PROTOCOLO DE KYOTO | História | Quer Que Desenhe | Descomplica

Summary

The Kyoto Protocol, established in 1997, was an international agreement aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change. It set binding emission reduction targets for developed countries, while developing nations like Brazil, China, and India had no fixed targets. Although the U.S. withdrew from the agreement, the Protocol significantly raised awareness about environmental issues and the need for sustainable practices. It laid the groundwork for future efforts, including the Paris Agreement, to combat global warming and promote the use of renewable energy sources. The Kyoto Protocol highlighted the urgency of reducing pollution to secure a sustainable future for the planet.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, established after extensive debates in the late 20th century.
• 😀 Signed in 1997 in Kyoto, the protocol set binding emission reduction targets for developed countries, with a goal of reducing emissions by 5.2% between 2008 and 2012 compared to 1990 levels.
• 😀 The European Union committed to an 8% reduction, while Japan set a target of 7%. Developing countries like Brazil, China, and India did not have fixed targets.
• 😀 The United States, under President George W. Bush, refused to ratify the protocol, citing concerns about economic impacts and the lack of emission reduction obligations for developing countries.
• 😀 The protocol came into force in 2005 after Russia's ratification, which met the minimum requirement of 55 countries representing 55% of global emissions.
• 😀 The protocol was a significant step in addressing climate change as it was the first international plan focused on reducing air pollution and combating climate change.
• 😀 Human activities, such as industrialization, deforestation, and the use of combustion engines, have contributed to environmental damage, including the greenhouse effect and global warming.
• 😀 Since the late 19th century, global temperatures have risen by approximately 0.98°C, leading to extreme weather events, including record heat waves in 2018/2019.
• 😀 Accelerated ice melting in the Arctic is another visible consequence of rising global temperatures, impacting ecosystems and global climate patterns.
• 😀 The Kyoto Protocol's importance lies in its legacy, including increased environmental awareness and the push for renewable energy sources and sustainable agriculture to reduce pollution.
• 😀 Following the expiration of the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement was established to continue global efforts to limit temperature increases to 1.5-2°C by the end of the 21st century.

Q & A

What was the main goal of the Kyoto Protocol?

The Kyoto Protocol aimed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in order to combat climate change. Specifically, it sought to lower emissions by at least 5.2% from 1990 levels between 2008 and 2012.

When and where was the Kyoto Protocol created?

The Kyoto Protocol was created in 1997 in Kyoto, Japan, after extensive international negotiations involving environmentalists and world leaders.

Why did the United States refuse to ratify the Kyoto Protocol?

The United States refused to ratify the Kyoto Protocol because it disagreed with the differentiated responsibilities for developed and developing nations, especially the lack of fixed emission reduction targets for developing countries like China and India. The U.S. also feared the economic impact of the protocol.

Which countries were required to meet emission reduction targets under the Kyoto Protocol?

The Kyoto Protocol targeted developed countries to meet emission reduction goals. For example, the European Union committed to an 8% reduction, and Japan aimed for a 7% reduction. Developing countries, such as Brazil, China, and India, were not given fixed targets.

What is the significance of the Kyoto Protocol in the fight against climate change?

The Kyoto Protocol was the first international agreement focused on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and addressing global warming. It set the stage for later climate agreements like the Paris Agreement by raising awareness and encouraging policy changes.

What were the key flexible mechanisms introduced by the Kyoto Protocol to reduce emissions?

The Kyoto Protocol introduced three flexible mechanisms to help countries meet their emission targets without harming their economies: 1) Emissions Trading, 2) Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), and 3) Joint Implementation (JI).

What is the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)?

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) allowed developed countries to invest in emission-reduction projects in developing countries, promoting sustainable development while also helping them meet their emission targets.

What role did the Kyoto Protocol play in raising environmental awareness?

The Kyoto Protocol played a significant role in raising global awareness about the environmental impacts of climate change, especially the dangers of rising greenhouse gas emissions and global warming.

How did the Kyoto Protocol address the economic impact of emission reductions?

The Kyoto Protocol included flexible mechanisms such as emissions trading and joint implementation, which allowed countries to reduce emissions in cost-effective ways without severely affecting their economies.

How did the Kyoto Protocol contribute to the creation of the Paris Agreement?

Although the Kyoto Protocol did not achieve all its targets, it provided the foundation for future climate agreements, particularly the Paris Agreement. The Paris Agreement builds on the lessons learned from Kyoto, aiming to limit global warming to below 2°C by the end of the century.