Positivismo Jurídico - H.L.A. Hart
Summary
TLDRToday's video delves into Hart's characterization of legal positivism. It discusses the abuse of the term 'legal positivism' and clarifies four distinct aspects often associated with it: the theory of authoritative commands, the separation of law and morality, the importance of language in legal studies, and the coherence of legal systems. Hart critiques the command theory, arguing it fails to differentiate between criminal threats and legitimate law. The video also touches on Hart's analytical jurisprudence and his defense of the first three theses of legal positivism.
Takeaways
- 📚 The video discusses the characterization of legal positivism, a concept from H.L.A. Hart's work.
- 🏛 Hart critiques the misuse of the term 'legal positivism' to refer to different things and distinguishes at least four theses associated with it.
- 💬 The first thesis relates to the theory of commands, where legal norms are seen as orders backed by threats, exemplified by criminal law.
- 🔗 The second thesis is about the separation between law and morality, suggesting that existing law does not necessarily align with what should be law.
- 🗣️ The third thesis emphasizes the importance of language in the study of law, differentiating it from sociological and historical studies of norms.
- 🌐 Hart introduces the concept of 'penumbra' to describe the vagueness in legal language.
- 🔄 The fourth positivism thesis suggests that the legal system is coherent and conclusions can be drawn from the norms within it, aligning with formalism.
- 🤔 The fifth form of positivism is skepticism about ethical truths, questioning the possibility of knowing moral truths.
- 📖 Hart himself supports the first three theses within analytical jurisprudence, which includes the theory of commands, the separation of law and morality, and the importance of legal language.
- ❌ Hart criticizes the theory of commands for not adequately explaining what law is, differentiating between a criminal's threat and a state's legal order.
- 📚 He differentiates between 'primary' norms, which are orders backed by threats, and 'secondary' norms, which establish procedures for creating rights and obligations.
Q & A
What is the main topic of the video?
-The main topic of the video is the discussion of H.L.A. Hart's characterization of legal positivism.
What does Hart say about the term 'legal positivism'?
-Hart argues that the term 'legal positivism' is often misused to refer to different things and that there are at least four different theses commonly associated with legal positivism, but they are independent of each other.
What is the first thesis of legal positivism mentioned in the video?
-The first thesis is about the theory of the mandate of authorities, where legal norms are considered as orders backed by threats, exemplified by criminal law such as the punishment for homicide.
What is the second thesis of legal positivism discussed in the video?
-The second thesis is about the conceptual separation between law and morality, suggesting that existing law does not necessarily correspond to what should be law.
What does Hart emphasize as the third thesis of legal positivism?
-The third thesis emphasizes the importance of language in the study of law, distinguishing it from sociological and historical studies of norms, and highlighting the analysis of linguistic vagueness or the 'zone of penumbra'.
What is the fourth type of positivism that Hart discusses?
-The fourth type of positivism is about the coherence of the legal system, suggesting that it is a coherent whole from which conclusions can be drawn, and that judges must decide in a certain way because there are correct answers within the complete legal order.
What is the fifth form of positivism mentioned in the video?
-The fifth form of positivism is related to ethical skepticism, suggesting that it is not possible to know ethical or moral truths.
Which three theses does Hart defend in his analytical jurisprudence?
-Hart defends the theory of the mandate, the conceptual separation between law and morality, and the importance of the legal space for analyzing norms in his analytical jurisprudence.
What is Hart's criticism of the theory of the mandate?
-Hart criticizes the theory of the mandate because it does not allow us to explain what law is, as it fails to distinguish between an order from a bandit and an order from a democratic state.
What is the difference between primary and secondary rules according to Hart?
-Primary rules are orders backed by threats, whereas secondary rules establish procedures for creating rights and obligations and are not explained through the mandate but represent a different normative structure.
What does the video suggest the audience should do to engage further with the content?
-The video encourages the audience to subscribe to the channel, activate notifications, and comment on what they would like to be discussed in future videos.
Outlines
📚 Introduction to Legal Positivism
This paragraph introduces the topic of the video, which is an exploration of legal positivism, particularly focusing on H.L.A. Hart's characterization of it. It mentions that there are different definitions of legal positivism and that Hart critiques the overuse of the term. The paragraph outlines four theses commonly associated with legal positivism: the theory of authoritative commands (laws as orders backed by threats), the separation of law and morality, the importance of language in legal studies, and the coherence of the legal system. It also introduces a fifth form of positivism related to ethical skepticism. Hart's analytical jurisprudence is highlighted as defending the first three theses, while also critiquing the theory of commands for its inability to distinguish between the orders of a bandit and those of a democratic state.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Legal Positivism
💡Hart
💡Command Theory
💡Primary Rules
💡Secondary Rules
💡Separation of Law and Morals
💡Language of Law
💡Coherence of Legal System
💡Formalism
💡Ethical Skepticism
💡Analytical Jurisprudence
Highlights
Introduction to Hart's characterization of legal positivism.
Hart's critique on the misuse of the term 'legal positivism'.
The first thesis of legal positivism: law as a command backed by threats.
The paradigmatic example of criminal law as a command.
The second thesis: the conceptual separation between law and morality.
The third thesis: the importance of language in the study of law.
Emphasis on the analysis of language vagueness or 'the penumbra zone'.
The fourth positivism: the coherence of the legal system.
The idea that judges must decide in a certain way due to a coherent legal system.
The fifth form of positivism: ethical skepticism.
Hart's view that these hypotheses are independent and a positivist does not necessarily defend all of them.
Analytical jurisprudence and its defense of the first three theses.
Hart's strong criticism of the command theory.
The inability of the command theory to distinguish between a bandit's order and a state's law.
The distinction between primary and secondary norms according to Hart.
The importance of understanding the structure of secondary norms.
Invitation to subscribe to the channel and activate notifications for future content.
Request for comments on what topics viewers would like to see covered in upcoming videos.
Transcripts
hola como estan en el vídeo de hoy vamos
a hablar de hart el de los occidente del
que hablamos en el vídeo anterior en
esta ocasión vamos a hablar de su
caracterización del positivismo jurídico
no podría decir que el positivismo
jurídico es una forma de comprender de
estudiar de analizar de escribir de
definir que es el derecho hay diferentes
definiciones de lo que es el positivismo
jurídico precisamente heart nos dice que
se abusa del término positivismo
jurídico para referirse a cosas
completamente diferentes él nos dice que
hay por lo menos sin dos veces que
normalmente se asocian con el
positivismo jurídico pero que son
independientes la primera tesis tiene
que ver con la teoría del mandato de
autoridades mandato nos dice aquí las
normas jurídicas son mandatos es decir
son órdenes respaldadas por amenazas el
caso paradigmático el derecho penal
supongamos el delito de homicidio nos
dice el tema que había otro incurrirá en
prisión de tantos a tantos años eso es
una orden respaldada por una amenaza en
caso de que usted encontrará el segundo
tipo de positivismo el que se habla o la
segunda tesis tiene que ver con la parte
conceptual entre el derecho y la moral
positivista de este segundo tipo nos va
a decir que el derecho que existe no
necesariamente corresponde me tiene que
corresponder con el derecho que debería
existir la tercera crisis del
positivismo que también es independiente
de las dos anteriores nos dice que el
lenguaje es muy importante para el
estudio del derecho es muy importante y
es diferente a la sociología jurídica y
también es diferente al estudio
histórico de las normas nos hace digamos
énfasis en la importancia de analizar la
vaguedad del lenguaje o lo que él
denominó la zona de penumbra el cuarto
positivismo nos dice que el ordenamiento
jurídico es una cosa coherente y que
como es una cosa coherente se puede
extraer conclusiones de las normas que
hay en el sistema jurídico entonces para
este cuarto positivismo que yo podría
llamar de formalismo
todos los jueces tienen que fallar de
cierta manera porque en el derecho hay
respuestas correctas a partir de ese
ordenamiento que es completo elche de la
quinta forma en forma de positivismo ya
tiene que ver con el escepticismo el
escepticismo ético nos dice que no es
posible conocer verdades éticas morales
heart nos dice que estas hipótesis la
del teoría demandada toda la separación
de derecho y moral la importancia del
lenguaje y el derecho como un todo
coherente y el escepticismo ético son
diferentes un positivista no
necesariamente defiende todas de ellas
sino que puede vender algunas o varias
de ellas particularmente la uis premià
analítica para farc defiende las tres
primeras tesis es decir en la
jurisprudencia analítica que es esa rama
a la que pertenece el heart del
positivismo defiende la teoría del
mandato defiende la reparación
conceptual entre eres moral y defiende
también la importancia del espacio
jurídico para analizar la norma
hard hace una crítica muy fuerte a la
teoría del mandato porque la teoría de
mandato para heart no nos permite
explicar o dar cuenta de lo que es el
derecho un bandido' cuando se acerca voz
dice también la plata o te mato eso es
una orden respaldada por la amenaza no
dejar eso no permite distinguir de esa
orden de un bandido de la orden que hace
un estado social democrático derecho un
drama
otra crítica dejar al ateo te teoría el
mandato es que él dice que no todas las
normas son órdenes respaldadas por
amenazas las órdenes respaldadas por
amenazas son los que heart denomina las
normas primarias y hay otro tipo de
normas que se denominan normas
secundarias que establecen los
procedimientos por las formas como se
crean derechos obligaciones y no se nos
explican a través del mandato sino que
son una estructura normativa diferente y
sobre todo por el color suscríbete al
canal activa la campanita de
notificaciones comenta me que te mande
gustaría tratar en un próximo vídeo que
estés muy bien
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