Sejarah Kerajaan Pajajaran (Lengkap)

Summary

The script outlines the history of the Sunda Kingdom, specifically focusing on the Kingdom of Pajajaran. It traces the kingdom's foundation in 923 AD by Sri Jayabupati, its peak under Sri Baduga Maharaja, and its eventual decline due to internal strife and external pressures from neighboring Islamic sultanates like Banten and Demak. The script highlights key historical events, notable rulers, economic and cultural life, and significant archaeological findings, including ancient inscriptions and artifacts. It also details the influence of Hinduism on the culture and the eventual collapse of Pajajaran, marking the rise of the Sultanate of Banten.

Takeaways

• 😀 The Kingdom of Pajajaran, also known as the Kingdom of Sunda, was established in 923 CE by Sri Jayabupati in the Parahyangan region of Java.
• 😀 Pajajaran's capital city, Pakuan, was an important hub and was mentioned by Tome Pires in 1513 CE as Dayo or Dayah, a two-day journey from modern-day Jakarta.
• 😀 The kingdom evolved from earlier states like Tarumanegara, Sunda, Galuh, and Kawali, with Pajajaran emerging as a continuation of these powers after the decline of Majapahit.
• 😀 Key rulers like Sri Baduga Maharaja (1482-1521 CE) expanded the kingdom’s territories, built infrastructures, and enhanced religious institutions, marking its peak.
• 😀 Pajajaran was known for its strong agricultural economy, producing rice, fruits, vegetables, and spices, and had six key ports, including Sunda Kelapa (now Jakarta).
• 😀 Social life in Pajajaran was diverse, with a range of artisans, musicians, dancers, and religious figures contributing to the cultural vibrancy.
• 😀 The kingdom followed Hinduism, which influenced its culture, arts, and governance, with notable relics like the *Sanghyang Siksakanda* providing historical context.
• 😀 The kingdom’s downfall began with internal conflicts and was sealed by external pressures from the rise of Islamic Sultanates like Banten, Demak, and Cirebon.
• 😀 The fall of Pajajaran in 1579 CE was marked by the defeat of the kingdom's forces by Maulana Yusuf of Banten, signaling the end of its rule.
• 😀 Historical relics, including the Prasasti Cikapundung, Batutulis, and Karangkamulyan, provide insight into the cultural and political legacy of Pajajaran and its neighboring kingdoms.

Q & A

What was the founding year of Kerajaan Pajajaran?

Kerajaan Pajajaran was founded in 923 CE by Sri Jayabupati, as indicated in the Sanghyang Tapak inscription.

What does the name 'Pakuan' mean in the context of the kingdom?

'Pakuan' comes from the word 'Pakuwon,' which refers to the city that was the capital of the Sunda Kingdom, marking its importance in the region.

What were some of the key predecessor kingdoms to Kerajaan Pajajaran?

Key predecessor kingdoms to Kerajaan Pajajaran included the Kingdoms of Tarumanegara, Sunda, Galuh, and Kawali.

How did Majapahit’s decline influence the formation of Kerajaan Pajajaran?

The weakening of Majapahit in the late 1400s and the resulting unrest led to the migration of its royal family to Galuh, and eventually, the formation of Kerajaan Pajajaran under Sri Baduga Maharaja.

Who was the most prominent ruler of Kerajaan Pajajaran?

The most prominent ruler was Sri Baduga Maharaja, also known as Prabu Siliwangi, who ruled from 1482 to 1521 and brought the kingdom to its peak in terms of power and prosperity.

What were the main economic activities of the Kerajaan Pajajaran?

The economy of Kerajaan Pajajaran was primarily based on agriculture, including rice, fruit, vegetables, and pepper, as well as trade and maritime activities with important ports like Sunda Kelapa.

What was the significance of the Sunda Kelapa port during the reign of Pajajaran?

Sunda Kelapa (modern Jakarta) was one of the six major ports of Kerajaan Pajajaran, and it played a crucial role in trade and the kingdom's economy.

What role did religion play in the social and cultural life of Kerajaan Pajajaran?

Hinduism played a significant role in the culture and governance of the kingdom. Temples, scriptures like the Sanghyang Siksakanda, and practices around the religion influenced many aspects of social life.

What led to the fall of Kerajaan Pajajaran?

The fall of Kerajaan Pajajaran in 1579 was largely due to the rising power of the Sultanate of Banten and the spread of Islam, which, combined with internal political struggles, led to Pajajaran’s defeat.

What are some significant archaeological findings from the time of Kerajaan Pajajaran?

Important archaeological discoveries include the Cikapundung inscription, Batutulis inscription, and the Karangkamulyan site, which reveal much about the culture, religion, and governance of the kingdom.

How did the Sultanate of Banten contribute to the decline of Pajajaran?

The Sultanate of Banten, allied with the Sultanates of Demak and Cirebon, attacked Kerajaan Pajajaran, leading to its eventual collapse in 1579. The rise of Islam in the region played a key role in this transition.

What legacy did Kerajaan Pajajaran leave after its fall?

Despite its fall, the legacy of Kerajaan Pajajaran lives on in archaeological sites, cultural traditions, and historical inscriptions, many of which still influence modern Sundanese culture.