El CORAZÓN HUMANO: partes, aurículas, ventrículos, válvulas, funciones (anatomía)
Summary
TLDREn este video se explica detalladamente el funcionamiento del corazón humano y sus partes. Se menciona que el corazón es un músculo hueco en forma de cono que se divide en cuatro cavidades: dos aurículas y dos ventrículos. Estas cavidades bombean la sangre en un circuito pulmonar para oxigenarla y en un circuito sistémico para llevar oxígeno y nutrientes al cuerpo. Además, se destacan las válvulas del corazón que aseguran el flujo unidireccional de la sangre. Finalmente, se describe cómo el corazón funciona como una bomba para mantener la circulación sanguínea.
Takeaways
- 🫀 El corazón es un músculo hueco con forma de cono, ubicado a la izquierda del centro del pecho, y es aproximadamente del tamaño de un puño.
- 🌡️ El corazón es parte del sistema cardiovascular, junto con las venas, arterias y capilares, y su función es bombear sangre para llevar oxígeno y nutrientes a todo el cuerpo.
- 🔄 El corazón funciona como una bomba doble: la mitad derecha envía sangre a los pulmones para oxigenarla, mientras que la mitad izquierda la envía al resto del cuerpo.
- 🧱 El corazón está dividido en cuatro cavidades: dos aurículas (superiores) y dos ventrículos (inferiores), que están separadas por válvulas que regulan el flujo sanguíneo.
- 💡 Las aurículas reciben sangre y la envían a los ventrículos, que luego la bombean fuera del corazón hacia los pulmones o el resto del cuerpo.
- 🚪 Las válvulas del corazón aseguran que la sangre fluya en una sola dirección, evitando el retroceso y garantizando un flujo sanguíneo eficiente.
- 🫧 Las válvulas semilunares y auriculoventriculares funcionan en secuencia, abriéndose y cerrándose para controlar el paso de la sangre entre cavidades y hacia los vasos sanguíneos.
- 🩸 La sangre ingresa al corazón a través de las venas (vena cava superior e inferior) y sale a través de las arterias (arteria pulmonar y aorta), que la distribuyen por todo el cuerpo.
- 🫁 El circuito pulmonar lleva la sangre sin oxígeno a los pulmones para oxigenarla, mientras que el circuito sistémico la distribuye por todo el cuerpo.
- 🔄 El ciclo cardíaco implica la contracción de las aurículas y los ventrículos en una secuencia coordinada para bombear sangre de manera efectiva a través de ambos circuitos.
Q & A
¿Cuál es la función principal del corazón?
-La función principal del corazón es bombear sangre oxigenada a todos los órganos y tejidos del cuerpo, proporcionando los nutrientes y oxígeno que necesitan para sobrevivir, además de eliminar sustancias de desecho.
¿Cuántas cavidades tiene el corazón y cómo se llaman?
-El corazón tiene cuatro cavidades: dos aurículas (derecha e izquierda) y dos ventrículos (derecho e izquierdo).
¿Cuál es la diferencia entre las aurículas y los ventrículos?
-Las aurículas son las cavidades superiores del corazón y funcionan principalmente como reservorios de sangre, mientras que los ventrículos son las cavidades inferiores que funcionan como bombas verdaderas, expulsando la sangre hacia los pulmones y el resto del cuerpo.
¿Qué es el tabique y cuál es su función en el corazón?
-El tabique es una pared fibrosa que divide el corazón en dos mitades, derecha e izquierda, y evita que la sangre de las cámaras derechas se mezcle con la de las cámaras izquierdas.
¿Qué son las válvulas cardíacas y cuál es su función?
-Las válvulas cardíacas son estructuras que permiten el flujo unidireccional de la sangre dentro del corazón. Abren para permitir que la sangre pase de una cavidad a otra o hacia los vasos sanguíneos, y luego cierran para evitar el reflujo de sangre.
¿Cómo se llaman las válvulas que separan las aurículas de los ventrículos?
-Las válvulas que separan las aurículas de los ventrículos se llaman válvulas auriculoventriculares.
Outlines
💓 Funcionamiento del corazón humano
El corazón es un músculo hueco con forma de cono ubicado a la izquierda del pecho. Su tamaño es similar al de un puño y, junto con las venas, arterias y capilares, forma parte del sistema cardiovascular. Es especial porque actúa como una bomba que envía sangre con oxígeno y nutrientes a los órganos y tejidos, permitiendo la eliminación de desechos. El corazón tiene dos bombas: una en el lado derecho que envía sangre a los pulmones para oxigenarse, y otra en el lado izquierdo que distribuye la sangre oxigenada al resto del cuerpo.
🫀 Partes del corazón: aurículas y ventrículos
El corazón tiene cuatro cavidades: dos aurículas en la parte superior y dos ventrículos en la parte inferior. Las aurículas reciben sangre del cuerpo y los pulmones, funcionando como reservorios de los ventrículos. Estos últimos actúan como bombas que envían la sangre a los pulmones y al resto del cuerpo. Las aurículas y ventrículos están separados por válvulas que garantizan el flujo unidireccional de la sangre y previenen su retroceso. Además, un tabique fibroso divide el corazón en dos, evitando que la sangre de los lados derecho e izquierdo se mezcle.
🚪 Válvulas cardíacas y su función
El corazón utiliza cuatro válvulas para regular el flujo de sangre en una sola dirección: dos semilunares (aórtica y pulmonar) y dos auriculoventriculares (mitral y tricúspide). Las válvulas semilunares evitan el retorno de sangre a los ventrículos, mientras que las auriculoventriculares separan las aurículas de los ventrículos. Estas válvulas funcionan en secuencia, abriéndose y cerrándose de manera pasiva para permitir la entrada y salida de sangre en el momento adecuado, garantizando que el flujo sea siempre hacia adelante.
🩸 Circulación de la sangre en el cuerpo
La sangre entra y sale del corazón a través de venas y arterias, formando dos circuitos: el circuito pulmonar y el circuito sistémico. El circuito pulmonar transporta la sangre sin oxígeno desde el corazón a los pulmones, donde se oxigena. Luego, el circuito sistémico distribuye la sangre oxigenada desde el corazón a todo el cuerpo. La sangre sin oxígeno regresa al corazón a través de las venas cavas, mientras que la sangre oxigenada llega a través de las venas pulmonares, completando el ciclo.
🔄 Resumen final del funcionamiento cardíaco
El corazón realiza una serie de contracciones rítmicas que permiten el bombeo de sangre de forma eficiente, asegurando el suministro constante de oxígeno y nutrientes a los órganos vitales.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Corazón
💡Aurículas
💡Ventrículos
💡Válvulas cardíacas
Highlights
The heart is a hollow muscle, cone-shaped, located to the left of the chest's center, similar in size to a fist.
It is part of the cardiovascular system, along with veins, arteries, and capillaries.
The heart pumps blood through two main circuits: the pulmonary circuit for oxygenating blood and the systemic circuit for distributing oxygenated blood to the body.
The heart functions like two pumps: the right side pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, while the left side pumps oxygenated blood to the body.
The heart is divided into four chambers: two atria (upper chambers) and two ventricles (lower chambers).
Atria function as reservoirs for blood from the lungs and body, contracting to fill the ventricles.
Ventricles act as the main pumps, pushing blood to the lungs and the rest of the body.
The heart contains valves (semilunar and atrioventricular) that control unidirectional blood flow and prevent backflow.
The semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary) prevent backflow into the ventricles during diastole.
The atrioventricular valves (mitral and tricuspid) prevent backflow from the ventricles into the atria during systole.
The septum is a fibrous wall that separates the right and left sides.
Transcripts
hello guys I hope you are very well in this video I will talk about the human heart its
parts and how it works let's start the heart is a hollow muscle with a shape similar to that of
a cone that is located to the left of the center of our chest its size It is close to that of the fist
of the hand and together with the veins, the arteries and the capillaries, it is part of the cardiovascular system,
unlike all the other muscles that are part of our body, such as those we have
in our arms, our face or our back, our heart . it is a very special muscle because of the function it
performs, it sends from its interior to all the organs and tissues, thus providing them with
the oxygen and nutrients they need to survive at the same time that it facilitates their
elimination of waste substances to do this possible the heart muscle
works like a pump well really like two ways in one the pump on the right side pumps
the blood coming from the heart to the lungs reason from the rest of the body so that it can be
oxygenated and the pump on the left side works in reverse, that is, it receives the oxygenated blood that
comes from the lungs and pumps it to the rest of the body. Let's see in more detail each of the
parts of the heart and how the heart works it is made up of four different parts that
are always filled with blood, each of which is called a cavity if we divide the
heart into two equal parts we will realize that on each of the right and left sides
there are two cavities one in the upper part and one in the lower part the two
upper right and left cavities are called atria and the two lower ones are called ventricles
each atrial connects to a ventricle but at the same time is separated from it through
a valve In the same way, the ventricles are separated from the blood vessels with which they
are connected through valves. Let's see each of these parts separately. let 's start
with the atria the atria are the upper chambers of the heart that are filled with blood
from the rest of the body and the lungs they are made up of very thin walls
capable of withstanding little pressure both atria are connected through their lower part to a
ventricle and although they are called booster pumps they function as blood reservoirs of
the ventricles rather than as pumps these two chambers contract almost at the same
time and they do so before the ventricles do so this contraction causes the blood
contained in its interior is expelled and quickly fills the ventricles that are still empty
the ventricles are the two lower chambers of the heart and unlike the atria they function
as true pumps, pumping blood from their interior to the lungs and to the rest of the
organs and tissues of the body each ventricle is made up of a large number of
muscle fibers that contract expuls I walk the blood out of them, in short, they are the
exit doors of the blood from the heart. Until now, I have been telling you that the two halves of the
heart formed by the atria and ventricles separate, but since they do so, in the center
of the heart there is a large vertical wall formed of fibrous tissue called the septum that fulfills this
function by preventing the blood contained in the right and left chambers from mixing this large
septum is divided into two the interatrial septum located in the upper part that separates the
right atrium from the left atrium and the interventricular septum that separates both
ventricles continuing the exploration of the heart we must know that the atria and ventricles
do not work independently, they work as a team after the atria fill with
blood, it is sent almost immediately to the ventricles who they contract expelling the
blood out of the heart but at the same time that this happens the atria they receive blood again
and inside it is prepared for the next contraction of the ventricles the question
we ask ourselves at this moment is how the blood that reaches each of these chambers does to know
where the blood that has to go well enters the heart relies on four
very special structures that are inside this organ that are called valves
but how do these valves work well the valves open to let blood in
and then close to prevent it from leaving just like when it enters through a door sans now
that it opens to let you pass and then closes to prevent you from going back behind it
all these four valves are unidirectional, that is, they allow blood flow to take
place in only one direction there are two groups of valves the semilunar valves and the
atrioventricular valve both types of valves that are formed by sheets of
flexible and resistant fibrous tissue s They move passively and their physical orientation is what determines the
unidirectionality of the blood flow. They also work in sequence, that is, when one opens,
the others close and vice versa, thus avoiding the backward flow of blood,
but let's see where each one is and how the semilunar valves work
is an earthquake there are two ideas one aortic and one pulmonary the aortic valve which is located
between the left ventricle and the aortic artery prevents the return of blood from
the left ventricle to the left atrium while the pulmonary valve Located between
the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, it prevents blood from returning from the right ventricle
to the pulmonary artery. Both valves close when the ventricles are in the
resting phase or diastole, that is, when they fill with blood from the atria. Now
, the atrioventricular valves are, as their name indicates, located in
the place where the atria are connected to the ventricles and are called the mitral
valve the mitral valve separates the left ventricle from the left atrium preventing
blood flow from the ventricle to the atrium when it contracts and the tricuspid valve
which has three valves is located between the right ventricle and the right atrium and
fulfills exactly the same function as the mitral valve, but in the right chambers of the heart
the cusp and mitral valves are closed when the ventricles are in
systole or contraction phase, that is, when the ventricles or like this in the blood towards the
pulmonary arteries and now but how does the blood get to our heart and what does it do after it
leaves it well the blood enters and leaves our heart through some tubes that are
connected to the cycle that extend from there throughout the body these tubes are known
as veins and arteries and are collectively called blood vessels the veins are the
blood vessels that transport blood from the tissues to the heart and the arteries are those that
take it out of it and lead it back to the organs and tissues the veins that deliver the
blood from the heart are two and receive the name of superior vena cava and inferior vena
cava the superior or descending vena cava receives blood that comes from the upper part of the body and
delivers it to the right atrium of the heart while the inferior or ascending vena cava delivers
blood to this same atrium that collects from all the organs that are located below
our diaphragm now well the arteries that take blood from the left side of the heart
are also two the pulmonary artery and the aortic artery the pulmonary artery carries blood from
the right ventricle to the the lungs and the aorta is the largest artery in the body and
carries blood from the left ventricle to all the organs and tissues.
that we have walked through each of the parts that make up our heart, let us finally see
how they are recorded as a whole to guarantee the proper functioning of this vital organ,
first of all we have to know that the blood vessels that connect to the cardiac chambers,
atria and the ventricles conduct blood through two different circuits the pulmonary or minor
circuit and the systemic or major circuit each of these circuits begins and ends in the heart the
pulmonary circuit the shortest of the 29 the blood without oxygen the small distance between
the heart and the lungs so that it is loaded with oxygen and then sent back to the
heart from where it enters the systemic circuit this circuit is the longest since it moves
oxygenated blood from the heart to absolutely all the tissues of the body since we have
this in mind let's see in an orderly way the series of events that our heart performs to
pump blood through each one Of these circuits, let us remember that the atria function
as reception chambers and the ventricles as expulsion chambers. The
oxygen-deprived blood that is collected from each of the organs that make up our body enters
the right atrium of the heart through the vena cava. superior and inferior after this
occurs, the right atrium contracts, thus sending the blood to the right ventricle
for this to occur, the tricuspid valve opens and closes again to prevent the backward flow of
blood, it is precisely at this moment that in which the right ventricle contracts, pushing
the blood towards the pulmonary artery, which leads it to the lungs where it will be
oxygenated, but for this to happen, the pulmonary valve must open to facilitate the passage of
blood to the pulmonary artery and close immediately after Now the
oxygenated blood that returns to the lungs enters the left atrium of the heart through the The pulmonary
veins and after their contraction passes to the left ventricle through the
mitral valve and then thanks to the contraction of this ventricle the blood is pushed through
the aortic valve towards the aortic artery in the part through its multiple branches
to all the tissues of the body finally once all the tissues have managed to capture all
the oxygen from the blood, leaving it completely free of its oxygen, it returns through the veins of the
right atrium to start again the simple good guys that has been all for this
video I hope it has served you and if so I invite you to give it the x subscribe to our channel
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