BAGAIMANA AWAL DAN RUNTUHNYA KERAJAAN MAJAPAHIT? | SEJARAH SINGKAT

Summary

The video script chronicles the rise and fall of the Majapahit Empire, starting from the reign of Kertanegara in the late 13th century. It explores key events like the Mongol invasion, the rise of Raden Wijaya, and the strategic alliances that led to the establishment of Majapahit. The script details the empire's peak under Hayam Wuruk and Gajah Mada, its internal strife, the rise of the Demak Sultanate, and the eventual decline of Majapahit due to political fragmentation, foreign interference, and military defeat. The fall of Majapahit marks a significant shift in Southeast Asian history, paving the way for the dominance of Islam in the region.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Singhasari kingdom in Java was led by the ambitious King Kertanagara, who rejected Mongol dominance and paid a heavy price for it.
• 😀 In 1289, Kublai Khan sent envoys to demand tribute from Kertanagara, who insulted them, leading to Mongol retaliation.
• 😀 Kertanagara's death in 1292 by a rebellion led by Jayakatwang paved the way for Raden Wijaya's escape and eventual rise to power.
• 😀 Raden Wijaya, with help from Mongol forces, defeated Jayakatwang, ultimately founding the Majapahit kingdom in 1293.
• 😀 The name 'Majapahit' is derived from the bitter-tasting 'maja' fruit found in the area, symbolizing the kingdom's roots in the region.
• 😀 Raden Wijaya, after founding Majapahit, moved the capital to Trowulan and established a strong government.
• 😀 The reign of Raden Wijaya was followed by his son Jayanegara, whose weak leadership triggered internal revolts.
• 😀 Gajah Mada, a loyal general, saved Jayanegara and later played a key role in the suppression of the Rakuti rebellion.
• 😀 Jayanegara’s assassination in 1328 marked a turbulent period for Majapahit, with internal strife and power struggles.
• 😀 Under Tribhuwana, Majapahit experienced stability and expansion, with Gajah Mada's famous Sumpah Palapa vow in 1336 to unite the archipelago.
• 😀 Hayam Wuruk's reign (1350-1389) represented the height of Majapahit's power, leading to the unification of most of the archipelago and significant cultural achievements.
• 😀 The Battle of Bubat in 1357 between Majapahit and the Sunda Kingdom remains a controversial event, marking the beginning of tensions with Sunda.
• 😀 After Hayam Wuruk's death, internal power struggles, including the civil war between Kusumawardani's faction and Wirabumi, weakened Majapahit's rule.
• 😀 By 1478, Majapahit began to decline, and the rise of the Demak Sultanate eventually led to Majapahit's fall, signaling a shift to Islam as the dominant force in Java.

Q & A

Who was Kertanagara and what was his role in the rise of the Majapahit Empire?

Kertanagara was the king of Singasari, known for his ambitious attempts to expand his power across the Indonesian archipelago and his resistance against Mongol influence. His refusal to acknowledge Mongol supremacy led to his conflict with Kublai Khan and the eventual Mongol invasion of Java.

What triggered the Mongol invasion of Java in 1293?

The Mongol invasion was triggered by King Kertanagara's refusal to submit to Mongol authority and his humiliation of Mongol envoys by mutilating their faces, which angered Kublai Khan and led to the military expedition to Java.

How did Raden Wijaya contribute to the establishment of the Majapahit Empire?

Raden Wijaya played a crucial role in the establishment of the Majapahit Empire by escaping a rebellion led by Jaya Katwang, aligning with Mongol forces to defeat Jaya Katwang, and then ultimately turning against the Mongols to secure his rule. He was crowned the first king of Majapahit in 1293.

Why is the name 'Majapahit' significant and what does it mean?

The name 'Majapahit' is derived from the 'maja' fruit, which is bitter in taste, and the word 'tikta,' meaning bitter. It symbolizes the bitterness of the fruit, and the name reflects the region's history and cultural heritage.

What challenges did Jayanegara face during his reign as king of Majapahit?

Jayanegara faced significant challenges during his reign, including internal instability and rebellion, due to his perceived weakness and lack of strong leadership. His rule was further complicated by intrigues within the royal court.

Who was Gajah Mada and what role did he play in Majapahit?

Gajah Mada was a loyal and ambitious general under Majapahit. He played a key role in stabilizing the kingdom, suppressing rebellions, and expanding Majapahit's influence. He is most famous for his 'Sumpah Palapa' oath to unite the archipelago.

What was the significance of the Sumpah Palapa and its impact on Majapahit?

The Sumpah Palapa, taken by Gajah Mada in 1336, was a vow to conquer and unite the kingdoms of the Nusantara under Majapahit's rule. This vow marked the beginning of significant military campaigns and territorial expansions during Gajah Mada's leadership.

How did Hayam Wuruk's reign contribute to the peak of Majapahit’s power?

Under Hayam Wuruk's reign, Majapahit reached its greatest territorial and cultural height. With Gajah Mada's leadership, the empire successfully unified nearly the entire Nusantara, and significant cultural achievements, including the writing of the 'Negara Kertagama,' were made.

What was the cause and outcome of the War of Bubat?

The War of Bubat was caused by a diplomatic conflict between Majapahit and the Sunda Kingdom over the marriage of Diah Pitaloka. Tensions led to a violent confrontation, resulting in the death of the Sunda king, his entourage, and Diah Pitaloka, causing long-lasting damage to Majapahit's relations with Sunda.

What led to the decline of Majapahit and its eventual fall?

The decline of Majapahit was a result of internal power struggles, weak leadership after Hayam Wuruk's death, and external threats, particularly from the rising power of the Demak Sultanate. The kingdom's final blow came when the Demak forces captured Trowulan in 1527, marking the end of Majapahit's dominance.