蜜蜂是如何定位花朵位置的? | TIC觅见丛邻 | 4K UHD
Summary
TLDR春天来临,勤劳的小蜜蜂们再次忙碌起来。它们如何找到花朵的方向并通知同伴?蜜蜂能看到我们看不见的紫外线,通过特殊的“花蜜指南”找到花蜜。它们的视觉与嗅觉相结合,准确区分不同的花。蜜蜂通过舞蹈语言传递花蜜的确切位置,即使在阴天也能依靠偏振光导航。这些复杂的机制使蜜蜂能够高效地定位花朵并收集花蜜,制作甜美的蜂蜜。
Takeaways
- 🌸 春天来临,勤劳的小蜜蜂开始忙碌起来,它们在花丛中穿梭,寻找花蜜。
- 🌬️ 风媒花通过风传播花粉,而昆虫媒花则依靠昆虫传播花粉,蜜蜂是其中重要的传粉昆虫。
- 👀 蜜蜂的视觉与人类不同,它们能够看到紫外线,这帮助它们发现花蜜导向标记。
- 💐 花蜜导向标记(Nectar Guides)在紫外线下特别明显,指引蜜蜂找到花蜜的位置。
- 😋 蜜蜂通过触角的嗅觉感受器来嗅闻花朵,结合视觉和嗅觉来准确区分不同的花。
- 🎶 蜜蜂通过舞蹈语言与同伴沟通,传递花蜜来源的确切位置。
- 🕺 蜜蜂的舞蹈包括摇摆舞和圆舞,通过不同的舞步传达花蜜源距离和方向。
- 🌧️ 在阳光被遮挡的情况下,蜜蜂依靠偏振光来确定太阳的方向,继续导航。
- 📍 初次出巢的蜜蜂会在蜂巢周围飞行,熟悉环境,之后通过留下信息素来指导同伴。
- 🍯 蜜蜂依靠视觉、嗅觉和舞蹈语言的协同作用,高效地定位花朵并收集花蜜,制作甜美的蜂蜜。
Q & A
春天来临,蜜蜂开始忙碌,它们是如何找到花朵的方向并告知同伴的?
-蜜蜂通过视觉和嗅觉来寻找花朵。它们能看到紫外线光,这帮助它们看到花朵上的花蜜导向,同时通过触角嗅觉花朵的不同部分。找到花朵后,通过舞蹈语言与同伴沟通花蜜的确切位置。
风媒花和虫媒花有什么不同?
-风媒花通常花朵小且无香味,通过风力传播花粉。而虫媒花色彩鲜艳且有强烈的香味,依靠昆虫传播花粉,蜜蜂是这类花朵的重要传粉昆虫。
蜜蜂的可见光范围与人类有何区别?
-蜜蜂可见光范围与人类不同,它们的光谱范围向紫外线区域偏移,能看到人类看不到的更短波长的紫外线光,但看不到红光,对蜜蜂来说红光是黑色的。
蜜蜂如何通过舞蹈语言传达花蜜的位置?
-蜜蜂返回蜂巢后,会在巢脾上进行规律的舞蹈。前进时的摇摆动作表示花蜜源距离蜂巢的距离,摇摆持续时间越长,距离越远。蜜蜂头部指向与重力线垂直的角度代表蜂巢与太阳和花蜜源之间的连线角度。
蜜蜂如何识别不同的花朵?
-蜜蜂通过视觉和嗅觉的协同作用来识别不同的花朵。它们可以看到花朵上的花蜜导向,并用触角嗅觉花朵,准确区分不同的花。
蜜蜂如何利用紫外线光找到花蜜?
-蜜蜂可以看到紫外线光,许多花朵在紫外线下会显示出特别的标记,称为花蜜导向。这些导向帮助蜜蜂轻松找到花蜜的位置。
蜜蜂在阴雨天如何确定太阳的方向?
-蜜蜂依靠天空中的偏振光来确定太阳的方向。它们复眼后面的区域可以感知偏振光,从而在阴雨天也能根据太阳的位置导航。
蜜蜂如何通过触角感知花朵?
-蜜蜂的触角上有嗅觉感受器,当蜜蜂降落在花朵上时,会用触角嗅闻,感受花朵不同部分的香味。
蜜蜂如何使用太阳导航?
-蜜蜂通过观察天空中的偏振光模式来确定太阳的位置,即使在太阳被云层遮挡的情况下也能准确导航。
蜜蜂如何标记近距离的花蜜源?
-如果花蜜源离蜂巢很近,蜜蜂会进行圆舞和新月舞。通过这种舞蹈,它们可以告知同伴花蜜源的位置。
蜜蜂如何留下信息指引其他蜜蜂?
-找到花蜜后,蜜蜂会在巢门前留下信息素,这些信息素来自它们腹部的气味囊,用来指示其他同伴前往花蜜源。
蜜蜂的舞蹈语言是如何被发现的?
-蜜蜂的舞蹈语言是由奥地利生物学家卡尔·冯·弗里希发现的,他因此获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖,以表彰他对蜜蜂行为学的研究。
Outlines
🐝 蜜蜂如何找到花朵并传递信息
本段介绍了蜜蜂在春天忙碌地寻找花朵的过程。首先,通过区分风媒花和虫媒花,解释了蜜蜂主要通过视觉和嗅觉来寻找散发香气的花朵。蜜蜂能看到紫外线光,这帮助它们通过花朵上的花蜜引导(Nectar Guides)来定位花蜜。此外,蜜蜂和人类的视觉光谱有所不同,它们能够看到人类看不到的紫外线。蜜蜂依靠视觉和嗅觉的结合来准确区分不同的花朵。最后,通过舞蹈语言,蜜蜂能够在蜂巢中向其他蜜蜂传达花蜜的确切位置,包括距离和方向,即使在阴天也能通过感应偏振光来导航。
💃 蜜蜂的舞蹈语言和导航技巧
这一段详细描述了蜜蜂如何通过舞蹈语言来传递花蜜源的位置信息。蜜蜂在蜂巢上进行特定的摇摆舞动,通过摇摆的时间和角度来传达距离和方向。其他工蜂通过触摸来感知舞蹈信息。在阴天或雨天,蜜蜂会利用偏振光的特性来确定太阳的位置,从而导航。此外,新出巢的蜜蜂会通过飞行熟悉周围环境,并留下信息素来指引同伴。这些方法共同确保了蜜蜂能够有效地定位花朵并收集花蜜。
Mindmap
Keywords
💡春季
💡蜜蜂
💡风媒花
💡虫媒花
💡紫外线
💡花蜜导向标记
💡嗅觉
💡舞蹈语言
💡太阳的位置
💡工蜂
💡信息传递
Highlights
春季来临,勤劳的小蜜蜂又开始忙碌了
蜜蜂如何找到花朵的方向并告知同伴
常见的开花植物中,有一种小而不显眼的花,称为风媒花
另一种花,色彩鲜艳且香味浓郁,依靠昆虫传播花粉,称为虫媒花
蜜蜂是传播虫媒花花粉的重要昆虫
蜜蜂能看到我们看不见的紫外线光
通过紫外线相机,我们可以观察到蜜蜂眼中的世界
蜜蜂眼中的世界与我们不同,它们可以看到紫外线下的花蜜导向
蜜蜂的可见光谱与人类有所不同,它们可以看到更短波长的紫外线
蜜蜂依靠视觉和嗅觉共同识别花朵
蜜蜂的嗅觉感受器位于触角上,通过触角嗅闻花朵
花朵的色彩和香味是为了吸引昆虫传粉,而非取悦人类
蜜蜂通过舞蹈语言与同伴沟通花源的确切位置
舞蹈中的摇摆动作表示花源与蜂巢的距离
蜜蜂头部指向的角度代表花源与太阳的相对位置
蜜蜂在黑暗的蜂巢内部依靠触觉传递舞蹈信息
蜜蜂通过极化光来确定太阳的方向,即使在雨天也能导航
蜜蜂出巢后会绕蜂巢飞行,熟悉周围环境
蜜蜂通过释放信息素来指示其他同伴
蜜蜂通过视觉、嗅觉和舞蹈语言的合作高效地定位花朵和采集花蜜
Transcripts
Spring has come
The diligent little bees are getting busy again
Among the flowers
we can always see them
But how
can bees find the orientation of these flowers
and inform their co-workers?
To answer this question
Let's start with flowers
Among common flowering plants in our lives
there is a class
with little flowers
that have no scent
not noticeable at all
They produce a lot of pollen
through wind
they spread the pollen
This kind of flower is generally called wind-pollinated flower
And another kind of flower
with bright colors
and strong fragrance
They rely on insects to spread their pollen
we usually call them entomophilous flowers
while the bees
are the important insects that pollinate these entomophilous flowers
Then
How can bees find the location of these fragrant flowers?
This is a common cell phone
turn on the camera
The images it can capture
are almost the same as what the human eye sees
The world in the eyes of bees
and what we saw
are not quite the same
Bees can see ultraviolet light we can't see
so
to see the world through the eyes of bees
we need a UV camera
We have a UV camera here
compared to a normal camera
it can image UV light
and let these invisible colors
be presented
Through UV camera
we can see objects that reflect and absorb ultraviolet light
Just like the sunscreen we usually use
It appears almost colorless to the naked eye
and many flowers
in fact, are playing by this principle
Under UV light
these flowers are actually different from what we see with the naked eye
These black marks that are especially visible under UV light
are called Nectar Guides
nectar marker
These special marks
tell the bees
where nectar is
The bees then follow the mark
to find the location of nectar on flowers easily
When the bees find these marks
they will stick out their mouthpart
and suck the nectar
This is the spectral range visible to the human eye
And this is the visible light spectrum of bees
We can see that
the visible light spectrum of bees
compared to the visible range of the human eye
has a certain offset
Visible light spectrum of the human eye
ranges from long-wavelength red light to short-wavelength violet light
The visible light spectrum of honeybees is shifted to the ultraviolet region
That is to say
for bees
They can see ultraviolet light with shorter wavelengths than the violet light that the human eye cannot see
But no red light
red light
in the eyes of bees
is black
but only by sight
many flowers
are so similar
for bees to distinguish
If they can't tell the difference between different flowers
their working efficiency will decrease 85 00:03:34,050 --> 00:03:34,575 so
they need another sense
to identify flowers collaboratively
That's the sense of smell
Bees' olfactory receptors
are on their tentacles
When a bee lands on a flower
it often uses tentacles to sniff flowers
to feel the scent of different parts of the flower
With the both of sight and smell
they can accurately distinguish different flowers
This collaborative approach
is just like how human taste and smell work together to distinguish different foods
So
the color and fragrance of these entomophilous flowers
are not meant to please humans
but to attract these insects to pollinate
When the bees have found these flowers
in the following days
their sisters
will visit these flowers frequently
Then
how can they synchronize the flowers' location
to their sisters?
This involves one of the most amazing means of communication in the insect world - dance language
After returning to the hive, bees that have collected nectar outside
will do a regular dance for the sisters
on their nest
This dance is special
It is actually the language of communication between bees
This dance conveys
the exact location of the nectar
The rocking motion when moving forward
indicates the distance from the nectar source to the hive
The longer the swing lasts
the farther the distance is
The angle formed by the direction the bee's head points
and the vertical line of gravity
represents the angle formed by the connection between the beehive and the sun and the nectar source at that time
Messages conveyed by other bees through dance
can accurately calculate the location of the nectar source
While dancing
a few other worker bees on the side
will also move along
This is because
under normal conditions, the inside of the hive
is almost completely dark
So bees can only rely on touch
to convey dance information
The trajectory of this dance is
like arabic number 8
So some people call it the number 8 dance
But not all dances are like number 8.
If it is a nectar source very close to the hive
they'll do the circle dance and the crescent dance
After the communication is completed
bee sisters
will come out of the nest
to the direction pointed
for nectar
If it is rainy
and the sun is blocked
how do they determine the direction of the sun?
At this time
they rely on
polarized light
We have learned in physics textbooks that
when natural light reflects off surfaces such as water
the reflected light can be viewed as polarized light
Polarized light has a certain direction of vibration
So we can use a polarizer
by rotating the polarizer
to reduce or even completely block the transmission of polarized light
to eliminate reflections
When sunlight scatters through the atmosphere
the sky has a certain polarization characteristic
Differences in the position of the sun
will cause patternized changes in the polarized light in the sky
The area behind the bees compound eyes can sense polarized light
to determine the direction of the sun
so
even if it is rainy
bees are also able to navigate
according to the position of the sun
These we mentioned
are just part of the way bees can locate flowers
For example, there are bees that come out of the nest for the first time
flying around the beehive
to get familiar with the surroundings
After finding nectar, bees can leave pheromones
in front of the nest
from the odor sac in their lower abdomen
to instruct other partners, etc.
There are even many methods that we have not yet thoroughly studied.
It is with the cooperation of
vision, smell and dance language
that bees can locate flowers
and collect nectar efficiently
to produce sweet honey
Voir Plus de Vidéos Connexes
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)