Citation and Referencing for Beginners Part II
Summary
TLDRThis educational video script delves into the importance of proper citation and referencing in academic writing, emphasizing the perils of plagiarism. It outlines various citation styles, including APA, MLA, and Vancouver, and explains how to correctly format in-text citations and reference lists. The script warns against plagiarism and stresses the necessity of giving credit to original authors, guiding students on how to avoid academic misconduct.
Takeaways
- 📚 When writing academic papers, it's crucial to gather information from various sources like websites, newspapers, and journals.
- 🚫 Avoid plagiarism by not copying information directly from sources without giving proper credit to the author.
- 📉 In the USA, a significant percentage of international students are found to engage in some form of plagiarism.
- ⚠️ Plagiarism can lead to severe consequences like failing a course or expulsion from educational institutions.
- 🤖 Students often use AI tools like ChatGPT for essay writing and homework, but it's important to fact-check and cite the original sources.
- 📝 Citations are used to give credit to the original authors within the body of the paper, while references are listed at the end.
- 🔑 There are different citation styles like APA, MLA, and Vancouver, each with specific rules for in-text citations and reference lists.
- 🔑 APA style uses the author's name and year of publication for in-text citations, while MLA includes the author's name and page number.
- 🔢 Vancouver style uses a numeric system for citations, with numbers indicating the order of sources in the reference list.
- 📖 The reference list at the end of the paper includes details like author names, publication dates, titles, and source information, arranged differently depending on the citation style.
- 👨🏫 Always check with your teacher or the specific requirements of the journal to determine which citation style to use for your assignment.
Q & A
What are the common sources of information for students when writing essays and assignments?
-Students can gather information from various sources such as websites and blogs, newspapers, journal articles, theses, books, and even video and audio materials found on the internet.
Why is it important not to copy information directly from these sources?
-Copying information directly without giving proper credit to the source can lead to plagiarism, which is using someone else's information without acknowledging the author. This can result in failing a course or even expulsion from the university or school.
What percentage of international students in the USA are found to be involved in plagiarism?
-Only about 20 to 30 percent of international students in the USA are found doing some form of plagiarism.
How can students use ChatGPT responsibly when writing essays and solving homework?
-Students can use information provided by ChatGPT, but they must fact-check and provide credit to the original author, as ChatGPT is not the original author.
What is the difference between citation and references in academic writing?
-Citation is the practice of acknowledging the author's name and source within the body of your paper, while references are the list of all the sources cited, placed at the end of your assignment.
What are the two main citation styles mentioned in the script?
-The two main citation styles mentioned are the name and year system, which includes the author's name and year of publication, and the numeric system, which uses numbers at the end of sentences corresponding to the list of sources.
What does APA style require for an in-text citation?
-APA style requires the author's last name and the year of publication for an in-text citation, which can appear as a parenthetical citation at the end of a sentence or a narrative citation within the text.
How does MLA style differ from APA style in terms of in-text citation?
-MLA style requires the author's last name and the page number where the information was found for an in-text citation, which can also be presented as a parenthetical or narrative citation.
What is the Vancouver style of citation and how does it differ from APA and MLA?
-Vancouver style uses a numeric system for citations, where numbers correspond to the list of sources. Unlike APA and MLA, which use the author's name and date or page number, Vancouver style citations can appear at the end of a sentence or within the text and are often presented as superscript.
What should students do to ensure they follow the correct citation style for their assignments?
-Students should check with their teacher to determine which citation style they need to follow for their assignments.
Why is it important to give credit to original authors in academic writing?
-Giving credit to original authors is crucial to avoid plagiarism and to acknowledge the intellectual property and contributions of others in academic writing.
Outlines
📚 Understanding Academic Integrity and Citation
This paragraph emphasizes the importance of academic integrity in student work, particularly when collecting information for essays, papers, and assignments. It highlights that information can be sourced from a variety of sources, including websites, blogs, newspapers, journals, books, and multimedia content. The paragraph warns against plagiarism, which is using someone else's information without proper credit, and notes that it can lead to severe consequences such as failing a course or expulsion from school. It introduces the concept of using AI like ChatGPT for assistance but stresses the necessity of fact-checking and crediting the original author. The paragraph also explains the difference between citation (giving credit within the text) and references (a list of sources at the end of the paper). It provides examples of both name and year system citations and numeric system citations, and explains that different citation styles are used depending on the field of study.
🔑 Key to Citation Styles and Academic Publishing
Paragraph 2 delves into the specifics of different citation styles required for various academic journals. It mentions that adherence to a journal's preferred style is crucial for publication, with examples provided for APA, Vancouver, and MLA styles. The paragraph explains that APA style is commonly used in education, psychology, and science, while Vancouver style is favored in medicine, and MLA style is typical in humanities. It also discusses how citation styles differ in their approach to in-text citations, with APA using the author's last name and year of publication, MLA using the author's last name and page number, and Vancouver using a numeric system. The paragraph provides examples of how in-text citations are formatted in each style and notes that references at the end of the document are organized differently for each style, with APA and MLA using alphabetical order and Vancouver using numerical order.
📝 Components of Citation and Referencing
The final paragraph provides a detailed look at the components required for proper citation in APA, MLA, and Vancouver styles. It explains that APA style references include the author's name, date, title of the paper, journal name, volume, and page number. For MLA style, it includes the author's name, title, publishing company, and date. Vancouver style, on the other hand, lists references numerically and includes the author's name, title, journal name, date, volume, and page number. The paragraph also provides a summary of the video's main points, emphasizing the importance of giving credit to original authors, understanding different citation styles, and checking with teachers to determine which style to follow. It concludes with a call to action for viewers to subscribe to the channel for more educational content.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Plagiarism
💡Citation
💡References
💡APA Style
💡MLA Style
💡Vancouver Style
💡In-text Citation
💡Narrative Citation
💡Parenthetical Citation
💡Academic Integrity
Highlights
Students need to write essays, papers, and assignments, starting with information collection.
Information can be gathered from various sources like websites, newspapers, and books.
Avoid plagiarism by not copying information directly without proper credit.
Only 20-30% of international students are found committing plagiarism in the USA.
Plagiarism can lead to failing a course or expulsion from educational institutions.
ChatGPT can be used for essay writing, but fact-checking and original author credit are necessary.
Citations are used to give credit to the original authors within the body of the paper.
References are a list of all sources cited, placed at the end of the assignment.
Different citation styles exist, such as APA, MLA, and Vancouver.
APA style uses the author's name and year of publication for in-text citations.
MLA style includes the author's name and page number in in-text citations.
Vancouver style uses a numeric system for in-text citations.
References in APA style are organized alphabetically with author, date, title, journal, volume, and page number.
MLA references include author's name, title, publishing house, and date, also organized alphabetically.
Vancouver references are listed numerically, including author, title, journal, date, volume, and page number.
Always consult your teacher or institution to determine which citation style to use.
The video provides a summary of citation and referencing practices for academic integrity.
Transcripts
when you are a student at a school or a
college you need to write a lot of
essays papers and do a lot of
assignments
while writing these assignments the
first step is to collect the information
but where do you get the information
you can get the information from various
sources such as websites and blogs
newspapers Journal articles thesis books
even video and audio in the internet and
when you find the information you need
can you copy them directly no because
when you copy directly without giving
proper credit to the source you could
get into the trouble because of
plagiarism
plagiarism is when you use someone
else's information without giving credit
to the author
in USA only about 20 to 30 percent of
international students are found doing
some form of plagiarism if you are found
doing plagiarism you could fail in your
course and even get expelled from the
University or school
nowadays a lot of students use chat GPT
to write essay and solve their homework
although you can use the information
given by chat GPT you still need to do a
fact check and provide credit to the
original author as chargpt is not the
original author
so what is the solution well you can use
information from other sources because
you cannot write everything on your own
as long as you write the name of author
and the source you're okay including the
name of author in your assignment is
called citation whereas when you provide
the list of all the sources at the end
of your assignment is called references
citation appears in the body of your
paper that's why it's called in-text
citation whereas references appear at
the end
closely to this paper as you can see
here in introduction you can see a lot
of citations highlighted for example
weeks and Nicole 2006 Apple buy it all
2002 Lay It All 2011 Scrolls it all 2011
and so on now let's go to the end of
this paper you can see the list of all
the sources that have been cited in the
paper
let's look at another example can you
see the citation here in introduction
it's a little different here
can you notice numbers inside square
brackets for example 1 and 2 here 3 here
and 4 here
well there are citations in this paper
this is just a different way to do
citation compared to the example before
now let's go to the end of this paper
you can see the list of all the sources
that have been cited in the paper
now let's put first example in the left
and second example in the right let's
look at the citations of both papers
first one has name of author and year of
publication whereas second one has only
the number at the end of sentences
did you see the difference
first one is called name and year system
and second one is called numeric system
both of them are very popular
when you are writing your assignment or
paper you need to find first what style
to follow you can simply ask your
teacher to find out what style you need
to use
let's move all the way down to end of
these papers when you see the difference
here in the way they have put reference
first one has list of references
arranged alphabetically for example
first one starts with alvino second one
Apple buy and third one bubier whereas
second paper has list of references
arranged numerically as 1 2 3 4 and so
on as you can see here one is Hill and
two is Prince and so on
we will talk about what goes in the
citation and reference later on but
before that let's add another paper here
can you see some citations in the first
paragraph
well there are few citations learner 24
here
burden and say for 133 here
green 244 here
and learner 177 here
can you see how it is different from
previous examples
first one has name in year
second one has number only
and this one has name and page number 24
133
244 and 177 are the page number from
where information was sourced
now let's go to the end of this paper
you can see the list of references here
which are arranged alphabetically
however the style is different than
first and second examples
by now you must have understood there
are different citation Styles now let's
learn about them first paper has
followed APA style second paper has
followed Vancouver Style
and third paper has followed MLA style
different journals follow different
styles if you want to publish in their
Journal you have to follow their style
otherwise your paper may be rejected API
style is used in the field such as
education psychology and science
Vancouver style is mostly used by
medicine
and MLA style is used by humanities
you must have heard Journal cull nature
this one of the article published in
Journal of nature called cell research
and as you can see here it uses numeric
citation style which is very close to
Vancouver style if you closely in this
paper there are numbers but not inside
brackets
now let's have a closer look at the
in-text citation and references on the
left side is APA style middle is MLA
style and right is Vancouver style let's
learn about APA first
for APA in-text Citation has two
components author's last name and data
publication for example Thomas 2022
where Thomas is the last name of the
author and 2022 is a date when the paper
was published
now let's look at these two sentences
first sentence ammonia causes reduction
in food intake of birds Thomas 2004
second sentence Thomas 2004 reported
reduced food intake in Birds due to
ammonia
in first sentence we have in-text
citation at the end of the sentence and
in second sentence we have in-text
citation at this start
and first one is called parenthetical
citation and second one is called
narrative citation parenthetical at the
end and narrative at this start
now there are some variations here if we
have different situations if we have two
authors it becomes instead of just
Thomas here we replace it by Thomas and
John's 2004 here where Thomas and Jones
are two authors of the paper and Thomas
and Jones 2004 here
and three or more authors it becomes
Thomas at all 2004 here and Thomas at
all 2004 here can you see how it's
getting changed in each situation to
learn more about in-text citation please
click the I button
now let's do same thing for MLA MLA
in-text citation also has mainly two
components author's last name and page
number for example Thomas 23.
where Thomas is the last name of the
author and 23 is a page number where you
found the information
now let's look at these two sentences
first sentence
by 1970 population dropped to 5000
Thomas 23.
second sentence Thomas reported drop in
population up to 5000 by 1970 23.
in the first sentence we have in-text
citation at the end of the sentence and
in second sentence we have author's name
at the start and page number at the end
and this is called parenthetical
citation and this is called narrative
citation
like APA MLA citation also has some
variations two authors it becomes Thomas
and Jones 23 here and Thomas and John's
here
and three or more authors it becomes
Thomas at all 23 here and Thomas it all
here
see how it's getting changed in each
situation to learn more about MLA
in-text citation please click the I
button now let's learn about Vancouver
style the key difference between other
citation style and Vancouver is other
styles use author's name and date or
page number however Vancouver style uses
number and the number could range from 1
to 10 20 30 and so on
number can appear at the end of the
sentence or somewhere inside the
sentence number can be put in
superscript depending on the requirement
of Journal as shown here
the first sentence here is parenthetical
citation and second sentence is
narrative citation
as you can see here in narrative
citation we have used author's name
so guys by now you have learned about
in-text citation now let's learn about
references which appear at the end of
your essay or paper
let's look at three types of references
again this is references organized for
APA style
this is references organized for MLA
style
and this is reference organized for
Vancouver Style
let's look at this reference closely
from APA style from here to here is the
name of authors
this is date
this is the title of the article
this is the journal name
this is the volume and this is page
number
so in APA style you need author's name
date title of paper name of Journal
volume and page number
there will be some changes when you
reference websites books and other
documents for details click video in the
I button remember that all the
references in API format are organized
alphabetically as you can see here now
let's look closely at this reference
from MLA style
here this is the name
this is title
this is publishing company
and this is date
so in general in MLA citation you need
author's name title of the article
publishing house or journal and date
to learn more about MLA click the I
button
remember that all the references in MLA
formats are also organized
alphabetically as shown here now let's
look at this reference closely from
Vancouver Style
here the reference list has started with
number one
then two and then 3 and it is not
organized alphabetically so in this
style references are listed numerically
as you can see here this has author's
name title of paper Journal name date
volume and page number
that means in general Vancouver style
citation needs author's name title
Journal name date volume and page number
however there will be some minor
variations based on Source or Journal
so guys that's it for today's video
before we wrap up here is the summary of
today's video always give credit to the
original authors there are different
styles of citation and referencing in
text citation appears in the body
reference list appears at the end of the
paper check with your teacher to know
which style you need to follow
I hope today's video was useful please
do not forget to subscribe to our
Channel we will see you again in next
video Until then watch we Inspire and
keep inspiring
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