Почему Православные страны отстают в развитии - часть 1 - зависит ли экономика нации от религии?

Религия и Общество - Religiolog

4 Apr 201919:07

Summary

TLDRThis script explores the economic and cultural disparities between Orthodox and Western Christian nations, suggesting that Orthodox countries lag due to a risk-averse mentality and preference for tradition over innovation. It discusses how historical religious and political factors have shaped these attitudes, drawing on research indicating that Protestant and Catholic countries tend to be more prosperous and open to state involvement. The script also touches on the impact of communism on Orthodox societies and the potential for cultural and religious evolution in the face of modern challenges.

Takeaways

😔 The script discusses the underdevelopment of Orthodox countries compared to their Western counterparts, suggesting cultural and religious factors may play a role.
🏛️ A study by a professor from the London School of Economics and a former Bulgarian vice-premier indicates that Orthodox Christians may be less open to risk-taking and new ideas compared to Catholics and Protestants.
📊 The study found that Protestants are more likely to disagree with state ownership and believe in individual wealth creation, whereas Orthodox Christians prefer stability and state responsibility.
🌍 The script questions whether cultural or religious backgrounds can explain the economic development levels, happiness, and education levels across different regions.
🏆 It points out the scarcity of Nobel laureates from non-Christian, non-Western backgrounds, raising questions about the influence of culture and religion on intellectual achievements.
📚 The script explores the idea that certain religious beliefs might be more conducive to economic prosperity and education, referencing research that links Protestantism with successful European countries.
🔄 The discussion highlights historical and theological differences between Eastern and Western Christianity and how they influenced societal structures and attitudes towards authority and law.
🏘️ The script suggests that Orthodox Christianity's emphasis on humility, obedience, and patience may have hindered progress in Eastern European countries.
🌐 It contrasts the vertical, hierarchical social structures prevalent in Orthodox-influenced countries with the horizontal, individualistic approach of Western Christianity.
📈 The script also touches on the transformation of Catholicism and its more recent alignment with democratic principles, in contrast to Orthodox Christianity's resistance to change.

Q & A

What is the main argument presented by the professor from the London School of Economics regarding the development of Orthodox countries?
-The professor argues that Orthodox countries lag behind their Western counterparts due to cultural and religious factors that make Orthodox Christians less likely to take risks, prefer old ideas over new ones, and rely more on state control and authority.
What does the study by Denev and Nikolova suggest about the differences between Orthodox Christians, Catholics, and Protestants?
-The study suggests that Catholics and Protestants tend to be happier, have more children, and are less likely to agree that state ownership is good or that wealth can only be accumulated at the expense of others compared to Orthodox Christians.
How does the script relate the historical context of the Roman Empire to the current economic development of Orthodox countries?
-The script suggests that the historical context of the Roman Empire, where Constantine moved to Constantinople and brought a significant treasure, influenced the divergent paths of Western and Eastern churches. This divergence influenced the position of the church in society and its involvement in secular power.
What is the significance of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation in the development of Western Europe according to the script?
-The Reformation and Counter-Reformation are highlighted as Western phenomena that contributed to religious individualism, innovations, and a tendency to question authorities, which in turn helped in the development of Western European society and the Industrial Revolution.
How does the script explain the influence of Western Christian ethics on economic development?
-The script explains that Western Christian ethics, with an emphasis on rationalism and logical inquiry, have contributed to economic development by fostering a culture that values innovation, individualism, and questioning of authorities.
What role does the script suggest that the Orthodox Church played in the development of civil society and democracy in Eastern Europe?
-The script suggests that the Orthodox Church was not able to facilitate the creation of a civil society and democracy in Eastern Europe due to its collectivist understanding of human identity and its historical alignment with state authority.
How does the script contrast the economic behavior of Western and Eastern Christianity?
-The script contrasts the economic behavior by suggesting that Western Christianity, with its Protestant ethic, has been more conducive to economic development, while Eastern Orthodoxy, with its emphasis on collectivism and state control, has been less so.
What is the script's view on the role of the Orthodox Church in the political and cultural life of Eastern European countries?
-The script views the Orthodox Church as having a significant influence on the political and cultural life of Eastern European countries, often supporting authoritarian regimes and suppressing religious minorities.
How does the script analyze the impact of the Catholic Church's stance on democracy and religious minorities in comparison to the Orthodox Church?
-The script analyzes that the Catholic Church has been more supportive of democratic forces and tolerant of religious minorities, especially in Latin America, while the Orthodox Church has been more resistant to democratic regimes and less tolerant of religious minorities.
What does the script suggest about the future of religion in Orthodox countries, considering the high level of social intolerance?
-The script suggests that the high level of social intolerance and the Orthodox Church's resistance to change may hinder the spread of democratic values and religious freedom in Orthodox countries.
How does the script connect the historical development of Western and Eastern Christianity to their current attitudes towards religious tolerance and state power?
-The script connects the historical development by highlighting how Western Christianity, through the Reformation, embraced religious tolerance and a separation of church and state, while Eastern Orthodoxy maintained a closer relationship with state power and exhibited less tolerance towards religious minorities.

Outlines

00:00

🌍 Cultural and Religious Impact on Economic Development

This paragraph discusses the relationship between culture, religion, and economic development. It mentions a study by Professor Dayankov from the London School of Economics, suggesting that Orthodox Christians tend to be less happy, have fewer children, and are less inclined to take risks compared to Catholics and Protestants. The study also indicates that Orthodox Christians prefer old ideas over new ones and are more reliant on the state. The paragraph raises questions about the influence of religion on happiness, wealth, and education levels, and it challenges the notion that Orthodox nations are less prosperous due to their religious heritage.

05:02

🏰 The Historical Divergent Paths of Western and Eastern Christianity

This paragraph delves into the historical split between Western and Eastern Christianity, highlighting how the move of Constantine to Constantinople and the subsequent fall of the Roman Empire led to divergent paths for the Western and Eastern Churches. It discusses how the Western Church became wealthier and more independent, while the Eastern Church remained under state control. The paragraph also explores the theological differences between the two branches of Christianity, with Western theology focusing on rationality and leading to the development of Scholasticism, which laid the groundwork for modern science and rational thinking.

10:02

📚 The Influence of Religion on Societal Progress and Individual Rights

The third paragraph examines how different Christian denominations view the relationship between God, humans, and their rights. It contrasts the Protestant emphasis on individual salvation and personal responsibility with the Orthodox emphasis on collective identity and submission to authority. The paragraph also discusses how the Orthodox Church's focus on humility and endurance may have hindered progress in Orthodox countries. Additionally, it touches on the role of religion in shaping economic behavior and attitudes towards authority.

15:03

🔱 The Political and Social Dynamics of Religion

This paragraph explores the political and social implications of religion, particularly the differences in how Protestant and Orthodox countries regulate religion. It notes that Protestant countries tend to have lower levels of government regulation and favoritism towards religion, whereas Orthodox countries often have a more interventionist approach. The paragraph also discusses the Catholic Church's evolution towards a more tolerant stance on religious diversity, in contrast to the Orthodox Church's more rigid defense of traditional values and its resistance to democratic reforms.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Orthodox Christianity

Orthodox Christianity is one of the major branches of Christianity, characterized by its adherence to traditions and doctrines established in the early Church. In the context of the video, it is discussed as a cultural and religious factor potentially influencing the development and economic progress of countries where it is the predominant faith. The script suggests that Orthodox countries tend to lag behind their Western counterparts, possibly due to a cultural inclination towards risk aversion and traditionalism.

💡Catholicism

Catholicism is another major branch of Christianity, with the Pope at its helm. The script contrasts Catholicism with Orthodox Christianity, suggesting that Catholics and Protestants tend to be happier and more open to innovation and individual wealth accumulation compared to Orthodox Christians. This is used to highlight differences in economic and social attitudes among various Christian denominations.

💡Protestantism

Protestantism is a reaction to Catholicism that arose during the Reformation, emphasizing the individual's direct relationship with God and the importance of scripture over tradition. The script points out that Protestant countries are often more prosperous, educated, and have a stronger work ethic, which is linked to their religious values encouraging individualism and rationality.

💡State ownership

State ownership refers to the government's control over industries and resources. The script mentions that Orthodox Christians are more likely to agree that state ownership is good, reflecting a cultural preference for collective responsibility and state intervention in the economy, which contrasts with the more individualistic and capitalist-leaning views of Protestants.

💡Risk aversion

Risk aversion is the tendency to prefer sure outcomes over uncertain ones, even if the expected value of the uncertain option is higher. The script suggests that Orthodox Christians are less likely to take risks, which might hinder innovation and economic growth in Orthodox-influenced societies.

💡Religious influence on politics

Religious influence on politics refers to the impact religious beliefs and institutions have on political systems and policies. The video discusses how different Christian denominations have varying relationships with political power, with Orthodox Christianity being more intertwined with state authority, which can affect the development of democracy and civil society.

💡Communism

Communism is a political and economic ideology that seeks to establish a classless society where the means of production are owned communally. The script posits that Orthodox Christianity's historical compatibility with communism may have influenced the economic and political trajectory of Orthodox countries, potentially contributing to their development lag.

💡Cultural legacy

Cultural legacy refers to the enduring customs, beliefs, and practices passed down from previous generations. The video argues that the cultural legacy of Orthodox Christianity, including its emphasis on tradition and community, may impede happiness and prosperity in Orthodox countries by discouraging innovation and individualism.

💡Economic development

Economic development is the process by which a nation improves the economic, political, and social well-being of its inhabitants. The script explores how religious beliefs and cultural attitudes, particularly within Orthodox Christianity, can either hinder or promote economic development.

💡Secularization

Secularization is the decline of religion's influence in society and the processes by which society becomes more rational and less religious. The script contrasts the secularization of Western societies with the continued influence of the Orthodox Church in Orthodox countries, suggesting that secularization may contribute to economic and social progress.

💡Civil society

Civil society consists of the institutions and organizations that operate outside of government and the economy, typically focused on social, cultural, and political issues. The video discusses how the development of civil society is influenced by religious attitudes, with Orthodox Christianity potentially hindering its growth due to its close ties with the state.

💡Rationalism

Rationalism is the belief that knowledge and understanding come from reason and logic rather than experience or sensory input. The script suggests that Protestantism's emphasis on rationalism and individual reasoning has contributed to the economic and intellectual success of Protestant countries, in contrast to Orthodox Christianity's more traditional and less rational approach.

Highlights

Professor Dayankov from the London School of Economics suggests that Orthodox countries lag in development due to cultural and religious factors.

Orthodox Christians are found to be less risk-taking, preferring old ideas over new ones, and more reliant on state intervention.

Catholics and Protestants tend to be happier, have more children, and are less likely to agree that state ownership is positive.

Protestantism is associated with a higher likelihood to disagree that wealth can only be accumulated at the expense of others.

The cultural and religious differences between Christian denominations have influenced the development paths of European countries.

The article in Bloomberg suggests that Orthodox nations remain stagnant due to their religious roots and communist experiences.

Communism found more fertile ground in Orthodox societies with a history of authoritarianism and risk aversion.

Andrew Johns points out that communism was more successful in Orthodox societies with a collectivist cultural background.

Theological differences between Christian denominations have shaped the economic and political landscape of Europe.

Cultural and religious factors influence economic development, happiness levels, and education.

The lack of Nobel laureates from Islamic, Buddhist, or Hindu backgrounds is noted, suggesting a potential cultural or religious impact.

The translation activity in Spain versus the Arabic world is highlighted as an example of cultural productivity.

The influence of Roman law on Western Christianity and its role in shaping theology and rational thinking is discussed.

The Reformation and Counter-Reformation are identified as Western phenomena that influenced the development of individualism and secularization.

Vladimir Pozner's observations on the choice of Orthodoxy and its impact on the development of civil society and democracy are mentioned.

The contrast between the Western emphasis on rationalism and the Orthodox reliance on authority and tradition is highlighted.

The historical development of the Orthodox Church's role in society and its influence on governance is examined.

The economic ethic of contemporary Orthodoxy is discussed, emphasizing humility, obedience, and patience.

The difference in the approach to heresy and religious tolerance between Catholicism and Orthodoxy is noted.

The potential for the Orthodox Church's stance to evolve over time, similar to the Catholic Church's shift after the Second Vatican Council, is suggested.