors, or in food-related businesses, with Madurese cuisine like sate being widely known.

What is 'carok' and why is it significant in Madurese culture?

'Carok' is a traditional Madurese form of resolving disputes, often involving a one-on-one fight to preserve honor. It is considered a controversial custom and is a violent expression of upholding personal dignity, sometimes described as a 'life-for-life' situation. Despite being criticized for its violent nature and contradictions with Islamic teachings, it remains part of the culture, though it has diminished over time.

Why is 'carok' considered a criminal act by outsiders?

'Carok' is seen as a criminal act by outsiders because it involves physical combat with weapons, often resulting in injury or death. It is considered to be a violent, illegal practice that contradicts the laws and the teachings of Islam, despite its cultural significance within the Madurese community.

How does the Madurese culture view honor and personal dignity?

Honor and personal dignity are central to Madurese culture. The concept of 'carok' exemplifies this value, where a person must defend their honor, often through physical confrontation. The Madurese believe that maintaining one's honor, sometimes at great personal cost, is essential to their identity and social standing.