Chemical Tanker Operations Part 2 - Prevention of Pollution (Edition 4)
Summary
TLDRThe video script emphasizes the importance of adhering to Marpol Annex II regulations for handling noxious liquid substances (NLS) on ships. It outlines the categorization of NLS into X, Y, and Z based on their environmental impact, with category X posing the greatest threat. The script discusses emergency procedures, pollution control measures, and the necessity of proper tank cleaning and cargo handling to prevent accidental discharges. It also highlights the strict rules for discharging residues, especially for category X substances, which must be pre-washed and sent to shore facilities, and the importance of having a Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan (SMPEP) for ships carrying NLS in bulk.
Takeaways
- đ **Read Data Sheets**: It's crucial to read data sheets for chemicals onboard, providing necessary information for emergencies and pollution control.
- đš **Emergency Preparedness**: Marpol Annex II outlines measures to control pollution from accidental discharges and operational procedures.
- đ **Noxious Liquid Substances (NLS)**: Bulk liquid cargos other than petroleum are categorized as NLS, with categories X, Y, or Z based on environmental harm.
- đ **Ship's Certificate of Fitness**: Lists NLS the ship is certified to carry, with specific categories indicating the degree of environmental harm.
- đ« **Pollution Control**: Pollution control is not limited to emergencies; it includes proper handling during tank cleaning and cargo operations.
- đ„ **Cargo Types and Their Categories**: The script mentions toxic, corrosive, flammable, and reactive cargos, each with specific pollution categories and handling requirements.
- đ **Immediate Action on Spillage**: In case of spillage, immediate action is required, including stopping pumps and notifying officers and the jetty.
- đ§ **Pre-Washing and Disposal**: Tanks carrying category X substances must be pre-washed, and residues disposed of at shore-based facilities.
- đ§ **Tank Cleaning Regulations**: Cleaning of tanks after cargo discharge must follow an approved plan in accordance with Marpol regulations.
- â **Equipment Maintenance**: Regular inspection of hoses and connections is essential to prevent dangerous spillage due to equipment failure.
- đ **Environmental Considerations**: Discharge of washings at sea is controlled, with specific requirements for speed, distance from land, and water depth.
Q & A
Why is it crucial to read the data sheets on chemicals being carried on board a ship?
-Reading data sheets is crucial because they provide all the necessary information required in case of an emergency, such as when cargo escapes from its controlled containment.
What are Noxious Liquid Substances (NLS) and how are they categorized under MARPOL Annex II?
-NLS are bulk liquid cargos other than petroleum that are harmful to the environment. They are categorized under MARPOL Annex II as Category X, Y, or Z, depending on the degree of harm they may represent to the environment, with Category X being the most severe.
What is the significance of the ship's Certificate of Fitness in relation to NLS?
-The ship's Certificate of Fitness lists the NLS that the ship is certified to carry, ensuring that the ship can legally and safely transport these substances.
Why is it important to follow the procedures outlined in the data sheets during an emergency involving toxic cargo like dichlorobenzene?
-Following procedures during an emergency is important because toxic cargoes like dichlorobenzene represent a major hazard to marine resources or human life and are considered high pollutants.
How does MARPOL categorize corrosive cargo like sulfuric acid in terms of pollution hazard?
-Corrosive cargo like sulfuric acid is categorized as Category Y under MARPOL, indicating it is a lesser pollutant than Category X substances but still requires specific handling and storage procedures.
What are the stripping requirements for ships carrying Category X and Y substances, and how do they differ for older ships built before 2007?
-All tanks and cargos must be stripped to the same 75 liters for newer ships. For older ships built before 2007, less stringent stripping requirements apply.
What actions should be taken immediately if a spillage or overflow involving toxic or corrosive substances occurs on board?
-If a spillage involves toxic or corrosive substances, the officer of the watch must be notified immediately, and if discharging the cargo, pumps can be stopped using emergency stops located in the cargo control room and at the manifold.
What is the procedure for pre-washing tanks that have carried Category X substances?
-Tanks that have carried Category X substances must be pre-washed after discharge to assure reception at a facility in accordance with the company's procedures and arrangements or P&A manual.
How should the discharge of washings at sea from tanks containing Category X, Y, or Z cargos be managed to minimize environmental impact?
-The ship must proceed at an appropriate speed, at least seven knots, be at least 12 miles from land, and in at least 25 meters depth of water. The discharge must be from below the water line and ensure proper mixing in the ship's wake.
What is the role of the MARPOL Control Surveyor during the pre-washing and tank cleaning processes?
-The MARPOL Control Surveyor supervises and ensures that the tank cleaning processes are done in accordance with regulations, checks that the cargo record book is up to date, and endorses the entries relating to the operations they have supervised.
Outlines
đš Safety and Pollution Control on Ships
This paragraph emphasizes the criticality of reading chemical data sheets onboard ships, especially in emergencies like chemical spills. It introduces Marple Annex II, which outlines measures to control pollution from accidental discharges and operational procedures. The paragraph discusses the categorization of noxious liquid substances (NLS) into X, Y, or Z categories based on their environmental harm, with X being the most severe. It also mentions the ship's Certificate of Fitness for carrying NLS and the importance of proper stowage and stripping levels for different categories. The paragraph concludes with a discussion on common sources of pollution, such as human error and mechanical failure, and the necessity of immediate action and reporting in case of a spill.
đłïž Handling and Discharge Procedures for Noxious Liquid Substances
Paragraph 2 delves into the specific procedures for handling and discharging noxious liquid substances (NLS) on ships. It highlights the strict regulations for category X substances, which are severe pollutants and must not have any residue entering the sea. The paragraph outlines the pre-washing requirements for tanks that carried high viscosity or solidifying substances and the need for an approved plan for tank cleaning. It also discusses the role of Marple control surveyors in supervising tank cleaning processes and the requirements for stripping and washing tanks at sea. Additionally, it covers the restrictions on discharging washing mediums and the specific conditions that must be met when discharging NLS or mixtures containing such substances into the sea.
đ Emergency Response and Pollution Prevention
The final paragraph focuses on emergency response and pollution prevention measures for NLS cargo. It stresses the importance of following specific requirements and procedures for each type of cargo in case of an emergency. The paragraph discusses various response actions, such as using absorbent materials or washing down affected areas with water, depending on the nature of the cargo. It also mentions the necessity of reporting any spill or pollution incident at sea to relevant coastal authorities and the requirement for ships carrying NLS in bulk to have a Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan (SMPEP). The paragraph concludes by summarizing the categorization of NLS as per Marpol Annex II and the specific operational procedures and discharge controls for different categories of substances.
Mindmap
Keywords
đĄData Sheets
đĄPollution Control
đĄMarpol Annex II
đĄNoxious Liquid Substances (NLS)
đĄCategory X, Y, Z
đĄStripping Level
đĄPre-wash
đĄDischarge Port Authority
đĄShipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan (SMPEP)
đĄVapor Residues
đĄContamination
Highlights
Reading data sheets on chemicals carried is crucial for emergency preparedness.
Pollution Control extends beyond emergencies to include operational procedures like tank cleaning.
Bulk liquid cargos other than petroleum are termed Noxious Liquid Substances (NLS).
Ship's Certificate of Fitness lists NLS categories based on potential environmental harm.
Dichlorobenzene, a toxic cargo, is categorized as Category X due to its severe hazard.
Sulfuric acid, a corrosive cargo, is categorized as Category Y for lesser pollution hazard.
Isobutyl alcohol, a flammable cargo, is categorized as Category Z for lower pollution hazard.
Butyl acrylate, a reactive cargo, has a pollution category of Y.
Pollution often results from human error or mechanical failure, such as leaks and overflows.
Regular inspection and maintenance of hoses and connections are essential to prevent spillage.
Toxic spills can poison air, sea, and humans, necessitating immediate action.
Corrosive substances can harm humans and the environment upon contact.
Flammable substances can form explosive vapors, requiring careful handling during spills.
Immediate reporting of any spillage or overflow to the officer of the watch is mandatory.
Emergency stops for cargo pumps are located throughout the ship for quick response.
Category X substances require pre-washing and cannot have residues enter the sea.
Pre-washing of tanks and proper disposal of residues are regulated by the company's procedures.
Category Y and Z substances have controlled discharge procedures to minimize environmental impact.
An approved plan for tank cleaning after discharge is essential and must follow Marpol regulations.
Marpol Annex II provides specific requirements for the operational procedures of NLS cargos.
Discharge of washings at sea from tanks containing NLS must follow strict Marpol guidelines.
In the Antarctic, any discharge of NLS or mixtures containing such substances is prohibited.
Ships must have a Shipboard Marine Pollution Emergency Plan (SMPEP) for handling pollution incidents.
Annex II of Marpol categorizes NLS into X, Y, and Z based on the severity of their pollution potential.
Transcripts
we established in part one that it is
most important to read the data sheets
on the chemicals being carried on board
they provide all the information needed
in the case of an emergency
for example when the cargo escapes from
its controlled containment
but Pollution Control is not confined
only to emergencies
Marple Annex II sets out measures to
control pollution arising from
accidental discharges and from
operational procedures such as tank
cleaning
bulk liquid cargos other than petroleum
are known as noxious liquid substances
or nls's
the ship's Certificate of Fitness lists
the nls's which she is certified to
carry
these substances are categorized in
Annex II of marpol under category X Y or
Z
depending on the degree of harm they may
represent the environment
category X being the most severe
substances which fall outside categories
X Y or Z are categorized as other
substances or os's
in part one we established that the ship
is carrying a toxic cargo
dichlorobenzene
a corrosive cargo sulfuric acid
A flammable cargo isobutyl alcohol and a
reactive cargo butyl acrylate with
inhibitor to prevent it from reacting
with itself and solidifying
the toxic cargo is listed as category X
because it represents a major Hazard to
Marine Resources or human life and is
considered to be a high pollutant
from the point of view of pollution the
corrosive cargo is listed as category y
this is considered a lesser pollutant
than the toxic cargo
but has to be stowed in tanks that can
achieve the same stripping level as a
category X substance
this cargo isobutyl alcohol is dangerous
as it's flammable
but with regard to pollution it is
categorized as Z because its pollution
Hazard is lower
in older ships built before 2007
less stringent stripping requirements
apply than for category X and Y
substances
in the case of newer ships all tanks and
all cargos are stripped to the same 75
liters
the final cargo butyl acrylate has a
pollution category of Y
typical sources of pollution arise from
human error or mechanical failure such
as leaks spillage and overflow when
blowing lines
ignoring level alarms including high and
high high level alarms
and not following the rules during
discharging of cargo residues after tank
washing
effective hoses and connections can also
lead to dangerous spillage they should
be regularly inspected and if a fault is
discovered they should be taken out of
service immediately
a frequent cause of Hose failure is the
inadequate monitoring of Moorings
hoses can be strained or broken leading
to Serious spillage if the lines are not
correctly tensioned
if the spillage were to involve a toxic
substance it could poison the air the
sea and anybody nearby who may have
breathed in the vapor or touched the
liquid
corrosive substances will harm most
things they touch including humans
if the spillage involves flammable
substances
they can form explosive Vapors
foreign
spillage or overflow must be reported to
the officer of the watch immediately
if discharging the cargo pumps can be
stopped by using the emergency stops
these are located in the cargo control
room and at the manifold and Elsewhere
on Deck so discharge can be stopped
instantly before notifying the officer
of the watch
The Jetty must be notified immediately
vowels must not be closed on board
against the flow of cargo being loaded
category X substances are considered to
be such severe pollutants that no
residue is permitted to enter the sea
tanks which have carried such a cargo
must be pre-washed after discharged to
assure reception facility in accordance
with the company's procedures and
arrangements or p and a manual
foreign
tanks that held high viscosity or
solidifying substances in category Y and
were not discharged at the higher
temperature to ensure that the viscosity
is low enough must be subject to a
pre-wash procedure with the residue
water mixture discharged to a reception
facility
the same procedure applies where the
discharge temperature was not at least
10 degrees above melting point
a pre-wash is also required if the
discharge was not carried out in
accordance with the p and a manual
it is essential that the cleaning of
Tanks after discharge of cargo follows
an approved plan
this plan must be drawn up in accordance
with Marple regulations
when pre-washing is required the
discharge Port Authority will provide a
Marple control surveyor who will
supervise and ensure that the tank
cleaning processes are done in
accordance with regulations
an early request for a Marple control
surveyor to attend the ship must be made
in all cases where category X substances
are to be discharged
or where exemptions are sought
or where there is any reason why
specified unloading procedures cannot be
followed
following the completion of the required
pre-washes the control surveyor will
check that the cargo record book is
being kept up to date
and will endorse the entries relating to
the operations he or she has supervised
tanks which have held category y or Z
substances can be stripped by an
efficient stripping system and must be
thoroughly drained so that only very
small quantities of cargo below the
permitted limit remain on board
the tanks can then be washed at Sea as
prescribed
The Vapor residues can be disposed of
through ventilation
provided this can be done safely
when the ship leaves port and after any
pre-washing most of her tanks will
require further washing to prevent the
contamination of the next cargo
there are a number of restrictions which
apply to the discharge of the washing
medium
Annex 2 of marpol is particularly
concerned with the discharge to see of
water which is contaminated by chemical
cargo residue
in all cases the requirements must be
checked prior to discharging at sea
whilst discharging Washings at Sea from
tanks which have contained category X Y
or Z cargos the ship must proceed at an
appropriate speed at least seven knots
so that the discharge is spread over a
wide area
the ship must be at least 12 miles from
land and in at least 25 meters depth of
water
yeah this is Bridge we are ready
okay then it is confirmed that uh we are
more than probably from land and the
depth of water is uh 30 meters thank you
the discharge must be from below the
water line and the rate should ensure
and equip mixing in the ship's wake
in the Antarctic that is the sea area
below latitude 60 degrees south
any discharge into the sea of NLS or
mixtures containing such substances are
prohibited
prevention of pollution in an emergency
centers around the Escape of NLS cargo
from safe containment
each cargo will have specific
requirements and procedures to be
applied in an emergency these must be
strictly followed as the response action
will vary depending on the nature of the
cargo and the volume of spill
where appropriate and safe to do so some
spills can be soaked up with absorbent
materials and disposed of in accordance
with regulations but with cargos such as
corrosives the safest option may be to
wash down the affected areas with large
volumes of water
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in all cases any spill or pollution
incident taking place whilst at Sea must
be reported to the relevant Coastal
authorities
for this reason
ship of 150 gross tons and above which
is certified to carry NLS in bulk must
have on board a shipboard marine
pollution emergency plan smpep
as a minimum this must include the
procedure to be followed when reporting
a pollution incident as required in
article 8 and protocol 1 of mapo the
list of authorities or persons to be
contacted
a detailed description of the action to
be taken to reduce or control the
discharge and the procedures and point
of contact on the ship for coordinating
shipboard action with national and local
authorities in combating the pollution
in summary whilst the categories of
substances can be found in the IBC code
chapter 17 and 18. it is annexed 2 of
marpor that categorizes the nls's as
categories X Y and Z
in accordance with the severity of their
pollution potential
Annex 2 also contains specific
requirements for these cargos regarding
the operational procedures relating to
them
the residues of category X substances
must not be discharged at sea
they must be pre-washed and the effluent
must be discharged into shore-based
facilities provided for this purpose
category Y and Z substances are
considered less severely polluting
but their discharge is still controlled
by Annex II
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