Science, Technology & Society. BIODIVERSITY part 2

Summary

The lecture discusses the Philippines' status as one of the world's 18 mega-diverse countries, with 70-80% of its species unique to the nation. It highlights factors contributing to this biodiversity, such as tropical climate, diverse topography, and isolation. Despite this richness, the country is also a biodiversity hotspot due to threats like habitat destruction, overexploitation, deforestation, and climate change. The talk also explores technological advancements aiding biodiversity conservation, including mapping, remote photography, gene sequencing, and the use of drones for ecological monitoring.

Takeaways

• 🌏 The Philippines is recognized as one of the 18 Megadiverse countries, hosting around 70-80% of the world's plant and animal species.
• 🌱 The country ranks fifth in terms of plant species diversity and maintains 5% of the world's flora.
• 🏞️ The Philippines' rich biodiversity is attributed to its variety of ecosystems, species, and genetic makeup, as well as its tropical climate and diverse topography.
• 🐦 Approximately 50% of the species found in the Philippines are endemic, meaning they cannot be found anywhere else in the world.
• 🏔️ The country's location as an archipelago and its elevation contribute to the high biodiversity, with unique species found in highland areas.
• ⚠️ Despite its biodiversity richness, the Philippines is considered a biodiversity hotspot due to the alarming rate of habitat destruction and species endangerment.
• 🏗️ Factors contributing to the decline in biodiversity include urbanization, industrialization, overexploitation of natural resources, deforestation, and climate change.
• 🔭 Technological advancements such as Google Earth and remote photography have been instrumental in mapping, visualizing, and monitoring biodiversity and its threats.
• 📸 Remote measurement tools like stereo camera systems allow for precise observations and measurements of species like sharks and crocodiles without direct contact.
• 💉 Gene sequencing technology is used to identify pathogens and understand the biology of organisms, which is crucial for disease treatment and prevention.
• 🌍 The script highlights the drastic changes in Earth's appearance from 1978 to 2017, emphasizing the need for conservation efforts to ensure a habitable planet for future generations.

Q & A

What is the status of biodiversity in the Philippines?

The Philippines is one of the 18 Mega-diverse countries in the world, containing about 70 to 80% of the Earth's biodiversity and between 70 to 80% of the world's plant and animal species. It ranks fifth in the number of plant species and maintains 5% of the world's flora.

Why is the Philippines considered rich in biodiversity?

The Philippines is rich in biodiversity due to its variety of ecosystems, species, and genetic makeup within species. Its location as an archipelago provides a multitude of resources for organisms, with many islands believed to have a great number of endemic organisms both on land and in water.

What percentage of species found in the Philippines are endemic?

50% of the total species, or 50% of the 5,170 species found in the Philippines, cannot be found in any other parts of the world.

What are the geographical and ecological characteristics that contribute to the Philippines' biodiversity?

The Philippines is located in the tropics where the climate supports high levels of organic productivity. Its highly heterogeneous topography varies from mountain ranges to coral reefs, providing a multitude of habitats for plants and animals.

Why is the Philippines considered a biodiversity hotspot?

The Philippines is considered a biodiversity hotspot due to the alarming rate of destruction and loss of important resources. Many species from different groups are being threatened, and the country is undergoing modernization which leads to the conversion of forests and wild ecosystems into urban and industrial areas.

What are the technological advancements that support biodiversity?

Technological advancements supporting biodiversity include better mapping and visualization, remote photography and videography, remote measurement tools, conservation drones, and gene sequencing.

How does Google Earth contribute to biodiversity conservation?

Google Earth has been instrumental in locating organisms in specific regions or parts of the Earth. It helps in mapping and visualizing threats to the survival of organisms, allowing for better monitoring and conservation efforts.

What is the role of remote photography and videography in studying wildlife?

Remote photography and videography allow for close observation and recording of wildlife behavior in their natural habitats without human interference. This is essential for learning about the needs and risks of endangered species.

How do conservation drones help in monitoring deforestation?

Conservation drones equipped with camera sensors and GPS can map deforestation, making it easier to monitor and identify illegal logging activities. They provide a top-down view of areas that are difficult to access.

What is gene sequencing and how does it help in understanding biodiversity?

Gene sequencing is used to identify pathogens and understand the biology of organisms. It is also used to confirm the grouping of organisms at the species level, which helps in disease diagnosis and understanding genetic predispositions.

How has the Earth's appearance changed from 1978 to 2017?

The Earth's appearance has significantly changed from 1978 to 2017, with noticeable increases in temperature and extreme weather events. This change is indicative of the impact of climate change and the urgency to find ways to prolong the Earth's life for future generations.

Outlines

00:00

🌿 Introduction to Philippine Biodiversity

The script begins with a discussion on biodiversity, emphasizing the Philippines' status as one of the 18 mega-diverse countries. It contains about 70-80% of the world's plant and animal species and ranks fifth in plant species diversity. The country's rich biodiversity is attributed to its archipelagic nature, providing a variety of ecosystems and genetic makeup. It is also highlighted that 50% of the species found in the Philippines are endemic, not found anywhere else in the world, making it exceptionally rich in biodiversity.

05:02

🌍 Geographical and Ecological Factors of Biodiversity

This section delves into the geographical and ecological factors contributing to the Philippines' biodiversity. The country's tropical climate supports high organic productivity, providing necessary resources for a wide range of organisms. The varied topography, from mountain ranges to coral reefs, offers habitats for numerous species. The script also discusses the isolation created by separate islands and mountain ranges, contributing to the country's biodiversity. It mentions that the Philippines is a biodiversity hotspot due to the alarming rate of species destruction and habitat loss, with many species being threatened.

10:06

🏗️ Threats to Philippine Biodiversity

The script addresses the threats to the Philippines' biodiversity, including urbanization and industrialization, which lead to habitat loss. It discusses how forests are being converted into urban and industrial areas, causing species to disappear. Overexploitation of wildlife for foreign markets and the demand for forest products are also highlighted as significant threats. Deforestation, land degradation, and climate change are identified as additional factors contributing to the decline in biodiversity.

15:09

🔬 Technological Advancements in Biodiversity Conservation

This part of the script focuses on the role of technology in supporting biodiversity conservation. It mentions tools like Google Earth for mapping and visualization, which help in locating and monitoring organisms. Remote photography and videography are discussed as means to study wildlife in their natural habitats without disturbance. The use of stereo camera systems for precise measurements and conservation drones for mapping deforestation and counting organisms is highlighted. Lastly, gene sequencing is mentioned as a way to understand the biology of organisms and identify pathogens, which is crucial for disease treatment and prevention.

20:12

🌎 Impact of Climate Change on Future Generations

The final paragraph discusses the impact of climate change and the responsibility to preserve the Earth for future generations. It contrasts images of the Earth from 1978 and 2017, highlighting the increase in global temperatures and the melting of ice caps. The script challenges the audience to consider how to prolong the life of the Earth for the sake of future generations, urging action to prevent further degradation of the planet.

Keywords

💡Biodiversity

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth, encompassing different species, ecosystems, and genetic differences within species. In the video, it is discussed in the context of the Philippines, which is one of the most biodiverse countries in the world. The video highlights the Philippines' rich biodiversity due to its location, ecosystems, and unique species.

💡Mega-diverse country

A mega-diverse country is one that harbors the majority of Earth's species and has a large number of endemic species. The Philippines is identified as one of 18 mega-diverse countries due to its high number of species that can only be found there. This status underscores the global importance of the Philippines in terms of species conservation.

💡Endemic species

Endemic species are plants or animals that are native to and found only within a specific geographic location. In the Philippines, 50% of the total 5,177 species are endemic, meaning they cannot be found anywhere else in the world. This makes the country particularly significant in global biodiversity efforts.

💡Biodiversity hotspot

A biodiversity hotspot is a region that is rich in biodiversity but under significant threat from human activities. The video explains that although the Philippines is a mega-diverse country, it is also considered a biodiversity hotspot due to deforestation, urbanization, and overexploitation of natural resources.

💡Deforestation

Deforestation refers to the large-scale removal of trees, which leads to the degradation of forest ecosystems. In the Philippines, deforestation is a major threat to biodiversity, as forests are cleared for urbanization and industrialization, contributing to the loss of species and ecosystems, as mentioned in the video.

💡Technological advancements

Technological advancements in biodiversity conservation include tools like better mapping systems, remote photography, and drones that help monitor and protect ecosystems. The video highlights how technologies like Google Earth and conservation drones are being used to track deforestation and preserve species in their natural habitats.

💡Gene sequencing

Gene sequencing is a technology used to determine the genetic makeup of organisms. In the context of biodiversity, it helps identify species, track genetic diversity, and understand disease pathogens. The video mentions how gene sequencing is crucial for identifying genetic similarities within species and for disease treatment.

💡Remote photography and videography

Remote photography and videography involve capturing images and videos of wildlife without disturbing their natural habitats. This technology allows scientists to study the behavior of species in the wild more effectively. The video explains how these tools have improved our understanding of endangered species' needs and risks.

💡Conservation drones

Conservation drones are unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with cameras and sensors to monitor ecosystems. In the video, these drones are described as useful for mapping deforestation and counting species in remote areas, making them essential for biodiversity conservation efforts.

💡Overexploitation

Overexploitation refers to the excessive use of natural resources, leading to the depletion of species and habitats. In the Philippines, overexploitation is a major factor contributing to its status as a biodiversity hotspot. The video provides examples such as illegal wildlife trade and over-harvesting of forest resources.

Highlights

The Philippines is one of the 18 Mega-diverse countries in the world, containing 2% of the Earth's biodiversity.

The country ranks fifth in the number of plant species, maintaining 5% of the world's flora.

50% of the total species found in the Philippines cannot be found anywhere else in the world.

The Philippines' archipelagic nature contributes to its rich biodiversity.

The country's location in the tropics supports a high level of organic productivity.

The Philippines' topography, from mountain ranges to coral reefs, provides habitats for a multitude of species.

Isolation created by separate islands and mountain ranges contributes to the country's biodiversity.

Elevation plays a significant role in the biodiversity of the Philippines.

The Philippines is considered a biodiversity hotspot due to the alarming rate of destruction.

The country's modernization leads to the conversion of forests and wild ecosystems into urban and industrial areas.

Overexploitation of wild animals and forest products is a significant threat to biodiversity.

Deforestation and land degradation are major issues affecting biodiversity in the Philippines.

Climate change and population growth are additional factors impacting biodiversity.

Technological advancements such as Google Earth aid in mapping and visualizing biodiversity.

Remote photography and videography help study wildlife in their natural habitats.

Stereo camera systems have been developed for precise measurements of species for conservation efforts.

Conservation drones are used to map deforestation and monitor ecosystems.

Gene sequencing is used to identify pathogens and understand the biology of organisms.

Technological advancements have allowed for a better understanding of Earth's biodiversity and its changes over time.

The Earth's temperature has increased significantly from 1978 to 2017, indicating the impact of climate change.

Transcripts

[Musika]

[Musika]

[Musika]

[Musika]

[Musika]

[Musika]

[Musika]

Okay class I'm back with science

technology

society same same topic biodiversity

nasa part two na tayo so we have discuss

the introduction of Biodiversity What is

biodiversity and the type of diversity

sa part one now we are going to discuss

part two yyung status of status of the

Philippines biodiversity and the

technological advanced meth to support

the

biodiversity Okay let's start

[Musika]

[Musika]

[Musika]

[Musika]

Okay class

um pag sinab biodiversity Syempre we are

in archipelago di ba Ano na kaya ang

status ng biodiversity sa Pilipinas so

the Philippines is one of the 18 Mega

diverse country in the world containing

2s of the Earth biodiversity and between

70 to 80 of the world's plant and animal

species the Philippines rank fif in the

number of plants Uh number of plant

species and maintain 5% of the world's

Flora

um Bakit ba kasi ah kinonsider na ang

Pilipinas is nasa 18 Mega diverse

country in the world di ba Kasi we are

we are we we have been consider as Mega

divers because

yung we are rich in the variety of

ecosystem yung species and the genetic

makeup within the speci

species ito din Ay ano it was also

Driven na ang location natin is

archipelago which produces assortment of

resources for the

organism so maraming Islands ang

Pilipinas na pinaniniwalaan na Have a

great number of emic organism both sa

land and sa water Sa totoo lang ano 50%

ng total species or 50% of the 5,170

seven species found in the Philippines

cannot be found in on any other parts of

the world hindi niyo siya makikita sa

Pilipinas lang um This makes the

Philippines one of the richest country

in terms of

Biodiversity compare sa other country na

there are several Geographic and

ecological

characteristic na ang Pilipinas ay

mayaman sa biodiversity ito yung

sinasabi Dian na ah supporting the 70 to

80 of the species sa entire

planet ito yung ano Here are

some here are some

reasons reason

kung bakit

ah well diverse ang species sa world ng

Flora and fauna ng Pilipinas it is found

at the Philippines ' ba the Philippines

is found in a tropic in a tropical and

found na tropics where the climate

supports a high level of organic

productivity to provide the resources

needed by the interdependent organism to

survive

So yung yung init yung klima natin hindi

Gan kainit hindi din Gan

kalam sobrang lamig So yun din

nagsupport Bakit maraming

organism ang

nabubuhay so the Philippines is found in

the tropics pangalawa is that the

Philippines a

highly heterogenous and

topography so ang Pilipinas is

ecological yung Philippines ecological

location kasi varies from Mountain Range

to coral reef and ah everything in

between providing

a multitude of plants and animal species

more than yung yung space na kailangan

ng mga organisms to

to survive So yung yung mga Mountain

Range natin at saka ' ba sa first part

sa part one na-discuss natin doon

na yung yung Rainforest pa rin ang may

pinakamadaming organism so mayaman tayo

doon hanggang sa ilalim ng tubig ba sabi

natin do na um yung mga organisms hindi

pa nadi-discover

nasisira na because of climate change

but Sa totoo lang napakadami

talagang organisms na hindi pa

nadi-discover na nasa ilalim ng lupa or

nasa gitna ng rain forest so pangatlo

yyung isolation created by a separate

Island as well as the peak of Mountain

Range

yung diversity na sobrang hiwa-hiwalay

ng mga ng mga ano natin ng

mga tawag diyan Islands at saka ng mga

mountains because of the the location of

the Philippines yun din yung dahilan

bakit well diverse well distributed ang

species sa atin so number four is the

elevation the elevation has an influence

on Biodiversity So yung

productivity

productivity stressor such as the heat

and the atmospheric pressure decreases

while the other more or The Other more

life supporting factors such as humidity

' ba Iyung iung ah ah temperature or

yung mga droplets ng water sa land and

the rainfall increase

as as the elevation also increases so

ang Pilipinas is ah maganda ang

topography niya one one may find a

generous offering of biological

diversity especially in the

Highland So bakit ganon despite of

being known as the rich

biodiversity ang Pilipinas is also

considered as a ah biodiversity hotspot

Bakit biodiversity being Ay bakit

biodiversity hotspot Bakit ano ba ang

ini ah nagi imply no na hotspot ang

biodiversity ng Pilipinas because the

occurrence of the threatening or

alarming rate of Destruction and other

import for other important resource

nasisira na kasi so based on the report

yung foundation of the Philippine

environment the number of species from

different group are being threatened

Through The Years So merong mga bagay na

nag-cause ng ng Bakit kino-consider na

sobrang nasa hot spot tayo

ng biodiversity hot spot also why Why

the Philippines is considered as

biodiversity sabi diyan because we alam

naman natin na we are a growing growing

Nation ' ba

um developing or undergoing

modernization So yung forest and some

other wild ecosystem are being converted

into ah Ano

into ah urbanization and

Industrialization look at the picture on

the left ' ba yung mga forest natin

magaganda malalaki Mountain Range as we

have discussed a while ago pero because

of

urbanization and mod

Industrialization nawawala Nawawala yung

mga ibang species there na supposedly

meron tayo nawawala lalo so nasa hots

spot pa rin tayo ay nasa h spot pa rin

ang biodiversity natin So what else sabi

diyan ' ba sabi dito over

exploitation Bakit over exploitation

look at the picture the ba the wild

animals are in demands to foreign

customers o kaya iyung mga

um mga Bukod sa animals yung mga

produkto na gawa sa kahoy so talagang

aside from na- na rin ng animal yung

plants din natin and in the forest is

nagsuffer because of over

exploitation next is what sabi pangatlo

is deforestation Why deforestation look

at the

picture Industrialization

they need to cut down and to cut down

trees that becomes a necessity parang

kailangan nilang I putulin o tanggalin

It also includes the land degrade

degradation parang

nade-delay o ang yaman ng lupa because

of deforestation and last is the climate

change and population anyway

We are going to have a separate

discussion with climate change and the

Uh pollution as we go along with the

with the with our discussion so there

are also yung last topic natin the

technological

advancement that supports

biodiversity What are those so so meron

tayong mga mga technological advancement

Syempre technology for to support the

biodiversity What do you mean by better

mapping and visualization ' ba Iyung

Google Earth has been very instrumental

in in locating organisms

in the region or some part ng earth So

it is proven that that it is not just

the map to get a direction but It also

has a real tool to help to conserve and

preserve species and habitat so nakikita

na agad So this software is powerful in

mapping and visualizing threat to the

survival of those organism so

namo-monitor na natin through mapping

better mapping and visualization for the

organism Saan ba sila talaga matatagpuan

and ito yung ginagawa nila o pangalawa

is the remote

Photography and videography getting

closer getting up up close and recording

the details of the behavior of Wild Life

in their natural habitat are essential

to learn about the needs and risk of

endangered species ba kanina sabi natin

hindi na alam kasi We are just

experimenting We are just ah kumbaga

Kumukuha lang tayo Nam mga impormasyon

tungkol sa mga

microorganisms sa laboratory kasi hindi

naman natin na-explore yung totoong

habitat nila Pero with this kind of

photography and videography yung may mga

remote control

na makikita na natin yyung mga bacterias

or microorganism in their natural

habitats and also halimbawa Iyung Mga

Agila ' ba Mga Agila hindi na hindi

na may mga cameras or remote control na

para picturan sila Ano na nangyayari so

they are in their natural habitat so

Iyung remote measurement tools What do

you mean by remote measurement tools

Iyung stereo camera system has developed

to get up close observe and take precise

measurement among some species such as

the shark and crocodile for conservation

of each research effort and this is a

high hightech Uh tools that gives

measurement with great accuracy

without actual being in the contact with

the animal

and and others kasi ' ba sabi nga natin

during our discussion dati when dati

kapag ang Man go to the Moon or went to

the Moon parang one way lang wala ng

balikan kasi mahirap

bumalik because of the risk ng life nila

doon hindi alam kung anong meron doon So

ngayon hindi na so they have the remote

measurement tool Kung halimbawa instead

of yung crocodile na

[Musika]

ime-meet nila pang video kung nasan man

sila on their natural habitat ito pa

yung maganda ang number four natin yung

conservation drone kasi ba ang drone are

very helpful for the military in the

warship they are also currently used for

exposing the top view of the of a scenic

spot of visual entertainment recently

yung mga ecologist and the biologist and

other science

created a conservation drone to complete

the camera sensor and GPS to map the

deforestation kaya kaya Hindi na

masyadong Mahirap mag ah malaman O nasan

ba yang mga nagkakaingin sino ba nag ah

nagpuputol ng mga puno na Walang permit

di ba namo-monitor na especially the

danr which is under their

um under their ano

yung kumbaga jurisdiction na i-control

So ano ba ang ibig sabihin ng DNR

Department of ano energy and natural

resources so Moreover it is yung yung

drone it is used Uh to count the

organisms in a in an

ecosystem ba makikita na natin So last

is the Gene sequencing Ito naman under

understanding the nature of pathogen

yung mga mga sakit bakit bakit

magkakasakit so diseases among animal is

important for the right treatment so

Gene sequencing ised to identify yung

pathogen so scientist are now using

hightech or Gene sequencing machine to

understand the to understand the biology

of of an organism it is also Likewise

used to confirm the grouping of organism

in their species level So hindi na

mahirap mag mag

mag determine ng diseases kung sino yung

ano

ah Ano ba to um kumbaga lahi ba yan ' ba

kasi makikita na o kaya naman sa

magkakapatid due to this Uh gen

sequencing kung carrier ng ng cancer

cells ang parent Sinong anak ang pwedeng

magkaroon ng cancer so nade-detect na

nila yon So because of the Gene

sequencing so di ba with the with the

technological advancement makikita na

natin ang Earth ' ba ito yung top view

Papakita ko sa inyo yung top view ng

earth

1978

and 2017 the year when Uh some of you

are born di ba or mga years old na

siguro kayo or mga ilang taon na kayong

2017 ay matatanda na kayo meron na

kayong mga teens na kayo nito so ito

yung picture 1978 kapanahunan ng mga

magulang natin di

ba nae-enjoy nila ang ganda ng Earth and

ito na yung

2017 mararamdaman na natin ng init and

worst things guys it pa the Earth Where

your children will live from Uh from

this picture ito yung next Look at that

ba kung Itong 1960s mga parents natin

yung 2023 Is Our Time look yung yung

sobrang init yung sobrang yelo mga

natutunaw na ba and how much more sa

panahon ng mga anak ang mga anak-anak

natin

during their time so sa

2016 So you better um think of a way how

to prolong the life of the Earth para

maabutan pa ng mga anak natin kahit ito

man lang mga yung Earth ng 2023 image h

nating hayaang mag sa

2060 earth

qu for part 3 Okay good day guys