Panas Bumi; Sumber Energi Terbarukan

Indonesia Water Learning Week 2014

11 Mar 201504:52

Summary

TLDRThe script explains geothermal energy, a clean and renewable resource harnessed from Earth's natural heat. It details how geothermal plants use underground heat to generate electricity without greenhouse gas emissions, contrasting with fossil fuel power plants. The process involves water being heated by magma, collected in reservoirs, and brought to the surface to power turbines. The script highlights the benefits of geothermal energy, its minimal environmental impact, and its potential as a sustainable solution to climate change.

Takeaways

🌋 Geothermal energy is produced by heat from within the Earth, known as geothermal heat.
🔥 Unlike other power plants that burn coal or oil, geothermal power plants use the Earth's natural heat without emitting greenhouse gases.
💧 Geothermal energy originates from melted rocks called magma, typically found beneath inactive volcanoes.
🌧️ Rainwater seeps through cracks in the Earth's surface and collects in underground reservoirs above magma, getting heated to temperatures above 500 degrees Fahrenheit.
🚨 Geothermal fluid is extracted from depths of 3000 to 10,000 feet using production wells.
💦 High pressure in the geothermal reservoir causes the geothermal fluid to naturally flow upwards towards the surface.
🔌 The hot geothermal fluid is processed on the surface to separate hot steam from water, with the water being reinjected into the reservoir.
🌐 The separated steam is then used to power electricity generators through a network of large pipes.
🏭 The steam passes through a scrubber to remove impurities before being directed to the electricity generator.
🌿 Geothermal energy is a clean and environmentally friendly source of power, helping to mitigate the effects of global warming and climate change.
🌍 The largest geothermal power plants are in Indonesia and the Philippines, with a capacity to generate over 1200 megawatts of clean, reliable, and renewable energy.

Q & A

What is geothermal energy?
-Geothermal energy is produced by heat from within the Earth, also known as geothermal heat. It is a renewable source of energy that can be harnessed to generate electricity with minimal greenhouse gas emissions.
How does geothermal energy differ from other forms of electricity generation?
-Unlike other electricity generators that may burn coal or oil, geothermal energy relies on natural heat from the Earth to produce electricity without emitting greenhouse gases.
What is the concept of a 'heat pump' in the context of geothermal energy?
-A heat pump in geothermal energy refers to the use of Earth's heat to heat water instead of using a stove. It utilizes heat from the Earth to heat water for various applications.
Where does the heat for geothermal energy come from?
-The heat for geothermal energy comes from molten rocks called magma, typically found under inactive volcanic areas. This magma is located far below the surface.
How does water get heated by geothermal energy?
-Rainwater seeps through cracks in the Earth's surface and collects underground above magma. The magma heats the water to temperatures above 500 degrees Fahrenheit, creating high-temperature and high-pressure liquid and gases.
What is the process of extracting geothermal energy from the Earth?
-Wells are drilled from 3000 to 10,000 feet into the Earth's surface to bring the Earth's hot fluid to the surface for electricity generation. The high pressure in the geothermal reservoir causes the fluid to naturally flow upwards.
How is the hot geothermal fluid processed to generate electricity?
-The hot geothermal fluid flows through a wellhead, a network of pipes, and then to a separator where the hot steam is separated from the water. The separated water, called brine, is reinjected into the reservoir to be reheated.
What happens to the steam after it is separated from the brine?
-The separated steam is then piped to an electricity generator through a large network of pipes on the surface. The steam's heat is used to spin turbines, which in turn rotate a shaft connected to an electricity generator.
How is the electricity generated from geothermal energy transmitted to homes and industries?
-The electricity generated is transmitted through a step-up transformer to increase voltage before it is sent to the power grid and then distributed to homes and industries.
What are the environmental benefits of geothermal energy?
-Geothermal energy is a clean and environmentally friendly source of power. It can help mitigate the effects of global warming and climate change due to its minimal greenhouse gas emissions.
What is the current state of geothermal energy development in Indonesia and the Philippines?
-Indonesia and the Philippines have significant geothermal energy potential. They currently have the largest geothermal power plants in the world, with a capacity to generate over 1200 megawatts of clean and renewable energy.

Outlines

00:00

🌋 Geothermal Energy: Harnessing Earth's Heat

This paragraph introduces geothermal energy as a sustainable and clean source of power. Unlike traditional power plants that rely on burning coal or oil, geothermal energy taps into the Earth's natural heat, which is virtually emission-free. The process involves rainwater seeping into the ground, being heated by magma beneath the Earth's surface, and then being extracted through wells to generate electricity. The high-pressure steam from the geothermal reservoir is used to drive turbines, which in turn generate electricity. The water is then reinjected into the reservoir to be reheated, creating a sustainable cycle. The infrastructure includes insulated pipes to prevent heat loss over long distances and a scrubber to clean the steam before it is used in the power plant. Geothermal energy is highlighted as a clean and renewable solution to combat global warming and climate change.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Geothermal Energy

Geothermal energy refers to the heat energy generated and stored within the Earth. It is a form of renewable energy that is used to generate electricity. In the context of the video, geothermal energy is highlighted as a clean and reliable source of power that does not emit greenhouse gases, unlike traditional fossil fuel-based power plants. The script mentions that geothermal energy is produced by harnessing the Earth's natural heat, which is used to heat water to produce steam that drives turbines for electricity generation.

💡Renewable Energy

Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat. The video emphasizes geothermal energy as a type of renewable energy that is sustainable and does not deplete natural resources. It contrasts with non-renewable energy sources like coal, oil, and natural gas, which have a finite supply and contribute to environmental pollution.

💡Greenhouse Gases

Greenhouse gases are gases in the Earth's atmosphere that trap heat, leading to the greenhouse effect and global warming. The video script points out that geothermal energy production does not emit greenhouse gases, making it an environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels. This is significant as it addresses the urgent need to reduce emissions to mitigate climate change.

💡Magma

Magma is molten rock found beneath the Earth's surface. It is a key component in the generation of geothermal energy as it heats up underground water, creating steam. The script explains that magma is typically found in areas with volcanic activity and is the source of the heat that drives the geothermal process.

💡Reservoir

In the context of geothermal energy, a reservoir refers to a natural underground storage space containing pressurized hot water or steam. The script describes how these reservoirs are tapped into using deep wells to extract the hot fluid that is then used to generate electricity. The reservoir is a critical component of a geothermal power plant.

💡Wellhead

A wellhead is the top part of a well, which is the point where the well penetrates the Earth's surface. In the script, wellheads are mentioned as the points where the pressurized hot geothermal fluid is brought to the surface. They are essential for the extraction process in geothermal energy production.

💡Separator

A separator, as used in the script, is a piece of equipment that separates steam from water in the geothermal fluid. This process is crucial as it allows for the efficient use of the steam to drive turbines for electricity generation. The script mentions that the separated steam is then used in the power generation process.

💡Turbine

A turbine is a mechanical device that converts the kinetic energy of a fluid (like steam) into mechanical energy. In the context of the video, turbines are driven by the steam produced from geothermal heat, which then turns a generator to produce electricity. The script describes turbines as a critical component in the conversion of geothermal energy into electricity.

💡Generator

A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. The video script explains that the mechanical energy from the spinning turbines is used to rotate a magnet inside a generator, which then produces electricity. The generator is a key piece of equipment in a geothermal power plant.

💡Transmission

Transmission in the context of the video refers to the process of sending electricity from the power plant to the grid for distribution to homes and industries. The script mentions that the electricity generated from geothermal energy is transmitted through the power grid, highlighting the practical application of geothermal energy in meeting energy demands.

💡Emissions

Emissions refer to the release of pollutants or greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The script emphasizes that geothermal energy production results in practically zero emissions, which is a significant advantage over traditional fossil fuel-based energy sources that release large amounts of harmful emissions.

Highlights

Geothermal energy is produced by heat from within the Earth.

It is a reliable and almost non-polluting form of energy.

Unlike other power plants, geothermal energy does not require burning coal or oil.

The concept of using geothermal energy is explained as a natural heat source.

Heat from the Earth's core forms geothermal resources.

Magma, which is molten rock, is a source of this heat, typically found in inactive volcanic areas.

Rainwater seeps through cracks in the Earth's surface and collects in underground reservoirs above magma.

The magma heats the water to temperatures above 500 degrees Fahrenheit.

Drilling wells from 3000 to 10,000 feet deep brings the heated fluid to the surface.

The high pressure in the geothermal reservoir causes the fluid to flow naturally upwards.

The heated fluid is separated into steam and hot water in a separator.

The separated steam is then used to power electricity generators.

The hot water, called brine, is reinjected into the reservoir to be reheated by magma.

The steam is transported through an insulated pipeline to prevent heat loss.

The steam is purified in a scrubber to remove any impurities before being used in the power plant.

The steam's energy is used to spin turbines, which in turn rotate a generator to produce electricity.

The electricity is then transmitted through the power grid to homes and industries.

Geothermal energy is a clean and environmentally friendly source of power.

It is a renewable energy source that can help mitigate the effects of global warming and climate change.

Geothermal power plants do not emit greenhouse gases.

The largest geothermal power plant in the world is operational in Indonesia and the Philippines.

Geothermal energy has the potential to meet the needs of millions of people in Indonesia and the Philippines.

Geothermal energy is an important but underutilized source of energy.

There is a continuous search for potential geothermal energy development.

Evron is at the forefront of producing clean and renewable energy for society.