Indonesia sebagai Negara Kesatuan

Summary

The video discusses Indonesia's status as a unitary state, exploring its history, characteristics, and the debates surrounding its form of government. It contrasts the unitary system with federalism, examining the views of key Indonesian leaders like Soepomo, Hatta, and Soekarno. The video highlights the 1945 Proclamation of Independence, the formation of the Republic, and the brief transition to a federal state before Indonesia returned to a unitary system in 1950. It emphasizes the unity and centralization that define Indonesia’s governance, which is enshrined in the 1945 Constitution.

Takeaways

• 😀 Indonesia is a unitary state with a land area of approximately 1.9 million km², consisting of numerous regions, similar to a large house with many rooms.
• 😀 The debate on whether Indonesia should have separate regional management or a unified central government was discussed by the nation's leaders in 1945.
• 😀 If each region is managed separately, Indonesia would be a federal state (like Malaysia and the USA), but a single set of rules for all regions makes it a unitary state, which Indonesia is today.
• 😀 The characteristics of a unitary state include a single central government, a unified constitution, one head of state and government, and one legislative body representing all citizens.
• 😀 Indonesia is governed by a centralized system with Jakarta as the capital, where all decisions and regulations are coordinated by the central government.
• 😀 The Constitution (UUD NRI 1945) is the supreme law, which governs the country and ensures that all regions follow the same set of rules and regulations.
• 😀 The President of Indonesia is both the head of state and government, representing all Indonesian citizens.
• 😀 Indonesia’s legislature, the Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (MPR), consists of the Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) and Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (DPD), which serve to represent the entire population.
• 😀 Soepomo argued for an integral or unitary state where the people and the government are unified, while some, including Hatta, suggested a federal system could better accommodate Indonesia's diverse cultures and ethnic groups.
• 😀 The founding fathers of Indonesia demonstrated the value of respectful debate, even when opinions differed, particularly on whether the country should be a unitary or federal state.
• 😀 After Indonesia's independence on August 17, 1945, the country briefly adopted a federal system (Republic of Indonesia), but by August 17, 1950, it returned to being a unitary state, which was later reinforced by the 2002 amendment to the 1945 Constitution.

Q & A

What is the size of Indonesia and how is it compared to a house?

Indonesia spans an area of around 1.9 million square kilometers and is described as a very large house with many rooms, representing the diverse regions of the country.

What was the main debate regarding Indonesia's form of government in 1945?

The debate centered around whether Indonesia should be a unitary state, with a single central government and uniform laws, or a federal state, with regions having their own governments and laws.

What is the difference between a unitary state and a federal state?

A unitary state is governed by a central government that enforces the same laws across the entire country, while a federal state allows individual regions or states to have their own governments and laws.

Which countries are examples of a federal system?

Examples of federal countries include Malaysia and the United States, where each region has its own government and laws.

What are some key characteristics of Indonesia as a unitary state?

Indonesia has a single central government, one constitution (the 1945 Constitution), one head of state (the President), and a unified representative body (the MPR, DPR, and DPD).

Who was Soepomo and what was his stance on Indonesia's form of government?

Soepomo was one of the founding fathers of Indonesia who proposed a unitary state, emphasizing unity, cooperation, and the spirit of family among the diverse people of Indonesia.

What were Muhammad Hatta's views on Indonesia's form of government?

Muhammad Hatta advocated for a federal system, believing it would better accommodate Indonesia's diverse ethnicities, cultures, and regions, giving them more autonomy.

How did the Indonesian leaders eventually decide on the form of government?

The majority of Indonesian leaders, including Soekarno and Muhammad Yamin, supported the idea of a unitary state, following discussions and debates. They believed it would ensure the unity of the nation.

What is the significance of Indonesia's Proclamation of Independence on August 17, 1945?

On August 17, 1945, Indonesia declared its independence and established itself as a unitary state. This event marked the beginning of Indonesia’s nation-building process under a central government.

Did Indonesia ever consider a federal system, and what happened afterward?

Yes, Indonesia briefly considered a federal system during the period of 1949-1950, when regions were established as states. However, by 1950, the country reverted to a unitary system, and regions were redefined as provinces.