ESTRUTURA ATÔMICA | Como é Formado o Átomo?

Summary

This video explains the structure of an atom, breaking it down into its three fundamental particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons carry a positive charge, neutrons are neutral, and electrons have a negative charge. The video explores how atoms are electrically neutral when the number of protons and electrons are equal. It also covers the concept of atomic number and mass number, and how the number of neutrons can be calculated. Finally, the video touches on the interaction between protons and electrons and how energy is emitted or absorbed when electrons shift between orbits.

Takeaways

• 😀 An atom is the smallest unit of matter.
• 😀 Atoms are made up of three subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
• 😀 The nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons, while electrons orbit around it.
• 😀 Protons have a positive charge, neutrons are neutral, and electrons have a negative charge.
• 😀 An atom in its fundamental state is electrically neutral because it has an equal number of protons and electrons.
• 😀 The atomic number (Z) represents the number of protons in an atom's nucleus and determines its position in the periodic table.
• 😀 The mass number (A) is the sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.
• 😀 Electrons revolve in specific energy levels and orbitals around the nucleus.
• 😀 When an electron moves between orbitals, energy is either emitted or absorbed.
• 😀 Protons repel each other, and the same happens with electrons, but there is an attraction force between protons and electrons, called electrical charge.
• 😀 The structure of an atom is made up of a central nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons.

Q & A

What is an atom?

An atom is the smallest basic unit of matter.

Why is an atom considered indivisible?

The term 'atom' originally meant indivisible, but it was later demonstrated by physicist Huderf that atoms can actually be divided into smaller parts, revealing their internal structure.

What are the three fundamental particles that make up an atom?

An atom is made up of three fundamental subatomic particles: protons (positively charged), neutrons (neutral), and electrons (negatively charged).

What is found in the nucleus of an atom?

The nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons.

What does an atom's electrical neutrality depend on?

An atom in its ground state is electrically neutral because it has an equal number of protons (positive charge) and electrons (negative charge).

What is the atomic number (Z) of an element?

The atomic number (Z) is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom and determines the element's position in the periodic table.

How is the mass number of an atom calculated?

The mass number (A) of an atom is calculated by adding the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, as the electrons have negligible mass.

What is the role of neutrons in an atom?

Neutrons are neutral particles that, along with protons, form the atomic nucleus. They contribute to the atom's mass but do not have a charge.

How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?

The number of neutrons in an atom can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number (number of protons) from the mass number.

What happens when an electron changes its orbit?

When an electron changes its orbit, a packet of energy is either emitted or absorbed, depending on whether it moves to a lower or higher energy level.