Medical Terminology Signs and Symptoms and Pathology of the Eyes

Summary

This medical video by Dr. A discusses the signs, symptoms, and pathologies related to the eye. It covers a wide range of conditions including drooping eyelids (blepharoptosis), double vision (diplopia), night blindness (nyctalopia), and age-related vision changes (presbyopia). The video also highlights common eye pathologies such as cataracts, glaucoma, and macular degeneration, explaining their causes and effects on vision. Additionally, it explores infections like conjunctivitis (pink eye) and more serious conditions like retinal detachment and retinoblastoma, providing valuable insight into various eye disorders.

Takeaways

• 👁️ Blepharoptosis is a drooping eyelid, while cycloplegia refers to the paralysis of the ciliary body.
• 👁️ Nyctalopia is night blindness, and presbyopia involves vision changes due to aging.
• 🧠 Amblyopia, also called lazy eye, is a loss of vision not caused by eye pathology.
• 👓 Hyperopia (farsightedness) means trouble seeing up close, while myopia (nearsightedness) is difficulty seeing far away.
• ⚠️ Glaucoma is increased intraocular pressure that can lead to blindness, while cataracts cause a cloudy lens and diminished vision.
• 🔴 Retinal detachment is the separation of the retina, which can cause blindness, while retinitis pigmentosa is a progressive disease leading to retinal hardening.
• 🦠 Conjunctivitis (pink eye) is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, often due to bacterial infection.
• 💧 Dacryoadenitis and dacryocystitis involve inflammation of the lacrimal gland and sac, respectively.
• 👀 Estropia (cross-eyed) and exotropia (wall-eyed) are forms of strabismus, where the eyes turn inward or outward.
• 🧠 Hemianopia is the loss of vision in half of the visual field, often following a stroke, and nystagmus involves involuntary jerky eye movements.

Q & A

What is blepharoptosis?

Blepharoptosis is the drooping of the eyelid.

What does cycloplegia refer to?

Cycloplegia refers to the paralysis of the ciliary body.

What is the condition of double vision called?

Double vision is known as diplopia.

What is emmetropia?

Emmetropia is a state of normal vision.

What is the cause of night blindness, and what is its medical term?

Night blindness is caused by difficulty seeing in dim light, and it is medically referred to as nyctalopia.

What is ophthalmoplegia?

Ophthalmoplegia is the paralysis of one or more of the extraocular eye muscles.

What is the difference between hyperopia and myopia?

Hyperopia, or farsightedness, is when a person can see distant objects clearly but has difficulty seeing up close, whereas myopia, or nearsightedness, is when a person can see close objects clearly but has difficulty seeing distant objects.

What does glaucoma cause, and what are its potential consequences?

Glaucoma causes increased intraocular pressure, which can result in optic nerve atrophy and lead to blindness.

What is amblyopia, and how is it commonly referred to?

Amblyopia is a loss of vision not due to eye pathology, and it is commonly referred to as a lazy eye.

What is the significance of a cataract in vision?

A cataract is the development of an opaque or cloudy lens, which results in diminished vision.

What is retinoblastoma, and who does it affect?

Retinoblastoma is a malignant eye tumor that occurs in children.

What is conjunctivitis, and what is its common name?

Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva, usually caused by a bacterial infection, and it is commonly known as pink eye.

What is strabismus, and what are its different types?

Strabismus is an eye muscle weakness resulting in eyes looking in different directions simultaneously. Esotropia is inward turning (cross-eyed), and exotropia is outward turning (wall-eyed).

What is macular degeneration, and which part of the eye does it affect?

Macular degeneration is the deterioration of the macular area of the retina, which is responsible for central vision.

What does retinal detachment result in, and how does it occur?

Retinal detachment is the separation of the retina from the choroid layer, damaging blood vessels and nerves, which can result in blindness. It can occur from trauma, such as a blow to the head.

What is photophobia?

Photophobia is a strong sensitivity to bright light.

What is the condition where there is loss of vision in half of the visual field?

Hemianopia is the loss of vision in half of the visual field, often resulting from a stroke.