Bioinsumos: uso de fungos e bactérias para fertilizar o solo e combater pragas cresce - Globo Rural

Cortes Globo Rural

12 Apr 202311:06

Summary

TLDRThe video script focuses on the growing trend of biological agriculture in Brazil, showcasing farmers like Seu Sandro and Seu Jorge who utilize biological inputs, or 'bioins,' to enhance soil health and crop yields. These farmers collect beneficial microorganisms from the forest and multiply them in biofactories to create organic compounds for fertilizing their crops. The script highlights the balance between chemical and biological elements in the soil, the challenges of adapting biological methods to different regions, and the importance of scientific scrutiny in the field of biological agriculture. It also touches on the Brazilian government's initiative to promote biological inputs through the National Bioins Program.

Takeaways

🌱 The goal of farmers investing in biological products for their crops is to return to the soil what belongs to the soil.
📈 The market for biological inputs, also known as bioins, is growing rapidly.
🌾 On the Sandro Rex farm in Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil, biological inputs are used to maintain soil health by collecting beneficial microorganisms from the forest floor.
🔬 The technique applied on the farm, known as the soil food web, emphasizes the balance between chemical and biological properties of the soil.
🌿 The use of bioins aims to restore biological elements to degraded soil, counteracting the imbalance caused by monoculture and chemical use.
🌱 The process involves collecting fungi from the farm's forest, multiplying them, and then applying them to the crops to improve soil health and productivity.
🌽 Jorge Quiche's farm has seen increased productivity and control over pests and diseases by using biological products to treat corn and soybean seeds.
🔬 Biological products are seen as an 'arsenal' compared to chemical products, which are likened to a single 'weapon', highlighting their diverse benefits.
📊 From 2000 to 2022, Brazil registered 651 biological products for agricultural use, with 134 new registrations in the last year alone.
🏭 The biofactory has expanded significantly, investing 18 million reais to meet the growing demand for biological products.
🔍 The scientific scrutiny is crucial for the development and adoption of biological control methods, ensuring their effectiveness and proper use.

Q & A

What is the main goal of farmers investing in biological products for their crops?
-The main goal is to return to the soil what belongs to the soil, by using biological products known as bioins to restore balance and health to the degraded soil.
What is the significance of the 'food web' or 'soil food web' technique mentioned in the script?
-The 'food web' technique, also known as the soil food web, emphasizes the balance between all elements of the soil, including chemical properties like acidity and nutrient levels, and biological properties involving microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria.
How does the use of bioins in agriculture aim to correct soil imbalance caused by monoculture and chemical use?
-Bioins are used to reintroduce biological elements into degraded soil, counteracting the overuse of chemical products that can harm the soil's health and plant growth in monoculture farming systems.
What is the process of collecting beneficial microorganisms from the forest floor as described in the script?
-The process involves collecting fungi and other microorganisms from the forest floor, which are then taken to a biofactory for multiplication on a large scale to be used as organic fertilizers in agriculture.
How does the biofactory contribute to the sustainable agriculture practices described in the script?
-The biofactory plays a crucial role by multiplying fungi and bacteria collected from the farm's natural environment, creating organic compounds that are then applied to the soil to improve its health and productivity.
What is the purpose of treating corn seeds with biological products before planting, as mentioned in the script?
-The purpose is to use biological products as preventive treatments, similar to medicines, to help the seeds absorb more nutrients and develop stronger roots, which can also help control pests and diseases.
What was the issue that Seu Jorge's farm faced with chemical defenses, and how did bioins help address it?
-Seu Jorge's farm faced a challenge where chemical defenses were no longer effective against a microorganism known as the nematode, which attacks the roots of corn and soybeans. The use of bioins helped to balance the soil and control the nematode population.
How has the growth of the biofactory been influenced by the increasing demand for biological products in Brazil?
-The biofactory has expanded significantly, from 700 square meters to over ten times larger, with an investment of 18 million reais, due to the rising demand for biological products in Brazil.
What is the role of scientific scrutiny in the development and application of biological products in agriculture?
-Scientific scrutiny is essential to ensure that biological products are effective for their intended use, registered with the Ministry of Agriculture, and applied correctly to maintain the credibility and effectiveness of biological control methods in agriculture.
What is the potential of biological products to replace chemical defenses in agriculture, and what research is being conducted to explore this?
-Biological products have the potential to replace or complement chemical defenses, but research is ongoing to find the best combination of chemical and biological benefits. The group associated with the research in the Sudoeste do Goiás is testing biological insumos based on fungi to control the corn earworm, a pest that causes disease in plants.
What is the government's role in promoting biological products in agriculture, as mentioned in the script?
-The federal government of Brazil launched the National Program of Bioins in 2020 to stimulate research, production, and adoption of biological fertilizers and defenses, indicating a push towards sustainable agricultural practices.

Outlines

00:00

🌱 Sustainable Agriculture and Bioinputs

The paragraph introduces the concept of sustainable agriculture through the use of biological inputs, known as bioins, in crop cultivation. It features farmers like Seu Sandro Rex, who uses bioins in his farm in Rio Verde, Goiás. The narrative takes us through a tour of his farm, explaining the collection of beneficial microorganisms from the forest to enhance soil health. The focus is on the 'soil food web' technique, which emphasizes the balance between chemical and biological properties of the soil. The use of bioins aims to restore the biological elements to degraded soil, contrasting with the chemical imbalance caused by monoculture farming practices. The process involves collecting fungi from the forest, multiplying them in a biofactory on the farm, and then applying a liquid organic compound to the fields to improve plant health and productivity.

05:00

🌾 Bioinputs in Crop Protection and Productivity

This paragraph delves into the practical application of bioinputs in crop protection and enhancement of productivity. It discusses the case of Seu Jorge, who has been using bioinputs to combat nematodes, a root-attacking microorganism affecting corn and soybean crops. The bioinputs, containing fungi and bacteria, are applied to the seeds before planting, acting as preventive treatments. The paragraph also highlights the partnership between farmers and biofactories, where farmers contribute to research with field results and receive technical guidance in return. The growth of the biofactory, from a small facility to a much larger one, is attributed to the increasing demand for biological products. The narrative emphasizes the importance of scientific scrutiny in the development and application of bioinputs, and the potential of these products to replace or complement chemical defenses in agriculture.

10:03

🔬 Research and Innovation in Biological Agriculture

The final paragraph underscores the importance of research and innovation in the field of biological agriculture. It discusses the challenges faced by farmers in adapting to new farming practices and the rapid changes in agricultural dynamics. The paragraph introduces a research group of 45 farmers who are exploring the best combinations of chemical and biological inputs to manage pests like the corn leafhopper. The bioinputs, based on fungi, are tested for their effectiveness in controlling the pest. The narrative also touches upon the government's initiative to promote biological fertilizers and pesticides through the National Bioinputs Program, launched in 2020. The paragraph concludes with a reflection on the long-term goals of sustainable and environmentally conscious farming practices, aiming to balance productivity with the preservation of the environment.

Mindmap

Keywords

💡Biological Products

Biological products, also known as bioinputs, refer to substances used in agriculture that are derived from natural materials and living organisms. In the context of the video, these products are used as an alternative to chemical fertilizers and pesticides, aiming to promote sustainable farming practices. The script mentions the use of biological products like 'bioins' by farmers to restore balance to degraded soil and enhance crop health, as seen with the application of microorganisms collected from the forest floor.

💡Sustainable Agriculture

Sustainable agriculture is a farming approach that seeks to maintain environmental health, economic profitability, and social equity without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The video underscores this concept through the portrayal of farmers who are investing in biological products to maintain soil health and reduce reliance on chemical inputs. Sustainable agriculture is exemplified by practices like using 'food web' techniques to balance soil chemistry and biology, as described by Seu Sandro's farming methods.

💡Soil Biology

Soil biology pertains to the living organisms in the soil, including bacteria, fungi, and other microfauna, which play a crucial role in nutrient cycling and plant health. The video emphasizes the importance of soil biology by showing farmers collecting beneficial fungi from the forest to enhance soil fertility. This practice is part of an effort to reintroduce biological elements into the soil, which have been diminished by monoculture farming and chemical use.

💡Monoculture

Monoculture is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop species on a large scale, often leading to reduced biodiversity and soil degradation. The script mentions monoculture as a problem because it leads to an overreliance on chemical inputs, which can deplete the soil of beneficial microorganisms. Farmers in the video are seeking to counteract the negative effects of monoculture by using biological products to restore soil health.

💡Biofabrication

Biofabrication in the context of the video refers to the process of producing biological products, such as biofertilizers and biopesticides, on the farm itself. This is showcased by the biofactory within Seu Sandro's farm, where fungi and bacteria are multiplied at a large scale to create organic compounds for fertilizing crops. Biofabrication is a key component of the farm's sustainable practices, allowing for the production of bioinputs that are tailored to the specific needs of the farm's ecosystem.

💡Crop Health

Crop health is a central theme in the video, focusing on the use of biological products to improve the vitality and resistance of crops. For instance, the script describes how treating corn seeds with biological products containing fungi and bacteria can enhance nutrient absorption and root development, leading to healthier plants. This approach contrasts with the traditional reliance on chemical pesticides and fertilizers, which can harm soil health and reduce crop resilience.

💡Pest Control

Pest control is addressed in the video through the use of biological products as a means to manage pests without resorting to harmful chemicals. An example is the use of bioinputs to control nematodes, which are microscopic worms that damage crop roots. The video highlights the success of farmers like Seu Jorge in reducing nematode populations and enhancing crop health through the application of biological pest control methods.

💡Productivity

Productivity in agriculture is about maximizing the output of crops while minimizing inputs and environmental impact. The video discusses how the use of biological products has led to increased productivity on farms that have adopted sustainable practices. This is evident in the case of Seu Jorge, who noticed a significant response in productivity after the third year of using bioinputs, demonstrating the long-term benefits of investing in sustainable farming methods.

💡Biological Pesticides

Biological pesticides are substances derived from natural materials that control pests without harming the environment. In the video, biological pesticides are used as an alternative to chemical pesticides, with the aim of reducing the environmental footprint of farming. The script mentions the use of fungi-based bioinputs to control pests like the corn leafhopper, showcasing the effectiveness of these natural solutions in managing agricultural pests.

💡Research and Development

Research and development (R&D) in the video is portrayed as essential for advancing sustainable agriculture and improving the effectiveness of biological products. The script highlights the collaboration between farmers and research institutions, such as the group of 45 farmers associated with the Sudoeste GAP research group, who are testing biological inputs to control pests. R&D is crucial for finding the best combinations of chemical and biological methods to enhance crop yields and protect the environment.

💡Environmental Concerns

Environmental concerns are a driving force behind the shift towards biological products and sustainable agriculture practices depicted in the video. The script emphasizes the importance of caring for the environment as part of the farming legacy, with the ultimate goal of producing food while preserving natural resources. The video illustrates this through the efforts of farmers who are not only focused on productivity but also on the long-term health of the ecosystems they depend on.

Highlights

Agricultors are investing in biological products for their crops to restore balance to the soil.

The market for biological inputs, known as bioins, is growing rapidly.

Farmer Sandro Rex uses biological inputs in his corn and soybean plantations in Goiás, Brazil.

Sandro collects beneficial microorganisms from the forest to use in his farm's biological products.

The 'food web' or 'soil food web' technique is applied to maintain soil balance.

Chemical products in monoculture farming can overwhelm biological elements, harming the soil.

Biological inputs aim to restore biological elements to degraded soil.

The process of creating biological compounds involves collecting fungi and bacteria from the farm.

Farmer Jorge Quiche has successfully controlled a root-attacking microorganism using biological products.

Biological products are used as preventive treatments for seeds, enhancing nutrient absorption and root development.

The increase in productivity is noticeable from the third year of using biological inputs.

Brazil has registered 651 biological products for field use from 2000 to 2022.

Biological inputs are seen as a national investment, avoiding currency exchange fluctuations.

The biofactory has expanded significantly, reflecting the growing demand for biological products.

Scientific scrutiny is essential to validate the claims of biological control methods.

Biological control can be effective if the correct conditions and product specifications are met.

Research is ongoing to find the best combination of chemical and biological inputs for agriculture.

The goal is to produce with environmental concern, preserving the legacy of the environment.

The federal government launched a national program to stimulate research, production, and adoption of biological fertilizers and pesticides.