Muscles of the Hip Joint - Rump Muscles in the Dog

Summary

This video provides a detailed anatomical exploration of the dog’s hip joint muscles from a lateral perspective. Dr. Aan systematically dissects and explains the tensor fasciae latae, superficial, middle, and deep gluteal muscles, as well as the piriformis. The presentation highlights each muscle’s origin, insertion, innervation, and function—especially their roles in hip flexion, extension, and limb elevation. Through clear visuals and step-by-step dissections, the video helps viewers understand the structural relationships and functional significance of major hind-limb muscles in veterinary anatomy.

Takeaways

• 🐶 The video focuses on dissecting and explaining the major muscles of the canine hip joint (hind limb).
• 📍 The tensor fasciae latae muscle is triangular, originates from the coxal tuberosity, and inserts into both superficial and deep layers of the fascia lata.
• ⚡ The tensor fasciae latae is innervated by the cranial gluteal nerve and functions primarily to flex the hip joint.
• 🟣 Three main gluteal muscles are discussed: superficial, middle, and deep gluteal muscles.
• 🟦 The superficial gluteal muscle originates from the sacrum and gluteal fascia, inserts on the greater trochanter, and helps extend the hip and elevate the hind limb.
• 🟩 The middle gluteal muscle is a large muscle originating from the wing of the ilium and iliac crest, inserting on the greater trochanter, and serving as a powerful hip extensor.
• 🧠 The middle gluteal muscle is also innervated by the cranial gluteal nerve and must be dissected to expose the deeper muscles.
• 🔵 The deep gluteal muscle lies beneath the middle gluteal muscle, originates from the body (shaft) of the ilium, and inserts on the greater trochanter.
• 💪 The deep gluteal muscle functions to extend the hip joint and elevate the hind limb, also innervated by the cranial gluteal nerve.
• 🟠 The piriformis (referred to as the 'berous' or 'parous' muscle in the transcript) originates from the last sacral vertebra and sacrotuberous ligament, inserting on the greater trochanter, assisting in hip extension and limb elevation.
• 🎯 Many of the hip muscles share the same insertion (greater trochanter) and similar functions—primarily hip extension and hind limb elevation.
• 🔍 Dissection steps show how the superficial and middle gluteal muscles must be reflected to visualize the deeper gluteal and piriformis muscles.

Q & A

What is the first muscle discussed in the video, and what is its function?

The first muscle discussed is the Tensor Muscle of the Fascia Lata (TFL). Its primary function is to flex the hip joint.

Where does the Tensor Muscle of the Fascia Lata originate from?

The Tensor Muscle of the Fascia Lata originates from the coxal tuberosity of the ilium.

What is the insertion point for the Tensor Muscle of the Fascia Lata?

The Tensor Muscle of the Fascia Lata inserts into the fascia lata, a connective tissue in the thigh.

Which nerve innervates the Tensor Muscle of the Fascia Lata?

The Tensor Muscle of the Fascia Lata is innervated by the cranial gluteal nerve.

What is the function of the Superficial Gluteal Muscle?

The Superficial Gluteal Muscle functions to extend the hip joint and elevate the hind limb.

What is the origin of the Superficial Gluteal Muscle?

The Superficial Gluteal Muscle originates from the sacrum and the gluteal fascia.

What is the insertion point of the Superficial Gluteal Muscle?

The Superficial Gluteal Muscle inserts into the greater trochanter of the femur.

Which nerve innervates the Superficial Gluteal Muscle?

The Superficial Gluteal Muscle is innervated by the caudal gluteal nerve.

Where does the Middle Gluteal Muscle originate from?

The Middle Gluteal Muscle originates from the wing of the ilium and the gluteal fossa.

What is the function of the Middle Gluteal Muscle?

The Middle Gluteal Muscle functions to extend the hip joint.

How does the Deep Gluteal Muscle compare to the other gluteal muscles?

The Deep Gluteal Muscle is located deep beneath the Middle Gluteal Muscle and shares a similar function of extending the hip joint.

What is the origin of the Deep Gluteal Muscle?

The Deep Gluteal Muscle originates from the iliac shaft.

Which nerve innervates the Deep Gluteal Muscle?

The Deep Gluteal Muscle is innervated by the cranial gluteal nerve.

What is the function of the Biceps Femoris (Periformis) Muscle?

The Biceps Femoris (Periformis) Muscle extends the hip joint and elevates the hind limb.

Where does the Biceps Femoris (Periformis) Muscle originate from?

The Biceps Femoris (Periformis) Muscle originates from the last sacral vertebra and the sacrotuberous ligament.

What is the insertion point for the Biceps Femoris (Periformis) Muscle?

The Biceps Femoris (Periformis) Muscle inserts into the greater trochanter of the femur.