Kanker Tulang: Penyebab, Gejala dan Cara Mengatasinya | Kata Dokter #157

Summary

Bone cancer is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when abnormal cell growth disrupts the bone tissue. Dr. Endang Nuryadi, a radiation oncology specialist, explains that the most common types of bone cancer include osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and Ewing’s sarcoma, with the latter being more prevalent in children and young adults. While the exact cause remains unknown, risk factors include genetic mutations and a history of bone tumors. Symptoms often include persistent pain, swelling, and fractures. Early diagnosis through imaging and biopsy is critical, and treatment typically involves surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Although there's no known prevention, adopting a healthy lifestyle and regular check-ups are essential for early detection.

Takeaways

• 😀 Bone tumors are mostly benign, but when malignant, they can be life-threatening, especially if they spread to other parts of the body.
• 😀 The most common types of bone cancer are osteosarcoma, which affects children and young adults, followed by chondrosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma.
• 😀 The exact cause of bone cancer is unknown, but genetic mutations and certain risk factors like family history, previous cancer treatments, or benign bone tumors may increase the likelihood of developing it.
• 😀 The primary symptoms of bone cancer include persistent pain that worsens over time, swelling, redness, and fragile bones prone to fractures even without injury.
• 😀 Bone cancer is diagnosed through a combination of patient interviews, physical exams, imaging tests like X-rays and CT scans, and a biopsy of the suspected tumor area.
• 😀 Treatment for bone cancer typically involves a multimodal approach, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, tailored to the cancer stage and location.
• 😀 Surgery aims to remove the tumor, and in severe cases, this may involve removing part or all of the affected bone. In cases where surgery is not possible, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are used.
• 😀 Untreated bone cancer can cause significant complications, including severe pain, bone fractures, metastasis (spread to other organs), and even death.
• 😀 Early detection of bone cancer can improve treatment outcomes, but there is no specific method for prevention. A healthy lifestyle and regular check-ups may help with early diagnosis.
• 😀 The prognosis of bone cancer is generally worse in advanced stages, making early detection and intervention crucial for improving quality of life and survival rates.

Q & A

What is bone cancer?

Bone cancer is the uncontrolled growth of malignant cells in bone tissue, leading to damage in the bone and surrounding tissue. It may be primary, originating in the bone, or secondary, resulting from metastasis from other cancer types.

What are the common types of bone cancer?

The most common types of bone cancer include osteosarcoma (often occurring in children and young adults), chondrosarcoma (the second most common), and Ewing's sarcoma (the third most common).

Can bone cancer spread from other cancers?

Yes, bone cancer can be secondary, meaning it may spread from another cancer (metastasis), but the focus of the discussion here is on primary bone cancer.

What are the known risk factors for developing bone cancer?

Risk factors for bone cancer include genetic mutations, family history of bone cancer, childhood cancer history, previous radiation therapy, benign bone tumors, diseases like Paget's disease, and bone marrow transplants.

What are the symptoms of bone cancer?

Common symptoms of bone cancer include persistent pain that worsens over time, swelling or lumps in the bone area, redness of the skin near the affected area, weakened bones that may fracture easily, and in some cases, unexplained fractures.

How is bone cancer diagnosed?

Bone cancer diagnosis involves a thorough physical examination, patient history, and diagnostic imaging techniques such as X-rays, CT scans, MRI, and bone scans. A biopsy is necessary for a definitive diagnosis.

What is the treatment for bone cancer?

Treatment for bone cancer typically involves a multimodal approach, including surgery to remove the tumor, chemotherapy to target cancer cells, and radiation therapy to treat the area. The specific treatment depends on the cancer’s stage and location.

What happens if bone cancer is not treated?

If left untreated, bone cancer can cause the tumor to grow, destroying healthy tissue, causing severe pain, impairing movement, and leading to fractures. It can also metastasize to other organs, which can decrease quality of life and lead to death.

Can bone cancer be prevented?

There is no specific method to prevent bone cancer. However, maintaining a healthy lifestyle and regularly monitoring for symptoms or discomfort can help in early detection, improving the chances of successful treatment.

What role does genetic mutation play in bone cancer development?

Genetic mutations can lead to the transformation of normal bone cells into cancerous cells. While the exact cause of these mutations remains unclear, certain genetic factors, such as a family history of bone cancer, can increase the risk.