Sarekat Dagang Islam atau Sarekat Islam | SDI

Summary

The Syarikat Islam (SI) began in 1905 as a trade organization protecting local batik merchants from foreign competition. Under the leadership of Haji Samanudi and H.O.S. Cokroaminoto, SI evolved into a political movement advocating for nationalism and self-governance. The organization played a vital role in Indonesia's independence, with major congresses emphasizing unity and national awareness. However, internal divisions led to a split in 1921, resulting in two factions: the 'White' SI, which became the Partai Syarikat Islam Indonesia (PSII), and the 'Red' SI, which became the Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI). SI's legacy continues to shape Indonesia's independence journey.

Takeaways

• 😀 Syarikat Islam (SI) was founded in 1905 by Haji Samanudi in Surakarta to protect local batik traders from European and Chinese merchants.
• 😀 The organization initially focused on trade solidarity and economic issues but later expanded to address social and political concerns under colonialism.
• 😀 In 1909, Haji Samanudi merged his organization with one led by H. Omar Said Cokroaminoto, renaming it Syarikat Islam to broaden its focus beyond commerce.
• 😀 The first Syarikat Islam congress took place in 1913 in Surabaya, where Samanudi was elected chairman and Cokroaminoto as vice-chairman.
• 😀 The organization played a key role in promoting nationalism, solidarity, and unity among Indonesians against colonial rule.
• 😀 By 1916, Syarikat Islam was advocating for nationalism and unity in the Indonesian struggle for independence, as seen in their congress held in Bandung.
• 😀 In 1921, the organization split into two factions: SI Putih (White SI), which focused on nationalism and religious principles, and SI Merah (Red SI), which leaned towards socialism and communism.
• 😀 Syarikat Islam transformed into the 'Partai Syarikat Islam Indonesia' (PSII) in 1929, contributing to the broader independence movement in Indonesia.
• 😀 Cokroaminoto, known as the 'king without a crown', inspired many future leaders of Indonesia, including Soekarno and Kartosoewirjo.
• 😀 The Syarikat Islam movement helped lay the foundation for both the nationalist and communist movements in Indonesia, significantly shaping the country’s path to independence.

Q & A

What was the original purpose of the Syarekat Dagang Islam (SDI)?

The original purpose of SDI was to protect the interests of local batik traders in Indonesia, particularly against the dominance of European and Chinese traders during the colonial era.

Who founded the Syarekat Dagang Islam (SDI), and when was it established?

SDI was founded by Haji Samanudi, a batik trader from Surakarta, on October 16, 1905.

What significant change occurred when Haji Samanudi met H. Omar Said Cokroaminoto?

The meeting between Haji Samanudi and H. Omar Said Cokroaminoto led to the merger of their respective organizations, and the name 'Dagang' was dropped from SDI to form 'Syarekat Islam', expanding the organization’s scope to include social and political issues beyond just trade.

What was the outcome of the first congress of Syarekat Islam (SI) held in Surabaya in 1913?

The first congress of Syarekat Islam, held in Surabaya on January 26, 1913, resulted in the election of Haji Samanudi as the chairman and H. Cokroaminoto as the deputy chairman, with a focus on promoting trade in line with Islamic principles and improving the welfare of its members.

What major shift occurred during the second congress of Syarekat Islam in 1913?

During the second congress in 1913, Syarekat Islam began to develop rapidly, with the organization adopting a more structured approach and a clearer vision for social, political, and economic change.

How did Syarekat Islam contribute to the nationalistic movement in Indonesia?

Syarekat Islam played a key role in promoting national unity and nationalism. The organization emphasized that Indonesians were one nation and one people, and it became a platform for broader political and national movements against colonial rule.

What were the three main decisions made at the Fourth Congress of Syarekat Islam in 1917?

The three main decisions were: 1) Syarekat Islam would continue to support peaceful, diplomatic efforts for change; 2) It would advocate for the protection of native Indonesian troops; 3) It would resist excessive exploitation by colonial capitalists.

What led to the split within Syarekat Islam in 1921?

The split in 1921 occurred after a decision was made at the congress to prohibit dual membership, forcing members to choose between Syarekat Islam and other organizations. This led to the formation of two factions: Syarekat Islam Putih (White) and Syarekat Islam Merah (Red).

What happened to Syarekat Islam after it split in 1923?

After the split in 1923, Syarekat Islam Putih held a congress in Madiun and changed its name to the Partai Syarekat Islam (PSII), aligning itself with the nationalist movement. Meanwhile, Syarekat Islam Merah evolved into the Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI) after further developments in the following years.

How did H. Cokroaminoto influence Indonesian political and national movements?

H. Cokroaminoto, known as the 'King without a Crown,' was pivotal in organizing mass political movements in Java. He was a key figure in promoting independence, opposing feudalism, and advocating for social equality. He also mentored several prominent Indonesian leaders, including Semaun Alimin, Soekarno, and Kartosoewiryo.