Who Created 'Nothing' Our Universe Formed From

Summary

The video script delves into the mysteries of the universe's origin, highlighting Edwin Hubble's pivotal role in discovering the universe's expansion, leading to the Big Bang Theory. It introduces Alan Guth's Inflation Theory, explaining the even distribution of matter post-Big Bang. The script also explores Martin Bojowald's cyclic model of universes, suggesting our universe is part of an endless cycle. Lastly, it mentions Neil Turok and Paul Steinhardt's theory of branes and cyclic universes, proposing our universe is one of many in a multiverse, with Big Bangs resulting from brane collisions. The script concludes by acknowledging the ongoing search for answers and the possibility that our understanding of the universe's birth may evolve.

Takeaways

• 🔭 Edwin Hubble's observations revealed that galaxies are moving away from each other, indicating an expanding universe.
• 💥 The Big Bang Theory postulates that the universe began from a singularity, a hot and dense state, and has been expanding ever since.
• 🌌 The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation is evidence of the early, hot universe cooling down over time.
• 🌀 Alan Guth's inflation theory suggests a rapid expansion of the universe shortly after the Big Bang, explaining the uniform distribution of matter.
• 🔄 Martin Bojowald proposes that our universe is part of a cyclical process, with each universe's beginning being the end of the previous one.
• 🌐 The concept of a multiverse suggests that our universe is one of many, possibly existing in a higher-dimensional space.
• 🌐 Neil Turok and Paul Steinhardt's theory of brane collisions in a higher-dimensional space could explain the origins of our universe.
• 🔬 String theory and M-theory are the theoretical frameworks that underpin the idea of brane collisions and the multiverse.
• 🤔 Despite the various theories, there is no consensus on the exact nature of the universe's origin, and much remains a mystery.
• 🔍 The pursuit of understanding the universe's origin involves challenging established beliefs and pushing the boundaries of human knowledge.

Q & A

What significant discovery did Edwin Hubble make about the universe?

Edwin Hubble discovered that the universe is expanding, which suggested that it must have had a beginning.

What is the Big Bang Theory and how does it explain the origin of the universe?

The Big Bang Theory posits that the universe began as an infinitely small, dense, and hot point known as a singularity, which expanded in an outburst of energy and matter, creating everything we see now.

What was Alan Guth's contribution to the understanding of the universe's origin?

Alan Guth proposed the theory of inflation, suggesting that there was a force before the Big Bang that accelerated its expansion, distributing matter evenly and instantly in space.

How does the distribution of matter in the universe relate to the Big Bang Theory?

According to the Big Bang Theory, the distribution of matter should be uneven, but Guth's inflation theory explains why it appears even and proportional.

What is the concept of Cosmic Singularity?

Cosmic Singularity refers to the state of the universe before the Big Bang, where it was infinitely small, dense, and hot.

What is Martin Bojowald's view on the origin of the universe?

Martin Bojowald suggests that the universe was not born from a singularity out of nowhere but is part of a cyclical process where each universe's beginning is the end of the previous one.

What is the concept of quantum time as opposed to classical time?

Quantum time is not continuous like classical time; it is composed of small segments with short pauses, similar to the second hand of a clock.

What is the cyclic model of the universe proposed by Bojowald?

Bojowald's cyclic model suggests that our universe is not the first and not the last, with millions of similar universes existing before and after us in a cycle of rebirths.

What is the ekpyrotic model of the universe proposed by Neil Turok and Paul Steinhardt?

The ekpyrotic model proposes that our universe is one of an infinite number of parallel universes, all located within a 'brane' or membrane, and that they originate through brane collisions.

How do brane collisions relate to the creation of universes according to Turok and Steinhardt?

In the ekpyrotic model, brane collisions create two big bangs and two parallel universes, which then move away from each other, continuing their existence until they collide again, creating new universes.

What are the implications of the ekpyrotic model for the understanding of dark energy?

The ekpyrotic model suggests that the mysterious energy that accelerated the Big Bang could be explained by the collision of our universe with another, providing a potential explanation for dark energy.

Outlines

00:00

🌌 The Birth of the Universe and the Big Bang Theory

This paragraph discusses the origins of the universe, starting with the pivotal contributions of Edwin Hubble. Hubble's observations from Mount Wilson in California revealed that distant gas clouds were actually other galaxies, suggesting the universe is vast and expanding. This expansion implied a beginning, leading to the development of the Big Bang Theory. The theory describes the universe's birth from a singularity, an infinitely small, dense, and hot state that eventually exploded, creating time, space, and matter. The paragraph also touches on the formation of cosmic particles and the evolution into stars and galaxies approximately 12 to 14 billion years ago.

05:00

🔍 Theories Beyond the Big Bang

The second paragraph delves into alternative theories to the Big Bang. Alan Guth's inflation theory addresses inconsistencies in the distribution of matter post-Big Bang, proposing a force that evenly distributed matter in space before the explosion. Martin Bojowald's theory suggests that the universe's birth and death are cyclical, with our universe being neither the first nor the last. Neil Turok and Paul Steinhardt propose that our universe is one of many, existing within a 'brane' or membrane, and that universes are born from collisions between these branes. These theories, while complex and not yet proven, challenge our understanding of the cosmos and its origins.

10:00

🌟 Exploring the Unknown

The final paragraph serves as a call to action, encouraging viewers to like and share the video if it has satisfied their curiosity. It also invites viewers to explore more content by clicking on recommended videos, staying on the 'bright side' of knowledge and discovery. This paragraph acts as a conclusion, summarizing the journey through cosmic theories and the ongoing quest for understanding the universe's mysteries.

Keywords

💡Universe

The universe refers to the totality of space, matter, time, energy, and all the phenomena that exist within it. In the video, the universe is portrayed as having a birth and potential previous states, which is the central theme of the discussion. The script explores how Edwin Hubble's observations led to the understanding that the universe is expanding, suggesting it had a beginning.

💡Edwin Hubble

Edwin Hubble was an American astronomer who provided substantial evidence for the expansion of the universe. The script mentions him as a pivotal figure whose observations of galaxies moving away from each other led to the Big Bang Theory. His work is foundational to modern cosmology.

💡Big Bang Theory

The Big Bang Theory is the prevailing cosmological model that suggests the universe began as a singularity and expanded from an extremely hot and dense state. The script describes this theory as a comprehensive explanation of the origin of the universe, although it also points out some of its perceived flaws.

💡Cosmic Singularity

Cosmic Singularity refers to the state of the universe before the Big Bang, where it was infinitely small, dense, and hot. The script uses the concept to illustrate the conditions that led to the Big Bang and to question what could have existed before this state.

💡Inflation

Inflation is a theory proposed by Alan Guth that suggests a rapid exponential expansion of the universe during a very early stage of its development. The script explains how this theory addresses inconsistencies in the distribution of matter in the universe post-Big Bang.

💡Quantum Time

Quantum Time, as discussed in the script, refers to the concept that time may not flow continuously but instead is made up of discrete segments. This idea is used to challenge the traditional understanding of time and to propose that the universe may cycle through Big Bangs and contractions.

💡Cyclic Universe Theory

The Cyclic Universe Theory suggests that the universe undergoes endless cycles of expansion and contraction. The script uses this theory to propose that our universe is not the first and that there have been and will be many others, each with its own Big Bang.

💡String Theory

String Theory is a theoretical framework in which the point-like particles of particle physics are replaced by one-dimensional objects called strings. The script mentions this theory in the context of explaining the nature of parallel universes and the structure of the universe.

💡M-Theory

M-Theory is a theoretical physics model that unifies the five consistent versions of superstring theory. The script refers to M-Theory as a basis for the concept that our universe might be one of many within a higher-dimensional space.

💡Multiverse

The Multiverse is a hypothetical group of multiple universes, including the one we inhabit. The script discusses the idea that our universe might be just one of an infinite number of universes, each possibly with different physical laws and properties.

💡Cosmological Constant

The Cosmological Constant, introduced by Albert Einstein, is a term in the Einstein field equations of general relativity that represents the energy density of empty space, or vacuum. The script mentions it in relation to the mysterious energy that may have accelerated the Big Bang.

Highlights

Edwin Hubble discovered that galaxies are moving away from each other, implying the universe is expanding.

The Big Bang Theory suggests the universe began from a singularity, a small, dense, and hot state.

Alan Guth proposed the Inflation Theory to explain the even distribution of matter in the universe.

Inflation Theory posits a force that accelerated the Big Bang, distributing matter evenly and instantly.

Martin Bojowald suggests that our universe is not the first and that there have been countless others.

Bojowald's theory implies a cyclical universe where each Big Bang is the end of the previous universe.

Neil Turok and Paul Steinhardt propose a multiverse theory where our universe is part of a cycle of rebirths.

The multiverse theory suggests our universe is located inside a brane, a kind of elastic surface.

Universes in this theory can collide, creating two Big Bangs and two parallel universes.

The idea of brane collisions could explain the mysterious energy that accelerated the Big Bang.

The multiverse theory is based on string theory and M Theory, which are central to quantum mechanics.

Turok and Steinhardt's theory requires thinking in 11 dimensions, challenging the limits of the human mind.

The struggle and fear of change are barriers to accepting new scientific theories, such as the Earth being round or the Big Bang.

Currently, there is no evidence to definitively support any of the three major theories about the universe's origin.

The search for the truth about the universe's origin is ongoing, with the hope of finding definitive evidence in the future.

Theories about the universe's origin are crucial for understanding our existence and the nature of reality.

The video encourages viewers to like and share if they found the content satisfying and to explore more videos for further insights.

Transcripts

how was our universe born and if this

seems hard to answer then how about this

what was before our

universe while scientists are looking

for the answer to the most difficult

question in history let's find out what

they've come up with so

far in the 20th century we've shed the

light on this mystery all thanks to this

man Edwin Hubble

one day on Mount Wilson in Southern

California he aimed his telescope at the

sky and found out that these random

clouds of gas flying everywhere are

actually other galaxies and there are a

lot of them and also he learned

something else something that changed

the world forever they're

moving so what you may ask well it meant

one very important thing the universe is

expanding and if it's expanding then it

probably had a beginning somewhere right

now all we have to do is run time

backwards and see where the beginning

was it took the scientists many more

years to come up with a full-fledged

Theory The Big Bang Theory and here it

is nothing has ever been anywhere

because neither when nor where existed

do you get it but actually no there was

one thing it was the so-called CA mic

Singularity a state of our universe in

which it was incredibly small dense and

very hot imagine if our universe was

compressed into a small

ball the pressure and temperature inside

would be enormous at some point it

became impossible to withstand them and

here comes the Big Bang it was an

outburst of energy and matter that

created everything we see now time and

space

basic physical forces it also scattered

quirks

everywhere these corks tiny particles

that make up our world were all boiling

in an incredibly hot Cosmic

broth when it cooled down gravity began

to attract them to each other they

gathered into atoms then molecules and

then into the first objects into the

world stars and all this happened just

some 12 to 14 billion years ago

all right now we know how our universe

was created but what was before

that Alan Harvey Guth an American

theoretical physicist and cosmologist

has devoted his whole life to solving

this mystery after learning about the

Big Bang Theory Guth found some flaws in

it for example the distribution of

matter was very even although it

shouldn't have

been let's hang a balloon filled with

paint to the ceiling and lay a white

canvas on the floor if we drop the

balloon down it will burst and we'll see

absolute Chaos on the canvas a bunch of

spots scattered everywhere randomly

neither is like the

other but that's not really what the

universe looked like instead of throwing

a colored ball from the ceiling let's

draw a small red dot on the

canvas now let's expand it a little more

and more and capture this all on frame

by frame shooting we'll see a circle

gradually growing in all

directions that's the reality the early

Universe was very even and proportional

that was guth's Discovery the theory of

inflation here's what it says even

before the Big Bang there was some kind

of force that could give the bang a

strong acceleration something that was

able to distribute everything in space

instantly and evenly

guth's theory was a success and now most

scientists rely on it for most of them

this idea of the birth of the universe

is quite enough for most but not for

all Martin bojowald is a German

professor of physics and in his opinion

the universe was born quite differently

remember when we talked about Cosmic

Singularity the state of the universe in

which it was small infinitely dense and

super hot according according to

Martin's Theory The Singularity couldn't

just appear out of nowhere this is

nonsense but then where did it come

from let's look at a pendulum on an old

clock the pendulum rotates back and

forth its movement is smooth continuous

and non-stop this is how we usually see

time it flows and never

stops but Quantum time ho ho Quantum

time doesn't work that way it's more

like the second hand of a clock

it consists of small segments and makes

short pauses and just like with the

second hand of a clock the beginning of

one segment of time is always the end of

another see what I'm getting at let's go

back to balloons again according to the

Big Bang Theory Once Upon a Time our

universe began to expand inflate like a

balloon but sooner or later it will blow

away back the universe will start

shrinking and return to the state of

Cosmic

Singularity and then guess what the big

bang too nothing appears out of nowhere

and disappears into nowhere according to

boj wald's Theory the beginning of each

universe is the end of the previous one

our universe is not at all the first and

not the last millions of similar

universes existed before us and will

exist after

us this Theory although it sounds very

logical is far far from complete

unfortunately we don't have enough

knowledge to find all the evidence for

it so for now all this is just a

hypothesis but some people come up with

even stranger ideas scientists promote

such unusual theories that no one could

even think

of Neil Turk a South African physicist

and his colleague Paul steinhardt an

American theoretical physicist look for

answers far beyond our

universe they say that yes our universe

isn't the first one there have been and

will be an infinite number of them and

not only will there be endless Big Bangs

our universe is just one of an infinite

number of others and all of us are stuck

in a cycle of endless rebirths of

parallel worlds this sounds incredible

and frightening at the same time but how

does it

work according to this Theory our

universe is located inside a so-called

brain as in membrane in other words

we're stuck in some kind of elastic

surface that's capable of Contracting

stretching oscillating and so on like

pieces of fabric on a rope these

parallel universes are located near each

other each one has a neighbor we're not

the

exception another universe may be an

inch from ours but we can't see it

that's because there's a tiny space

between us and this tiny space contains

the fourth dimension

how do these universes originate through

brain Collision these brains are getting

closer to each other very very slowly

until one day they finally Collide their

Collision creates two big bangs and two

parallel

universes then they're moving away from

each other the created worlds continue

to live we're currently at this stage

but when they disappear the brains

Collide again and this will lead to the

birth of a new

universe remember the inflation Theory

there was a mysterious energy that

pushed and accelerated the Big Bang well

if we did Collide With Another Universe

that would explain

everything of course everything

described here is a great simplification

when you hear that our world is some

piece of fabric on a rob it sounds like

complete nonsense but this idea is based

on string theory and M Theory two giants

of quantum mechanics if they turn note

to be true they could explain almost

everything in our

universe creating a theory is an

incredibly huge process Turk and

steinhardt made a huge amount of

calculations and swept away many many

non-working

theories also to work this out they have

to overcome the limits of the human mind

and think in 11 Dimensions at once

unfortunately this crazy and elegant

idea was laughed at

turro and steinhardt say that scientists

are regular people just like everyone

else they're also afraid of change and

the unknown and it's really scary to

question everything we once believed in

many years ago people didn't believe

that the Earth was round then they were

outraged by The Big Bang Theory we can't

make discoveries without struggle and

fear that's why Turk and steinhardt

don't plan to give up so easily after

all the evidence that we have now only

says that each of the three theories is

equally possible so which answer is

correct we may never know at least not

at this stage of human development

unfortunately as long as we have no

evidence we can only theorize but maybe

one day we'll find something that will

open our eyes once and for all maybe one

day we'll solve the mystery of how our

universe came to be

that's it for today so hey if you

pacified your curiosity then give the

video a like and share it with your

friends or if you want more just click

on these videos and stay on the bright

side