Teori Struktur Keruangan Kota #kumer Geografi Kelas XII

Summary

This educational video script delves into urban development and spatial planning, focusing on various theories of city structure. It discusses concentric zone theory by Burgess, highlighting how cities like Chicago expand in a circular pattern influenced by economic and residential competition. The script also covers sectoral theory by Hoyt, explaining the楔-shaped growth of cities due to geographical factors, exemplified by cities like Calgary. The third theory, multiple nuclei by Harris and Ullman, is introduced, detailing how cities grow from a central business district and form new nuclei, as seen in Jakarta's expansion. The video concludes by introducing additional theories, urging viewers to explore further through assignments and projects.

Takeaways

• 🌐 The Concentric Zone Theory by Ernest Burgess suggests that cities develop evenly in all directions, forming a circular pattern, with the Central Business District (CBD) at the center.
• 🏙️ The theory is based on observations of Chicago, which grew outwards due to the constraints of Lake Michigan, and other cities like London, Calcutta, and Paris also exhibit concentric growth patterns.
• 🏗️ The Sectoral Theory by Homer Hoyt proposes that city development is not fully circular but forms specific sectors or pie-shaped segments, influenced by geographical factors like rivers and mountains.
• 🚏 Examples of sectoral city growth include Calgary in Canada, influenced by the Bow River, and California City in the United States, shaped by its location and infrastructure.
• 🏡 The Multiple Nuclei Theory by Harris and Ullman posits that city growth starts from a central core (CBD) and expands, leading to the emergence of new cores or sub-centers, such as Jakarta's development from Sunda Kelapa to Batavia and beyond.
• 🔄 The theory of Concentric Zones assumes a heterogeneous population, with industry as the economic base, and continuous expansion of city land due to population growth and the central business district becoming the economic hub.
• 🛣️ The Sectoral Theory is characterized by high land prices in suburban areas still connected to the city center, with low land prices along the corridors extending from the CBD.
• 🏘️ The Multiple Nuclei Theory highlights the separation of different activities based on the required facilities, economic activities, and income levels, leading to distinct residential zones.
• 🌆 The Concentric Zone Theory's structure includes the CBD, transitional zones, low-class residential areas, middle-class residential areas, and high-class residential areas, moving outward from the city center.
• 🏙️ The Sectoral Theory's structure includes the CBD, transitional zones, low-class residential areas surrounding the CBD, middle-class residential areas further away, and high-class residential areas seeking tranquility and comfort.
• 🌐 The Multiple Nuclei Theory's structure involves the CBD, commercial areas, light industry areas, low-class residential areas close to the CBD, middle-class residential areas, high-class residential areas, heavy industry areas, and suburban residential areas for the middle and upper classes.

Q & A

What is the Concentric Zone Theory proposed by Ernest Burgess?

The Concentric Zone Theory, proposed by Ernest Burgess in 1923, suggests that cities grow evenly in all directions, forming a circular pattern. It is based on his observations of Chicago, which grew outward due to the constraints of Lake Michigan.

What are the main zones identified in the Concentric Zone Theory?

The main zones identified in the Concentric Zone Theory are: 1) Central Business District (CBD), 2) Zone of Transition or the area with mixed commercial and residential uses, 3) Low-class residential zone, 4) Middle-class residential zone, and 5) High-class residential zone.

Which cities are mentioned as examples of the Concentric Zone Theory?

Cities mentioned as examples of the Concentric Zone Theory include London in England, Kolkata in India, Adelaide in Australia, Paris in France, and Jakarta in Indonesia.

What is the Sector Theory proposed by Homer Hoyt?

The Sector Theory, proposed by Homer Hoyt, suggests that city development does not form a complete circle concentrically or in rings but rather in specific sectors or like slices of a pie. This is due to geographical conditions such as hills, rivers, and parks.

What are the factors that influence the development of sectors in a city according to the Sector Theory?

Factors influencing the development of sectors in a city according to the Sector Theory include geographical conditions like hills, rivers, and the presence of parks, as well as transportation routes and land availability.

How does the Sector Theory differ from the Concentric Zone Theory?

The Sector Theory differs from the Concentric Zone Theory in that it suggests that cities grow in specific sectors rather than in a uniform circular pattern. This growth is influenced by geographical features and transportation routes.

What is the Multiple Nuclei Theory proposed by Harris and Ullman?

The Multiple Nuclei Theory, proposed by Harris and Ullman, suggests that city growth begins from a central core, such as the CBD, and then expands to form new nuclei as the city grows. This can lead to the development of satellite cities and the formation of a megalopolis.

How does the Multiple Nuclei Theory explain the formation of satellite cities?

The Multiple Nuclei Theory explains the formation of satellite cities by suggesting that as the central city grows and cannot accommodate further expansion, new nuclei of growth form in surrounding areas, leading to the development of satellite cities.

What is the Core-Peripheral Model mentioned in the script?

The Core-Peripheral Model is not explicitly mentioned in the script, but it is a concept that relates to the idea of central and peripheral areas within a city or region, where the core is the central business district and the periphery consists of outlying areas.

What are the assumptions of the Concentric Zone Theory?

The assumptions of the Concentric Zone Theory include a heterogeneous population, the city's economy being based on industry and commerce, continuous expansion of the city due to population growth, easy and affordable transportation, and the central business district being the economic center.

What is the significance of the Central Business District (CBD) in the Concentric Zone Theory?

In the Concentric Zone Theory, the Central Business District (CBD) is significant as it is the core area where economic, political, social, and cultural activities are concentrated. It is characterized by high land values and is typically surrounded by various government buildings, private offices, and even traditional markets.