SISTEM EKSKRESI PADA ORGAN HATI || kelompok 2 ll 11 MIPA 4 ‼️

Summary

The transcript provides a detailed explanation of the liver as an excretory organ. It highlights the liver's size, location, structure, and its vital functions such as storing energy in the form of glycogen, producing important proteins like albumin, and detoxifying the blood. The liver continuously produces bile, which aids in digestion by emulsifying fats and activating lipase. It also breaks down hemoglobin, producing bilirubin and biliverdin, which contribute to the color of bile. The liver’s essential role in maintaining body functions through the excretion of waste and digestion is emphasized.

Takeaways

• 😀 The liver is the largest internal organ in the human body, weighing around 1.5 kg, which is about 3-5% of total body weight.
• 😀 The liver is located in the upper right part of the abdomen, beneath the rib cage, and consists of two main lobes: the left and right lobes.
• 😀 The liver contains a bile sac located under the right lobe, connected to the bile duct, which helps in bile production.
• 😀 Liver tissue is made up of smaller units called lobules, which have a hexagonal shape and are about 1 mm in length.
• 😀 The liver is protected by a capsule known as the hepatic capsule, and it contains blood vessels like the hepatic artery and the portal vein.
• 😀 Hepatocytes are the primary cells in the liver, and between them are lacunae, with sinusoidal spaces separating the hepatocytes from each other.
• 😀 The liver functions as an energy storage organ, storing glycogen and vitamins A, B, C, D, E, and K.
• 😀 The liver produces essential chemicals such as albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, and prothrombin for the body.
• 😀 It also detoxifies harmful substances in the bloodstream and excretes bile, which is essential for digestion.
• 😀 The liver produces between 800-1000 mL of bile daily, which contains water, bile acids, salts, cholesterol, phospholipids, pigments like bilirubin and biliverdin, and various ions.
• 😀 Bile plays a crucial role in digesting and emulsifying fats, activating lipase, and converting insoluble substances into water-soluble forms, as well as forming urea and ammonia.

Q & A

What is the liver, and where is it located in the human body?

The liver is the largest internal organ in the human body, weighing about 1.5 kg, or 3-5% of body weight. It is located in the upper right side of the abdomen, beneath the ribcage.

How is the liver structured?

The liver has two main lobes, the left and right lobes, with a gallbladder located beneath the right lobe. Each lobe contains lobules, the smallest functional units of the liver, which are hexagonal in shape and about 1 mm long.

What is the function of the liver’s capsule?

The liver's outer layer is protected by a membrane called the hepatic capsule, which helps shield the liver from injury.

What blood vessels are found in the liver?

The liver contains several blood vessels, including the hepatic artery and the portal vein, which supply blood to the liver for processing and detoxification.

What are hepatocytes, and what role do they play in the liver?

Hepatocytes are the liver's main cells, which are responsible for a variety of functions such as detoxification, protein production, and energy storage.

What are some of the key functions of the liver?

The liver functions to store energy in the form of glycogen, store vitamins A, B, C, D, E, and K, produce essential proteins like albumin, globulin, and fibrinogen, and detoxify harmful substances in the blood.

How does the liver contribute to excretion?

As an excretory organ, the liver continuously produces bile, which aids in the breakdown of old hemoglobin into heme, iron, and globin. These components are either stored or recycled in the body, while bile pigments like bilirubin and biliverdin are excreted.

What is the role of bile in digestion?

Bile helps with the digestion and emulsification of fats in the intestine, activates lipase, and transforms insoluble substances into soluble ones, aiding in fat digestion.

How does the liver process old hemoglobin?

The liver breaks down old hemoglobin into heme, which is converted into bilirubin and biliverdin, and iron, which is stored in the liver or sent to the bone marrow for reuse.

How much bile does the liver produce daily, and what does it contain?

The liver produces between 800-1000 mL of bile daily. This bile contains water, bile acids, bile salts, cholesterol, phospholipids, bile pigments (bilirubin and biliverdin), and various ions.