How Culture Drives Behaviours | Julien S. Bourrelle | TEDxTrondheim
Summary
TLDREl orador comparte su experiencia como noruego y cómo la interacción social varía según las culturas. Expone que la adaptación a nuevas culturas implica confrontar, quejarse o conformarse, y que la conformidad permite beneficiarse de la diversidad. Relata anedotas sobre malentendidos culturales y enfatiza la importancia de cambiar nuestras 'gafas culturales' para mejorar la comunicación y la percepción de las diferencias. Aborda la importancia de la diversidad en la toma de decisiones y cómo la cultura afecta nuestra comprensión de la amistad y el espacio personal, proponiendo la necesidad de comprender y adaptarse a estas diferencias para aprovechar al máximo la diversidad.
Takeaways
- 🗣️ La interacción social en Noruega es más estructurada y organizada en comparación con otras culturas donde es más común hablar con extraños.
- 🧠 La vivencia en un país diferente puede reprogramar nuestra mentalidad, adaptándonos a las costumbres y normas sociales locales.
- 🌐 Al mudarse a un nuevo país, se pueden enfrentar a la cultura de tres maneras: confrontación, queja o conformidad, siendo esta última la más beneficiosa para aprovechar la diversidad.
- 🤝 La interpretación de las emociones y la retroalimentación en la comunicación varía según la cultura, lo que puede llevar a malentendidos si no se comprende la diferencia.
- 👓 Nosotros todos vemos el mundo a través de 'gafas culturales', las cuales moldean nuestra percepción y realidad.
- 🏛️ La diversidad cultural en los consejos de administración mejora el rendimiento en un 35%, incrementando la capacidad de resolución de problemas, creatividad e innovación.
- 👥 La comunicación efectiva en equipos multiculturales es un desafío, pero también una oportunidad para aprovechar las diferencias y fortalecer la colaboración.
- 🎨 El proyecto del orador, que utiliza dibujos humorísticos, ha conectado con más de un millón de personas, ayudando a comprender y unir culturas diferentes.
- 🌍 La educación y la crianza varían en el mundo, promoviendo la interdependencia en algunas culturas y la independencia en otras, lo que afecta las expectativas en las relaciones personales.
- 🤔 La falta de entendimiento de las diferencias culturales en la amistad y el amor puede llevar a la percepción errónea de rechazo o aislamiento social.
- 🚶 La proximidad física y el espacio personal son interpretados de manera diferente en cada cultura, y la falta de conciencia sobre esto puede causar incomodidad en las interacciones.
- 🌀 La cortesía es un concepto culturalmente relacionado, y su comprensión es crucial para adaptarse y comunicarse eficazmente en una cultura extranjera.
Q & A
¿Qué sucedió cuando el narrador estaba sentado en La Grand-Place en Bruselas?
-Un hombre se sentó al lado del narrador y comenzó a hablar con él, lo que inicialmente sorprendió al narrador hasta que se dio cuenta de que estaba adoptando comportamientos noruegos.
¿Cómo describe el narrador la socialización en Noruega?
-El narrador dice que en Noruega, la socialización ocurre de una manera más enmarcada y organizada, y que no esperaba que un extraño se acercara a conversar con él.
¿De qué manera el narrador sugiere que uno puede relacionarse con una cultura diferente?
-El narrador menciona tres maneras de relacionarse con la cultura: confrontar, quejarse o conformarse, y explica que conformarse permite beneficiarse de la diversidad.
¿Qué le sucedió al narrador en la visita a la región de Cataluña en España?
-La guía de la visita interpretó mal la falta de retroalimentación emocional de su amigo noruego, creyendo que no estaba interesado, debido a las diferencias culturales en la expresión facial.
¿Qué es lo que el narrador llama 'lentes culturales' y cómo afectan la percepción?
-Los 'lentes culturales' son la forma en que el cerebro percibe el mundo basado en las normas y expectativas culturales, lo que puede cambiar la forma en que se ven los comportamientos y las diferencias culturales.
¿Qué le sucedió al narrador cuando intentó inscribirse en un curso de liderazgo para mujeres en una universidad en Europa del Norte?
-El asesor de igualdad de género le informó que, como hombre, no podía asistir al curso, lo que fue la primera vez que fue negado la educación por su género.
¿Qué es la 'igualdad de resultados' y cómo se relaciona con la historia del narrador?
-La 'igualdad de resultados' es un esfuerzo para equilibrar la sociedad asegurando que todos tengan el mismo resultado final, como en el caso de la universidad que ofrecía capacitación de liderazgo solo para mujeres para acelerar su ascenso a posiciones de profesorado.
¿Cómo demuestra el narrador la importancia de la diversidad cultural en el rendimiento de grupos?
-El narrador menciona estudios que muestran que las juntas directivas compuestas por géneros y culturas diversos tienen un rendimiento mejor, incrementando la capacidad de resolución de problemas, creatividad e innovación.
¿Qué proyecto inició el narrador para conectar culturas y por qué?
-El narrador y su amigo crearon un proyecto con dibujos y una página web para conectar culturas de manera humorística, especialmente en Noruega, para ayudar a la gente a entender y apreciar las diferencias culturales.
¿Cómo describe el narrador la diferencia en la percepción del espacio personal en diferentes culturas?
-El narrador explica que en algunas culturas se espera un mayor espacio personal, lo que puede llevar a malentendidos si no se comprende, como cuando alguien se sienta en un banco lleno en Noruega y otro pasa a jugar con su teléfono para hacer espacio.
¿Qué es lo que el narrador sugiere hacer para beneficiarse de la diversidad?
-El narrador sugiere que para beneficiarse de la diversidad, es necesario cambiar los 'lentes culturales' y tomar pequeños pasos para entender y apreciar las diferencias culturales.
Outlines
😀 Adaptación cultural y la importancia de la conformidad
El orador comparte una experiencia personal en Bruselas donde un hombre desconocido inicia una conversación, lo que le hace darse cuenta de que ha internalizado el comportamiento noruego de no interactuar con extraños. Expone que la socialización en Noruega es más estructurada y organizada, y compara esto con su experiencia en el franco-canadiense. Describe tres formas de relacionarse con una nueva cultura: confrontación, queja o conformidad, y argumenta que la conformidad permite beneficiarse de la diversidad, lo que implica observar, aprender y adaptarse a las costumbres locales. Relata otro incidente en Cataluña que demuestra cómo las expectativas culturales pueden afectar la comunicación y la percepción de interés. El orador enfatiza la importancia de cambiar nuestras 'gafas culturales' para mejorar la percepción de las diferencias culturales y beneficiarnos de la diversidad.
🌐 Diversidad cultural y su impacto en el liderazgo y la sociedad
El orador discute la importancia de la diversidad cultural en el liderazgo y la toma de decisiones, citando estudios que muestran que los consejos con miembros de ambos géneros tienen un rendimiento un 15% superior y aquellos con miembros de diferentes culturas mejoran un 35% en habilidades de resolución de problemas y creatividad. Comparte su experiencia al ser excluido de un curso de liderazgo para mujeres por ser hombre, lo que él considera una forma de igualdad de resultados y no de oportunidades. Destaca que la diversidad cultural es fundamental para mejorar la comunicación y la innovación, y presenta un proyecto que utiliza dibujos humorísticos para conectar culturas y explicar diferencias culturales, lo que ha alcanzado a un millón de personas. El orador también explora cómo las diferencias en la independencia y la interdependencia cultural afectan las expectativas de amistad y la percepción de rechazo social.
👥 Comunicación intercultural y la distinción de la cortesía
El orador ilustra cómo las diferencias culturales en la proximidad física y la cortesía pueden llevar a malentendidos y la necesidad de adaptarse a las normas de la cultura anfitriona. Describe una situación en una parada de autobús donde la distancia personal es interpretada de manera diferente según la cultura, y cómo esto puede ser un reflejo de la interdependencia o independencia cultural. Expone que la cortesía es un concepto culturalmente relacionado que puede variar en su rigurosidad y su aplicación, y que la falta de conocimiento sobre estas normas puede causar problemas en la interacción social. El orador enfatiza la importancia de comprender y cambiar nuestras 'gafas culturales' para percibir correctamente las interacciones y beneficiarnos de la diversidad, tomando pequeños pasos para avanzar hacia una mayor comprensión y apreciación de las diferencias culturales.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Cultural diversity
💡Conformidad
💡Comunicación intercultural
💡Lentes culturales
💡Amistad
💡Espacio personal
💡Política de igualdad
💡Liderazgo
💡Comportamiento social
💡Diversidad en el lugar de trabajo
Highlights
The experience of becoming accustomed to Norwegian social norms after living there for five years.
The contrast between the social behaviors in Norway and the French-speaking part of Canada.
Three ways to relate to a new culture: confront, complain, or conform.
The importance of observing, learning, and adapting to the behaviors of the society you're in.
Cultural misunderstandings in communication, illustrated by an anecdote in Catalonia.
The concept of 'cultural glasses' and how they shape our perception of reality.
The personal experience of being denied education based on gender in a leadership class.
The explanation of 'equality of results' versus 'equality of opportunity' in a university setting.
The benefits of gender and cultural diversity in performance and problem-solving.
The challenge of effective communication in diverse groups and the role of cultural understanding.
The creation of a project to connect people of different cultures through humoristic drawings.
The impact of cultural upbringing on the concept of interdependence and independence.
Differences in expectations of friendship and the cultural interpretation of social behaviors.
The misunderstanding of personal space and its cultural variations.
The concept of politeness and its cultural variations in communication.
The importance of changing cultural perspectives to benefit from diversity.
The speaker's initiative to educate and connect through cultural understanding.
The conclusion emphasizing the need for small steps towards benefiting from diversity.
Transcripts
Transcriber: Tijana Mihajlović Reviewer: Ilze Garda
I was in Brussels.
I was sitting on La Grand-Place,
which is a beautiful square in the center of the town.
Suddenly, a man came and sat next to me, and started talking to me,
so I turned to him and I answered.
Then I turned back and I asked myself, "Why is he talking to me?"
Suddenly, I realized, "Julian, you're becoming Norwegian."
(Laughter)
So I turned to the man and I said,
"Sorry, I live in a country where people don't speak to each other."
The thing is, in Norway, it is not that people don't speak to each other;
it's that socialization takes part
in a much more framed and organized manner.
I was not expecting this man as a stranger to come and talk to me.
However, this is surprising,
because I come from the French-speaking part of Canada
where that type of behavior is totally normal.
However, my mental programming has changed.
My brain has been rewired,
because during the last five years
I've lived in a tiny little country in the north of Europe
which is called Norway.
When you move to a different country,
there are three ways that you can relate to the culture:
you can confront, complain, or conform.
When you confront,
you believe that your behaviors are the right behaviors.
When you complain, what happens is that you will isolate yourself
into social bubbles of foreigners living in segregation with the society.
When you adapt your way to behave, when you conform to the whole society,
then you can truly benefit from diversity.
But that implies
that you are observing, learning, understanding the behaviors of others,
and adapting your own,
so that it fits with the behaviors of the society you're in.
I was in the north-east of Spain, in a beautiful region of Catalonia,
and I was there with a very good friend of mine.
He is two-meters tall, blond hair, and blue eyes.
We were visiting the beautiful region
where they're making the cava, the Spanish sparkling wine.
After the guided tour,
we asked some more questions to the very charming guide that was there,
and she was explaining us with passion about what she was doing,
and then suddenly she stopped.
She took a step aside, she took my friend, and she shook him.
And then she looked at me and said,
"Why is he not interested in what I'm saying?"
Because she was not getting the emotional feedback she was used to.
(Laughter)
She was seeing his emotional feedback
through her own cultural glasses,
meaning that she was interpreting the fact that he had a neutral face
on what it would mean if someone from her culture would have that face,
and that would mean
that the person was not interested or didn't want to be there.
And we all see the world through cultural glasses.
The lens through which your brain sees the world shapes your reality.
If you can change the lens,
not only can you change the way your brain perceives behaviors,
but you can change the way people relate to cultural differences.
Embedded within that statement is the key to benefiting from diversity.
Three years ago,
I was sitting on the board of directors of one major university in Northern Europe
and I was representing 2,000 academic staff,
and I wanted to become a better leader.
So I've looked around the whole university
for a leadership class that would be suited to my position,
and I found one, and I was thrilled,
because not only would I learn about leadership,
but because I would also learn about how women lead,
because the class was called "Leadership for women".
(Laughter)
And so, as naive as I was, I've registered for the class.
The next morning,
the gender equality adviser of the university calls me and says,
"Julian, this is leadership for women. You're a man. You cannot attend."
It was the first time in my life
that I was denied education based on my gender.
(Laughter)
This is my cultural perspective about what happened there.
However, why is the university doing this?
Because the government had been putting in place a scheme
that allowed the university to take candidates in full academic position
before someone that has higher academic training
if the candidates can document leadership training.
By offering leadership training only to women,
the university was fast forwarding
the track of women into full professorship position
at a place where less than 20% of women had professorship.
I call this equality of result.
Not equality of opportunity; equality of results.
I did not have the same opportunity to flourish to my full potential,
but the result is that we have a balance in society.
We enforce diversity, and there is a good reason to do this.
Studies show that boards composed of both genders
will perform 15% better then boards that are composed of mainly one gender.
But studies also show that boards that are composed of different cultures
will perform 35% better than boards that are composed of only one culture.
Cultural diversity increases problem-solving ability.
It increases creativity and innovation.
The real challenge here
is to make people being able to communicate well together.
And this you do through explaining cultural differences.
Two years ago, I was sitting in my living room.
I was sitting there with a friend
and we started to draw typical cultural situations.
Then we made a Facebook page,
and then we made a free website,
and then I started to lecture all around the country.
I'm happy to say we've just crossed one million people
that have seen these drawings to help to connect culture.
And the idea behind that project is to create a simple, humoristic way
in connecting people of different cultures,
especially in Norway.
You know that most people around the world are raised with the idea
that they will need to contribute to a group,
that they will be part of a group and interdependent on their members.
And it affects the way people behave.
Other parts of the world, especially the Western world,
we raise our children to be independent and to be self-sufficient,
and we create certain independence in society,
and it changes behaviors.
You see the difference?
This basic principle tells a lot
about how you're going to expect a friendship to look like.
In certain societies where the group prevails,
the friendship will be much stronger,
in terms that people will live in symbiosis with each other
and dependent on each other,
and they will be expected to be invited
to every single event that the very good friend will do.
However, in other cultures, friendship will be much more distant.
I've asked a Scandinavian man one day what a good friend was.
You know what he answered?
"It is someone I can sit in silence in a room and feel comfortable."
If you tell this to a South American,
they won't understand what the principle is.
This is about friendship and love,
and contact with people is one of the six basic human needs.
If you're not able to see
how this friendship and love is communicated to you
because you are blinded by your cultural glasses,
you will spend years believing you have no friends.
You will spend years believing that people are rejecting you.
It is about changing these cultural glasses.
This is when you know that a Norwegian bus stop is full
and that you need to stand.
(Laughter)
What happens if you sit in the middle?
It could very well be that one of the two persons
stands up, takes a step aside, starts playing on his phone.
Now, what if you look different? What if you're wearing a religious symbol?
How easy it is to believe that the person has moved away
because you're of a different skin color or of a different religion?
A typical cultural misunderstanding and a very basic of human interactions:
you've came into the personal space
of someone who has a much bigger personal space.
In most cultures in the world, there's place for 4 people on that bench.
Not understanding these very subtle physical differences with people
will actually lead to lot of miscommunication.
If you want to observe it yourself, go to any international conference
and try to observe a South American
that tries to communicate with a North European.
What will happen there
is that the South American will be very eager
and will stand at a distance that's comfortable for him.
The North European will be also very eager,
but stand a little bit further away,
because he's not comfortable that the South American is so close.
If you observe it over time,
you will see that a little dance starts
(Laughter)
and people go around the room,
none of them realizing that they are feeling uncomfortable,
or they both feel uncomfortable, but they don't realize why.
It's just a simple thing of culture
and being able to feel that distance between people,
which is different in every culture.
And that has to do as well with politeness.
Politeness is a concept which is very much culturally related.
It's a group of norms and social codes that everyone obeys to,
so that communication goes well in the society,
and in certain societies it is very strict,
and you have a way to talk, and you have a way to behave.
You change the way - you're changing the words in the sentence.
In other places,
politeness might only mean not to disturb others,
to leave more space, both in friendship and physical space.
And if you move to another country
and no one explains you what politeness means,
how can you expect people -
how can you expect that someone will behave as he's expected to
in a foreign culture?
The key here is to benefit from diversity.
Everyone sees the world through cultural glasses.
It's not about what you see; it's about what you perceive.
It's not about what you see; it's about what you perceive.
And it is by taking small steps
that we will one day help the world to truly benefit from diversity.
Thank you.
(Applause)
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