Language Teaching Methods: Audio-Lingual Method
Summary
TLDRIn this video, Diane Larson Freeman, a teacher educator, introduces various language teaching methodologies, including the Audiolingual Method, Community Language Learning, Suggestopedia, and others. Filmed at a Washington DC studio, the video features experienced teachers demonstrating these methods with volunteer students. The lessons focus on language practice around a common theme, using interactive dialogues and drills. Freeman emphasizes the importance of adapting techniques to individual teaching contexts and encourages open-mindedness in evaluating their applicability. The video aims to provide viewers with a hands-on understanding of different approaches to language teaching.
Takeaways
- 📚 The video series is designed to give teachers a direct experience with various language teaching methodologies.
- 🎓 The focus is on methods such as audiolingual, community language learning, comprehension approach, suggestopedia, silent way, and the communicative approach.
- 🎥 The lessons in the video were filmed at USIA studios in Washington, D.C., and feature volunteers studying English.
- 👨🏫 Experienced instructors demonstrate each teaching method, adapting lessons to their own interpretations and experiences.
- 🏡 All the lessons revolve around a common theme—'a house'—to maintain coherence across demonstrations.
- ✂️ The lessons are condensed to save time, though all steps of each method are preserved.
- 📖 Viewers are encouraged to consult Diane Larson Freeman's book for a deeper understanding of these methodologies.
- 🤔 Teachers are urged to remain open-minded and find ways to adapt these techniques to their own classrooms, regardless of class size.
- 🗣️ The audiolingual method (ALM) focuses on habit formation through repetition and drilling, where the teacher acts as a model for students to emulate.
- 💬 Error prevention and positive reinforcement are key principles of ALM, with a strong emphasis on speech over written language.
Q & A
What is the purpose of the videotape series introduced by Diane Larson Freeman?
-The purpose of the videotape series is to provide viewers with a vicarious experience of common language teaching methods, similar to what teacher trainees receive at the School for International Training (SIT).
What language teaching methods are demonstrated in the video series?
-The methods demonstrated include the Audiolingual Method, Community Language Learning, the Comprehension Approach, Suggestopedia, the Silent Way, and the Communicative Approach.
What is the common theme around which the language lessons are designed?
-The common theme around which the language lessons are designed is 'a house.'
How does the teacher introduce and demonstrate the audiolingual method (ALM)?
-The teacher introduces the ALM by modeling a dialogue between a vacuum cleaner salesman and a housewife. The teacher plays both roles and asks the students to listen carefully and repeat the dialogue to practice.
What is the teacher's role in the audiolingual method?
-In the audiolingual method, the teacher acts as a model of the target language. The students' role is to repeat the language accurately, forming correct habits through repetition and drills.
How does the teacher handle errors made by the students during the lesson?
-The teacher corrects errors by modeling the correct form for the students to repeat, using drills like the backward build-up drill, where the students practice smaller parts of the sentence until they can say the whole sentence smoothly.
Why does the teacher avoid introducing the written version of the dialogue until the end of the lesson?
-The teacher avoids introducing the written version of the dialogue until the end because, according to ALM principles, speech is considered more basic to language than its written form. Students focus on oral repetition before seeing the written text.
What kind of drills does the teacher use to reinforce grammar patterns in the lesson?
-The teacher uses grammar drills such as a single-slot substitution drill and a question-and-answer drill to help students overlearn sentence patterns and achieve automaticity in the target language.
Why is positive reinforcement important in the audiolingual method?
-Positive reinforcement, like saying 'good' or 'very good,' helps students develop correct habits by encouraging and reinforcing accurate language use, which is key to the habit-formation process in the audiolingual method.
What is the homework assigned to the students at the end of the lesson?
-The homework includes memorizing the dialogue perfectly and practicing selling the vacuum cleaner to someone, as part of reinforcing what was learned in the class.
Outlines
🎓 Introduction to Language Teaching Methodologies
Diane Larsen-Freeman introduces herself as a teacher educator from the School for International Training (SIT). The video aims to provide viewers with a vicarious experience of several common language teaching methods, including the Audiolingual Method (ALM), Community Language Learning, and others. These lessons were filmed in Washington, D.C., with students who were studying English at the time. Larsen-Freeman emphasizes that the instructors adapt the methods based on their interpretations and experiences. She encourages teachers to observe, reflect, and consider how these methods could be applied or adapted to their own teaching contexts.
🗣️ Demonstrating the Audiolingual Method (ALM)
Michael Gerald, a colleague, demonstrates the ALM by acting out a sales interaction between a vacuum cleaner salesman and a housewife. The role-play begins with the salesman trying to sell the Hoover vacuum cleaner, while the housewife rejects the offer because her husband does the cleaning at home. The focus of this method is on listening and observing as students engage in repetitive drills. The teacher leads the dialogue and directs students to repeat phrases with correct intonation, pronunciation, and emotion. The emphasis is on repetition and memorization, aiming for habit formation in language learning.
🔄 Dialogue Practice Through Repetition and Role-Play
The instructor uses the dialogue to guide students through repetitive drills. The class participates in repeating key phrases such as 'Good morning' and 'Would you like to have the cleanest house in town?' in small groups and individually. Emphasis is placed on repetition and correcting pronunciation. The method aims to have students memorize and practice the dialogue without written material initially, focusing on auditory and oral skills. The teacher uses group drills to reinforce the dialogue, gradually involving different students in playing the roles of the salesman and the housewife.
👥 Role Reversal and Volunteer Participation
The lesson moves into more interactive participation, where students volunteer to act out the roles of the salesman and housewife in front of the class. The volunteers repeat the dialogue, and the teacher encourages active participation, role-playing, and the use of gestures to emphasize speech. This section highlights how role reversal and peer interaction reinforce learning, allowing students to practice real-life conversational structures while maintaining focus on the target vocabulary and expressions from the dialogue.
📚 Grammar Drills and Reinforcement
After role-play practice, the instructor introduces grammar drills. Students practice substitution drills, where they replace parts of the original dialogue with new vocabulary (e.g., 'Would you like to have the greenest lawn in town?'). The teacher uses drills to reinforce sentence structures and grammar patterns. These activities are designed to overlearn the structures, encouraging automatic responses. The class collectively participates, answering questions in unison, and is introduced to the written version of the dialogue for further practice.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Audiolingual Method (ALM)
💡Teacher as Model
💡Habit Formation
💡Backward Build-up Drill
💡Overlearning
💡Positive Reinforcement
💡Grammar Drill
💡Speech Over Writing
💡Dialogues
💡Error Prevention
Highlights
Diane Larson Freeman introduces various language teaching methods through a videotape series for teacher trainees.
The series includes methods such as the Audiolingual Method (ALM), Community Language Learning, Comprehension Approach, Suggestopedia, Silent Way, and Communicative Approach.
Each method is demonstrated using an intermediate-level lesson on a common theme: a house.
The audiolingual method (ALM) is demonstrated first, focusing on habit formation through repetition and drills.
The lesson revolves around a scripted dialogue between a vacuum cleaner salesman and a housewife.
The teacher models the dialogue, and the students repeat it to form language habits.
Backward build-up drills are used to help students master difficult phrases by repeating them incrementally.
The teacher emphasizes error correction to prevent the formation of bad habits, reflecting the ALM's focus on accuracy.
Grammar drills, including substitution and question-answer drills, are employed to reinforce sentence patterns.
The principle of overlearning is central to the ALM, where students practice language structures until they become automatic.
Positive reinforcement, such as 'good' or 'very good,' is used frequently to encourage students and promote correct language habits.
Students do not see the written form of the dialogue until the end, as ALM emphasizes speech over writing.
The lesson concludes with students being asked to memorize the dialogue for homework and apply it in a role-play task.
The videotape series encourages teachers to remain open to all methods and adapt techniques to their own teaching contexts.
The series provides a condensed version of language teaching methodologies to introduce teacher trainees to their core principles and techniques.
Transcripts
hello my name is Diane Larson Freeman
I'm a teacher educator at the school for
international training it's common in
language teaching education programs to
survey current language teaching
methodologies at sit we do this by
giving our teacher trainees a direct
experience with each
method the purpose of this videotape
series is to provide you with a similar
the vicarious experience involving
common methods the audiolingual method
Community language learning the
comprehension approach suggestopedia
silent way and the communicative
approach the intermediate level lessons
you will observe were taped at the
Television Studios of the usia in
Washington DC and it is through the
courtesy of the usia that this program
is being made available to
you the students were all volunteers who
were studying English at the time the
instructors are experienced language
teachers and teacher Educators from sit
who have each taught students in various
parts of the world using the methods
they demonstrate for you here for the
sake of coherence the instructors have
designed their lessons around a common
theme namely that of a house what you
will see are somewhat condensed versions
of the original lessons all the steps of
the lessons have been preserved but some
of the participation has been trimmed in
the interest of time the instructors
have tried to Faithfully depict each
method but of course each instructor is
also putting the principles into
practice based upon his or her
interpretation and
experience first I will introduce each
method next you will observe the method
in practice afterwards I will point out
the Salient techniques and principles
associated with each
method the lessons are meant only to
introduce you to these methods all of
the methods have a richer repertoire of
principles and techniques than can be
fully portrayed here if you wish to
learn more you may choose to consult my
book techniques and principles in
language teaching public by Oxford
University press as you view the tape
try to remain open to what you see you
may be missing out on something valuable
if you reject any of the things you
observe in these lessons because you
don't see how they could apply to your
own
situation for example there are about 25
students participating in these lessons
your own classes may be much larger than
these rather than thinking this will
never work with a large class think
instead is there anything worthwhile for
me in this Tech technique and if the
answer is affirmative next ask yourself
how then can I adapt this technique to
my own circumstances or what other way
can I put this principle into practice
let your imagination create the
possibilities for
you the first method we will observe is
the audiolingual method or
Alm it's a method with which many of you
may already be familiar my colleague
Michael Gerald will now demonstrate the
Alm watch carefully what the teacher is
doing and what he is asking the students
to
do good morning class good morning how
are you fine thanks how are you fine
thanks good I'm happy to hear that today
today's lesson is going to be about two
people about a Salesman a special kind
of a Salesman now you know what a
Salesman is that's a person who sells
something to somebody else a Salesman
we're going to uh today the salesman is
a vacuum cleaner salesman and the other
person here's the vacuum cleaner
salesman and let me write
that the other person is a woman or we
could we could call her a housewife so
now I want you to just listen and watch
what I do listen carefully watch what I
do and try to understand
okay now I'm the salesman now okay I'm
going to be both people I'm going to
play two roles I'm going to be the
salesman and the woman
okay ring ring ring ring ring ring ring
ring now the woman
hello hello Madam would you like to have
the cleanest house in
town yes of course I
would then Madam you need the amazing
Hoover vacuum
cleaner no I
don't
salesman what why
not
because my husband does the cleaning in
our
house
oh okay now listen and I'll do it one
more time you just listen and and don't
talk this time listen again I'll do it
one more time
salesman rings the
bell
woman good
morning good morning Madam would you
like to have the cleanest house in
town yes of course I
would then Madam you need the amazing
Hoover vacuum
cleaner the woman says
no I
don't salesman says what why
not and the woman says because my
husband does the cleaning in our house
and the salesman says
oh all right
now we're going to learn this together
now I'm going to help you learn how to
say this whole dialogue Okay so please
repeat the first line is the woman says
good morning good morning good morning
good
morning the salesman says good morning
would you like to have the cleanest
house in town good morning would you
like town okay house in town just say
that much house in the cleanest house in
town the cleanest house in town okay now
just Group D here the cleanest house in
town the cleanest house in town a the
cleanest house
in that's okay the cleanest house in
town the cleanest house in town the
cleanest house in town the cleanest
house in town okay now just you the
cleanest house in town the cleanest
house in town the cleanest house in town
the cleanest house in town the cleanest
house in town cleanest cleanest the
cleanest house in town the cleanest
house in town Good Very very good okay
this group the cleanest house in town
the cleanest house in town the cleanest
house in town the cleanest house in town
ah no just right now just this group
okay that's good in a minute in a minute
the cleanest house in town just the
cleanest house in town you man the
cleanest house in town the cleanest
house in town good everybody the
cleanest house in town CLE house in town
would you like to have the cleanest
house in town would you like
would you like to have the cleanest
house in town would you like to have the
cleanest house in okay would you like to
have the cleanest house in
town have the in town good okay you
would you like to have the cleanest
house in town the the cleanest house in
town would you like to have the cleanest
house in town good okay from the
beginning now the this the um the woman
says good morning everybody good morning
good morning says good morning Madam
would you like to have the cleanest
house in town good morning Madam would
you like to have the
C okay good now the woman says yes of
course I would yes of course I would yes
of course I would yes of I would all
right this half of the class yes of
course I would yes of course I would
this half yes of course I would yes of
course I would you please yes of course
I would yes of course I would yes of
course I would yes yes of course I would
yes you have to say it with say it with
feeling right yes of course I would yes
of course I good thank you you sir yes
of course I would yes of course I would
yes of course I would okay everybody yes
of course I would yes of course I would
salesman says then Madam you need the
amazing Hoover vacuum
cleaner you need
amazing vacuum cleaner vacuum cleaner
Hoover vacuum cleaner Hoover vacuum
cleaner the amazing Hoover vacuum
cleaner the amazing Hoover vacuum
cleaner then Madam you need the amazing
Hoover vacuum cleaner
M cleer okay this group then Madam you
need the amazing Hoover vacuum
[Music]
cleaner all right you the
then Madam you need the amazing Hoover
vacuum cleaner then Madam you need the
amazing Hoover vacuum cleaner good very
good very good all right you try it then
Madam you need the amazing Hoover vacuum
cleaner then Mom you need the amazing
Hoover vacuum cleaner vacuum cleaner
very good everybody then Madam you need
the amazing Hoover vacuum
cleaner now you remember that we don't
write down these dialogues as we're
saying them because at the end of the
class I will give you a copy so you can
read it right now concentrate on
memorizing it just from the sounds okay
and later you'll be able to see it in
writing so from the beginning the woman
says good morning good morning the man
says good morning Madam good morning
okay good morning Madam would you like
to have the cleanest house in town good
morning would you like to have the
cleanest house
yes of course I would yes of I would
then you need the amaz then Madam you
need the amazing Hoover vacuum cleaner
then you need the amazing Hoover vacuum
cleaner no I don't no I
don't what why not what why not what why
not what why not what why not yeah what
why not what not okay use the gestures
see what what why not what why not try
try it with your hands use your hands
what why not yeah what why not and your
shoulders say my shoulder what why not
why not okay everybody together what why
not why not okay and the woman says
because my husband does the cleaning in
our
house in our house in our house the
cleaning in our house the cleaning in
our house my husband does the cleaning
in our house my husband does the
cleaning in our house because my husband
does the cleaning in our house because
husb this group here please just you
just this group because my husband does
the cleaning in our
house our house okay listen to me
because my husband does the cleaning in
our house wait wait okay just you please
you try it because my husband does the
cleaning in our house does does does the
cleaning does the cleaning now again
because my husband does the cleaning in
our house because my husband does the
cleaning in our house good very good
everybody because my husband does the
cleaning in our house because my husband
CLE in our house and then the salesman
says
oh no he's sad
oh I will I will be the I will be the
salesman and you all of you will be the
woman okay I'm the salesman so I ring
the bell ring ring ring ring good
morning good morning good morning Madam
would you like to have the cleanest
house in
town then Madam you you need the amazing
Hoover vacuum cleaner
no what why not
because okay now now we'll change and
you will be the salesman and I will be
the uh the woman
okay ring the bell ring the
bell good morning good morning
the cleanest house in town the cleanest
house in town would you like to have the
cleanest house in
town yes of course I
would the amazing Hoover vacuum cleaner
no I
don't why not because my husband does
the cleaning in our
house all right can we have uh two
volunteers two volunteers come up please
and how about a woman now and yes Hassan
you can be the salesman have ears and we
need a woman
Sonia
please oh just you begin uh ring the
bell good morning good morning Madam
would you like to have the cleanest
house in town of course then then we I
got the hover amazing hover vacuum
cleaner then you need this you need you
need the amazing hover vacuum cleaner oh
no I
don't what why not what why not because
my husband does the cleaning in our
house
[Music]
oh thank you I'm sorry I'm sorry you
didn't sell
it the next one the next one we have two
more people please two more people to do
this two more volunteers two more Brave
courageous
volunteers here's one what are you you
want to be the salesman saleswoman okay
and come on yes yes you're the housewife
[Music]
good morning good morning man man would
you like to have uh you would you like
to you have the cleanest house in town
yes I do of course I would of of course
I would oh then you need the amazing
hover vacum cleaner oh I don't why what
not because and my husband do the clean
in my in our house
now we're going to do a little grammar
practice grammar practice okay um would
you like to have the cleanest house in
town you like to have the cleanest in
to prettiest
house the Prest good would you like to
have the prettiest house in town would
you like
the greenest lawn would
you would you like to have the greenest
lawn in town would you like have in town
good okay now again this time individual
people okay we'll do it again would you
like to have the cleanest house in town
do you like to have do you like to have
the cleaning house town cleanest
cleanest would you like to have the
cleanest house in town would you like to
have the the cleanest house town in town
in town okay good would you like to have
the cleanest house in town do you like
to have a cleaning house in town would
would you like would you like to clean
house okay wait would you like to have
the cleanest house in
town like CEST house in town would you
like to have the cleanest house in town
would you like to have the cleanest
house in town would you like to have the
cleanest house in town would you like to
have a cleanest uh house in town the
cleanest house in town the the cleanest
house in town okay everybody would you
like to have the cleanest house in
town okay now you try again please you
like toan to have to clean the cleanest
house in town okay everybody would you
like to have the cleanest house in town
would you like to the CEST to the
prettiest house would you like to have
the Prest house in town good the biggest
car would
youest greenest lawn you lawn would you
like to have the greenest lawn in town
would you like to have the greenest lawn
in town very good very good now I will
ask the question would you like to have
the the cleanest house in town you
answer yes of course of course I would
yes of course I would okay I ask the
question you give the answer would you
like to have the cleanest house in town
yes of course I would would you like to
have the biggest car in town yes of
course I would would you like to have
the greenest lawn in town of course I
would yes of course I would yes of
course I would would you like to have
the prettiest house in town yes of
course I now you asked me the questions
cleanest house ask me the question
yes of course I would prettiest
house yes of course I would biggest car
would you
like yes of course I would the greenest
lawn would
you yes I of course of course I would
yes it's only now at the end of the
grammar drilling that the students see
the printed
word okay now this time I'll read it and
then you repeat after me read it and
repeat okay good morning good morning
good morning Madam good morning Madam
would you like to have the cleanest
house in town would you like to have the
cleanest house in town yes of course I
would yes of course I would then Madam
you need the amazing Hoover vacuum
cleaner then Madam you need the
amazing no I don't no I don't what why
not what why not because you see my
husband does the cleaning in our house
because you see my husband does the
cleaning in our house oh
oh all right now for your homework for
tomorrow I want you to memorize this
memorize it and tomorrow in class
tomorrow I'm going to ask you to say
this perfectly with no mistakes without
the paper okay you understand yes so
homework tonight is to memorize this
perfectly okay and then the other thing
you have to do you have two things for
homework you have to sell this vacuum
cleaner to someone okay sell this vacuum
cleaner to someone for homework
okay that's all for today thank you for
coming see you tomorrow
[Music]
goodbye as the lesson began we saw the
teacher presenting a dialogue to the
class the students just listened to the
teacher at first one of the Alm teachers
major roles is that of a model of the
target language it's the students job to
repeat as accurately as they can the
teacher's model language learning is
seen to be a process of habit formation
the more often the students repeat
something the stronger the habit and the
greater the
learning we saw how the students
stumbled over one of the lines of the
dialogue they were repeating when this
happened the teacher used a backward
build-up drill with a Troublesome line
he started at the end of the sentence
and had the students repeat the final
phrase to this he added each phrase in
turn until the students were able to say
the whole sentence smoothly the teacher
corrected students errors in other ways
as well for example by quickly saying
the phrase for the students to hear and
repeat it's important to prevent
Learners from making errors since errors
lead to the formation of bad habits
later in the lesson the teacher used
grammar drills a single slot
substitution drill and a question and
answer drill these drills help students
to learn or even better to overlearn the
sentence patterns of the target language
the overlearning leads to
automaticity you may have noticed that
the teacher often said good or very good
in this way he positively reinforced his
students work such reinforcement helps
the students to develop correct
habits it wasn't until the end of the
lesson that the students got to see the
written version of the dialogue which
they were learning this is consistent
with the Alm principle that speech is
more basic to language than the written
form
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