Brasil em constituição EP04 Jornal Nacional 01/09/2022 Ditadura militar

Summary

The script explores the journey of Brazil's constitutions, highlighting the evolution from the Empire's 1824 constitution to the current 1988 'Citizen Constitution.' It discusses the reflection of societal and political changes in each constitution, from liberal to authoritarian periods. Key moments include the first constitution post-independence, the 1891 republican constitution, the Estado Novo era's authoritarian rule, and the redemocratization in 1946. The script underscores the importance of constitutional development in shaping Brazil's democratic identity and the challenges faced, including limited democratic participation and periods of military dictatorship.

Takeaways

• 📜 The script discusses the journey of Brazil's constitutions, leading up to the current one from 1988, known as the 'Citizen's Constitution'.
• 🏛️ Brazil had six constitutions before the current one, each reflecting the society and politics of their time, ranging from liberal to authoritarian.
• 🗓️ The first constitution of Brazil was established on March 25, 1824, marking the beginning of Brazil as a state governed by law.
• 👥 The initial constitution faced issues, such as the closure of the National Assembly by Dom Pedro I and the lack of rights for slaves, foreigners, women, and the poor.
• 🏢 The 1824 constitution also established governmental structures that exist today, like the Senate and the separation of powers, but with an additional 'moderating power' held by the Emperor.
• 📊 The 1891 constitution was created after a military coup and was more limited in democracy, favoring the wealthy and men, excluding women and the poor from voting.
• 🌟 Rui Barbosa, known as the 'Father of the Constitution', included the habeas corpus in the 1891 constitution to protect citizens from unlawful state actions.
• 🎉 The 1934 constitution introduced elements of populism and nationalism, and established the electoral court and the constitutional expression of women's right to vote, introduced in 1932.
• 🚫 Getúlio Vargas, after losing the 1930 presidential election, took power through a coup and later established the Estado Novo, a dictatorship inspired by fascist models, which banned political parties and congress.
• 👵 Maria Margarida Lemos de Carvalho, who lived through five constitutions, remembered the state's motto under Vargas, highlighting the authoritarian nature of his rule.
• 🛑 The script also mentions the end of the Estado Novo with the return of democracy post-World War II, leading to the 1946 constitution that reestablished civil rights and individual freedoms.

Q & A

What does 'constituir' mean in the context of the script?

In the context of the script, 'constituir' refers to the act of giving existence, creating, and organizing something. It is used to describe the creation of the Brazilian state as a democratic entity.

What is the significance of the year 1988 in Brazilian constitutional history?

The year 1988 is significant because it marks the promulgation of the current Brazilian Constitution, which is often referred to as the 'Citizen's Constitution'.

How many constitutions did Brazil have before the one promulgated in 1988?

Before the 1988 Constitution, Brazil had six other constitutions, including those of the Empire in 1824, the First Republic in 1891, the Estado Novo in 1937, the first redemocratization in 1946, and the military dictatorship in 1967.

What event on March 25, 1824, is considered a turning point in Brazil's journey towards becoming a state of law?

On March 25, 1824, Brazil's first constitution was enacted, marking the beginning of the country's journey towards becoming a state governed by law.

What were some limitations of the first Brazilian Constitution of 1824?

The first Constitution of 1824 had several limitations, including not granting rights to all individuals, such as slaves, foreigners, women, and people under 25 years of age or without property.

What is the significance of the 'Lei Áurea' mentioned in the script?

The 'Lei Áurea', or the 'Golden Law', was a significant law approved on May 13, 1888, which abolished slavery in Brazil, marking a major step towards a more inclusive society.

How did the political changes after World War I impact Brazil's constitution?

After World War I, Brazil underwent significant social and political changes, leading to the end of the 'coffee with milk' politics and the rise of Getúlio Vargas. This period saw the suspension of the 1891 Constitution and the creation of the 1934 Constitution, reflecting Vargas' populism and nationalism.

What were some of the key features of the Estado Novo constitution of 1937?

The Estado Novo constitution of 1937 was highly authoritarian, inspired by fascist models. It centralized power in the President of the Republic, banned political parties, and suspended congress and other political activities.

What happened to the Brazilian Constitution in the period of military dictatorship from 1964 to 1988?

During the military dictatorship from 1964 to 1988, the Brazilian Constitution was suppressed by institutional acts, and the military imposed new constitutions in 1967 and 1969, which were not the result of popular discussion and were largely ignored.

How did the Brazilian Constitution evolve from the time of the Empire to the redemocratization period?

The Brazilian Constitution evolved from the initial 1824 Constitution of the Empire, which was limited and did not grant rights to all, to the more inclusive 1946 Constitution that reestablished civil rights and freedoms, and eventually to the current 1988 Constitution, which is known as the 'Citizen's Constitution'.