GEOLOGIC PROCESSES THAT OCCUR ALONG CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES | SCIENCE 10 - Week 5
Summary
TLDRThis educational video delves into the geological processes at convergent plate boundaries, where plates move towards each other. It explains three types of convergence: oceanic-continental, oceanic-oceanic, and continental-continental. Oceanic-continental convergence leads to subduction, forming volcanic arcs and ocean trenches. Oceanic-oceanic convergence results in island arcs and trenches, with potential tsunamis. Continental-continental convergence creates mountain ranges like the Himalayas, without subduction. The video is a comprehensive guide to the dynamic forces shaping our planet's surface.
Takeaways
- 🌏 There are three types of plate boundaries: convergent, divergent, and transform fold boundaries.
- 🔥 Convergent plate boundaries occur when plates move towards each other, resulting in three subtypes: oceanic-continental, oceanic-oceanic, and continental-continental convergence.
- 🌋 Oceanic-continental convergence involves a denser oceanic plate subducting beneath a less dense continental plate, leading to volcanic activity and the formation of a volcanic arc.
- 🌊 Ocean trenches, the deepest parts of the ocean, are formed by the subduction of oceanic plates, often associated with intense earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
- 🌄 Volcanic arcs are chains of volcanoes that form near the edge of a continental leading plate due to the subduction process.
- 🌎 Oceanic-oceanic convergence results in the formation of island arcs, which are lines of volcanoes that form on the upper oceanic plate parallel to the trench.
- 🌊 Tsunamis can be generated by underwater earthquakes that occur in oceanic-oceanic convergence zones, particularly when strong earthquakes cause large-scale ocean disturbances.
- ⛰ Continental-continental convergence leads to the formation of mountain ranges as the crust is pushed upward due to the inability of continental plates to subduct.
- 🏔 The Himalayan mountain range, including Mount Everest, is a result of continental-continental convergence, showcasing the immense geological forces involved.
- 🌳 The Philippine archipelago is an example of a region formed by multiple incidents of subduction, creating a complex system of island arcs and highland sections.
Q & A
What are the three types of plate boundaries discussed in the video?
-The three types of plate boundaries discussed in the video are convergent, divergent, and transform fold boundaries.
What is a convergent plate boundary?
-A convergent plate boundary is a type of plate boundary that occurs when plates move towards each other and collide.
What are the three types of convergent plate boundaries mentioned in the video?
-The three types of convergent plate boundaries mentioned are oceanic-continental convergence, oceanic-oceanic convergence, and continental-continental convergence.
What happens when an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate?
-When an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate, the denser oceanic plate undergoes subduction, leading to volcanic activity and the formation of a volcanic arc.
What is subduction and how does it relate to the formation of volcanoes?
-Subduction is the process where one tectonic plate moves under another into the Earth's mantle. It leads to the formation of volcanoes as the subducted plate melts, forming magma that rises and can cause volcanic eruptions.
What is an ocean trench and how is it formed?
-An ocean trench is a long, narrow depression on the seafloor created by the subducting oceanic plate. It is formed as a result of the subduction process during oceanic-continental convergence.
Why are most earthquake epicenters found along the boundaries of lithospheric plates?
-Most earthquake epicenters are found along the boundaries of lithospheric plates because the continuous grinding of plates against each other in subduction zones leads to the occurrence of earthquakes.
What is an island arc and how does it form?
-An island arc is a chain of volcanoes positioned in an arc shape, formed by the subduction of one oceanic plate beneath another, leading to volcanic activity on the upper plate.
How do converging oceanic plates contribute to the formation of the Philippine archipelago?
-The Philippine archipelago is formed by several incidents of subduction, resulting in the formation of island arcs. These island arcs are collectively called the Philippine island arc system.
What is the result of converging two continental plates?
-When two continental plates converge, a collision zone is formed, leading to the formation of mountain ranges. This process does not involve subduction, so no trenches, volcanoes, or island arcs are formed.
Which famous mountain range is a result of continental-continental convergence?
-The Himalayan mountain range, which includes the highest mountain in the world, Mount Everest, is a result of continental-continental convergence.
Outlines
🌋 Convergent Plate Boundaries: Oceanic and Continental
This paragraph focuses on the geological processes that occur at convergent plate boundaries, specifically where oceanic and continental plates meet. When a denser oceanic plate collides with a less dense continental plate, subduction occurs. This is a process where the oceanic crust bends towards the Earth's mantle due to the difference in density. As the subducted crust is subjected to the heat of the mantle, it melts to form magma, which then rises and can lead to volcanic activity on the continental plate, resulting in the formation of a volcanic arc. Additionally, ocean trenches are formed as a result of the subducting oceanic plate, creating the deepest parts of the ocean. These subduction zones are characterized by intense seismic and volcanic activity, with earthquakes being a direct result of the grinding of plates against each other.
🌊 Oceanic-Oceanic Convergence and Tsunamis
The second paragraph delves into the processes and features formed when two oceanic plates converge. In such cases, the heavier oceanic plate subducts beneath the other, leading to the formation of a subduction zone. Similar to oceanic-continental convergence, the subducted material melts to form magma, which rises and forms volcanoes, creating an island arc on the upper plate. These island arcs are chains of volcanoes that form in an arc shape. The subduction process also leads to the formation of ocean trenches, which are sources of earthquakes. Notably, strong underwater earthquakes in these areas can generate tsunamis, which are long-wavelength ocean waves caused by large-scale disturbances. The Philippine archipelago serves as an example of regions formed by oceanic-oceanic convergence, with its many island arcs resulting from subduction events.
🏔 Continental-Continental Convergence and Mountain Formation
The final paragraph discusses the geological outcomes of two continental plates converging. Unlike the previous scenarios, where subduction is possible, continental plates cannot be subducted due to their similar densities. Instead, the collision results in a collision zone where the crust is pushed upward, forming mountain ranges. This type of convergence does not lead to the formation of trenches, volcanoes, or island arcs, as subduction does not occur. Instead, it results in the creation of some of the world's greatest mountain ranges, such as the Himalayas, home to the highest peak, Mount Everest. The paragraph concludes by summarizing that in continental-continental convergence, the primary geological feature formed is a mountain range.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Convergent Plate Boundary
💡Subduction
💡Volcanic Arc
💡Ocean Trench
💡Subduction Zone
💡Island Arc
💡Continental-Continental Convergence
💡Mountain Range
💡Tsunami
💡Geologic Features
Highlights
Convergent plate boundaries occur when plates move towards each other.
There are three types of convergent plate boundaries: oceanic-continental, oceanic-oceanic, and continental-continental.
Oceanic-continental convergence involves a denser oceanic plate colliding with a less dense continental plate.
Subduction is the process where the oceanic crust bends towards the Earth's mantle during oceanic-continental convergence.
Magma forms as the subducted oceanic crust melts due to the heat of the mantle.
Volcanic arcs are created when magma rises and causes volcanic activity on the continental plate.
Ocean trenches are long, narrow depressions on the seafloor formed by subducting oceanic plates.
Subduction zones are regions of intense earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
Earthquakes in subduction zones are due to the grinding of plates against each other.
Oceanic-oceanic convergence occurs when two oceanic plates collide.
Island arcs are chains of volcanoes formed on the upper oceanic plate during oceanic-oceanic convergence.
Tsunamis can be generated by underwater earthquakes caused by oceanic-oceanic convergence.
The Philippine archipelago is composed of many island arcs formed by subduction.
Continental-continental convergence happens when two continental plates collide, forming mountain ranges.
The Himalayan Mountains, including Mount Everest, were formed by the convergence of two continental plates.
No subduction, volcanoes, ocean trenches, or island arcs are formed during continental-continental convergence.
Mountain ranges are the primary geological feature resulting from continental-continental convergence.
Transcripts
hello great then
welcome in this video let's talk about
the processes that will core in the
different types of converging plate
boundaries
[Music]
our discussion will focus on the
learning competency
explain the different processes that
occur along the plate boundaries
previously you learned that there are
three types of plate boundaries produced
when plate tectonics occur
these are convergent divergent and the
transform fold boundary
today's lesson will focus on one and
that is convergent plate boundary
which happens when cross come together
or move towards
each other as you can see in the arrows
shown in the illustration
there are three types of convergent
plate boundaries
we have the oceanic continental
convergence ushani koshani convergence
and the continental continental
convergence
[Music]
now let's start with lesson one
converging oceanic and continental
plates
this type of convergent plate boundary
happens when a denser oceanic plate
collide with a less dense continental
plate
now what are the geologic processes and
features
formed by converging oceanic plate and
continental plate
when collision happens the denser
oceanic crust
undergoes what we call subduction
process
subduction refers to the bending of the
crust towards the mantle of the earth
since the mantle is hotter than the
crust the tendency is
the subducted grass melt forming magma
a molten material found beneath the
surface of the earth
the magma become less dense allowing it
to rise and reach the crust
and causing volcanic activities on the
continental leading plate
this event gives rise to the formation
of a volcanic ark
this is why most surface volcanoes are
found near the edge of a continental
leading plate
and this is also the reason why most of
the active volcanoes in the world are
located
along the plate boundaries another
geologic features
formed by subduction process are the
ocean trenches
ocean trench is a long narrow
depressions on the seafloor created by
the subducting oceanic plates
ocean trenches occupy the deepest layer
of the ocean like the philippine trench
and the marianas trench
this entire region is known as a
subduction zone
subduction zones have a lot of intense
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
the continuous grinding of plates
against each other in the subduction
zone leads to the occurrence of
earthquakes
earthquakes produced in the subduction
zone is the reason why most earthquake
epicenters
are found along the boundaries of the
lithospheric plates
to sum it up subduction process leads to
the formation of the following geologic
features
volcano ocean trench and volcanic ark
the grinding of plates produce
earthquakes
and that's the end of lesson one now
let's discuss
lesson two converging to oceanic plates
this type of convergence happens when an
oceanic crust
collides with another oceanic crust
now what are the geologic processes and
features
formed by converging two oceanic plates
in oceanic oceanic convergence the
heavier oceanic plate subducts beneath
the
other oceanic plates also creating
subduction zone
the features of a subduction zone are
the same with the oceanic continental
subduction zone
the subducted material also melts and
forms magma
and rises towards the surface of the
ocean forming volcanoes
in this case the line of volcanoes that
grows on the upper oceanic plate
parallel to the trench
is called an island arc
a volcanic island arc is a chain of
volcanoes positioned in an
arc shape as you can see in the
illustration
converging oceanic plates will also
cause formation of trenches
and these trenches will become sources
of earthquakes
underwater earthquakes especially the
stronger ones can generate tsunamis
a japanese term for harbor wave this is
a series of
ocean waves with a very long wavelengths
caused by the large scale disturbances
of the ocean some parts of the
philippines originate from oceanic
oceanic convergence
the territory of the philippines is
composed of many
island arcs formed by several incidents
of subduction
the island arcs are collectively called
philippine island arc system
majority of the islands in the
philippine archipelago are considered as
part of the philippine mobile belt
these islands were formed 65 million
years ago at the southern edge of the
philippine sea plate
other parts of the philippines such as
palawan mendoro and the zamboanga
peninsula
are all highland sections of the
sunderland block of the eurasian plate
the philippine mobile belt eventually
collided with the sunderland block
which explains the presence of trenches
coming up our lesson oceanic oceanic
convergence
also creates subduction process which
leads to the formation of the following
geologic features
volcano ocean trench and volcanic island
arc
the grinding of plates produce
earthquakes which can cause tsunamis
now let's proceed with lesson three
converging two continental plates
this type of convergence happens when a
continental plate collides with another
continental plate
what are the geologic processes and
features formed by converging two
continental plates
when two continental plates converge a
collision zone is
formed since abduction
is impossible between two colliding
continental plates
pressure is released by pushing the
crust upward
forming mountains
since abduction ceases for this
particular type of convergence
no trench no volcano no island arts are
formed
what is created is a large group of tall
mountains
called mountain ranges
the convergence of two continental
plates leads to the formation of the
greatest mountain ranges
in the world including the himalayan
mountains
where the highest mountain the mount
everest is
[Music]
located
[Music]
therefore mounting ranges in the world
are products of converging
two continental plates
to sum it up in continental continental
convergence
no subduction process takes place
therefore
no volcano no ocean trench and no island
arcs are
formed what is created is a mountain
range
and that ends our lesson congratulations
thank you for watching
you
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