🥇 DRENAJE VENOSO DEL CUELLO - (Venas Yugular Interna, Externa, Subclavia). Fácil y Sencilla
Summary
TLDREste script de video ofrece una detallada explicación sobre la drenaje venoso del cuello, abarcando las tres grandes venas responsables: la vena yugular interna, la vena subclavia y la vena yugular externa. Se describe cómo estas venas se unen para formar los troncos venosos braquiocefálicos, que a su vez se combinan para formar la vena cava superior, que drenaje la sangre al átrio derecho del corazón. El video también destaca la importancia de la vena yugular interna, que recoge más del 95% de la sangre intracraneal, y su relación con otras estructuras del cuello, incluyendo músculos, nervios y ganglios linfáticos. Además, se exploran las relaciones anatómicas y los afluentes de las venas subclavia y yugular externa, así como la formación y drenaje de las venas braquiocefálicas. El contenido es rico en detalles anatómicos y proporciona una comprensión sólida de la anatomía y fisiología del drenaje venoso del cuello.
Takeaways
- 🌐 La parte del cuello está drenada por tres grandes venas: la vena yugular interna, la vena subclavia y la vena yugular externa.
- 🔄 Las venas yugulares internas derraman más del 95% de la sangre intracraneal y también drenan estructuras del cuello.
- 🤝 La unión de las venas yugulares internas con las venas subclavias forma las venas braquiocefalicas o venas innominadas.
- 🧵 Las venas braquiocefalicas derriten en la gran vena cava superior, que finalmente vacía la sangre en el átrio derecho del corazón.
- 💉 La vena yugular interna tiene una relación importante con el músculo esternoclavicular y el nervio frénico.
- 🔗 La vena subclavia es continua con la vena axilar y empieza a ser llamada así cuando pasa el borde lateral de la primera costilla.
- 🌱 La vena yugular externa tiene una formación variable y puede drenarse en la vena subclavia o en la yugular interna.
- 🔄 La vena yugular interna recibe afluentes como la vena faríngea, la vena facial, la vena lingual y la vena tiroides superior.
- 📍 La vena subclavia está frente a la arteria subclavia y está separada por el músculo escaleno anterior y el nervio frénico.
- 🏞 La vena yugular externa es una vena superficial que puede recibir la vena yugular anterior y tiene una relación con la glándula parotida.
- 🔬 Las venas braquiocefalicas reciben afluentes como la vena mamaria interna, la vena pericardiofrenic y las venas tiroides inferiores.
Q & A
¿Cuáles son las tres grandes venas que drenan el cuello?
-Las tres grandes venas que drenan el cuello son la vena yugular interna, la vena subclavia y la vena yugular externa.
¿Cómo se forman las venas brachiocefalicas?
-Las venas brachiocefalicas se forman por la unión de la vena yugular interna con la vena subclavia, y cada una se encuentra en el lado derecho e izquierdo del cuerpo.
¿Cuál es la función del músculo omohyoideo en relación con la vena yugular interna?
-Algunos autores sugieren que el músculo omohyoideo se contrae al mover el cuello, especialmente cuando el esternoclejoideomastoideo se contrae, lo que ejerce presión sobre la vena yugular interna. La contracción del músculo omohyoideo podría aliviar la presión y evitar el colapso de la vena durante la contracción del cuello.
¿Qué venas y estructuras linfáticas drenan en la vena yugular interna?
-La vena yugular interna drenaría la vena faríngea, la vena facial, la vena lingual, la vena tiroides superior, la vena tiroides media, y en el lado izquierdo, también drenaría el conducto linfático torácico.
¿Cuándo se denomina a la vena axilar como vena subclavia?
-Se denomina a la vena axilar como vena subclavia cuando esta pasa por el borde lateral de la primera costilla.
¿Qué venas y estructuras están relacionadas con la vena subclavia?
-La vena subclavia está siempre frente a la arteria subclavia y está separada de esta por el músculo escaleno anterior y el nervio frénico.
¿Cómo se forma la vena yugular externa y cuáles son sus tributarias comunes?
-La vena yugular externa se forma de manera variable y comúnmente por la unión de la vena retromandibular y la vena auricular posterior. Recibe la vena yugular anterior y a veces se une dentro del glándula parotídea.
¿Cómo se relacionan las venas yugulares internas y externas?
-La vena yugular externa puede drenarse en la subclavia o en la yugular interna, y hay comunicaciones entre ambas venas yugulares.
¿Qué venas forman la vena cava superior y cuál es su importancia?
-Las venas brachiocefalicas, formadas por la unión de las venas yugulares internas con las subclavias, se unen para formar la vena cava superior, que drenará la sangre en el átrio derecho del corazón.
¿Qué venas y estructuras adicionales drenan en las venas brachiocefalicas?
-Las venas brachiocefalicas también drenan la vena mamaria interna, la vena pericardiofrenic, las venas tiroides inferiores y la vena vertebral.
¿Por qué la vena brachiocefalica izquierda es más larga que la derecha?
-La vena brachiocefalica izquierda es más larga porque debe alcanzar el lado derecho del cuerpo donde se encuentra la vena cava superior.
¿Qué es el espacio de Burns y cómo se relaciona con las venas yugulares anteriores?
-El espacio de Burns es la región en la que se forma el arco yugular anterior, que une las dos venas yugulares anteriores y se encuentra por encima del manubrio del esternón.
Outlines
🌐 Drenaje Venoso del Cuello
Se discute el drenaje venoso del cuello, es decir, las venas responsables de drenar la sangre de esta región. Se mencionan las tres grandes venas principales: la vena yugular interna, la vena subclavia y la vena yugular externa. Además, se describe cómo estas venas se unen para formar los troncos venosos braquiocefálicos, que a su vez se unen para formar la vena cava superior, que drenará la sangre en el átrio derecho del corazón. Se destaca la importancia de la vena yugular interna, que recoge más del 95% de la sangre intracraneal y su relación con otras estructuras del cuello.
🔄 Relaciones Superficiales y Tributarias de la Vena Yugular Interna
Se profundiza en la formación y relaciones de la vena yugular interna, destacando su continuidad desde el seno sigmoide y su relación con otras estructuras como el plexo cervical profundo y la dilatación conocida como bulbo superior. Se discuten las relaciones superficiales de la vena, incluyendo su posición frente a los músculos esternoclavicular y omohyoide, y cómo esta última puede aliviar la presión sobre la vena yugular interna durante el movimiento del cuello. Además, se exploran los tributarios de la vena yugular interna, incluyendo la vena faríngea, la vena facial, la vena lingual y las venas tiroideas superior e intermedia.
🌐 Drenaje de la Vena Subclavia y Formación de la Vena Yugular Externa
Se aborda la función de la vena subclavia, que recoge sangre del miembro superior y es continuada por la vena axilar. Se describen las relaciones anatómicas de la vena subclavia con el músculo escaleno anterior y el nervio frénico. Se mencionan los tributarios de la vena subclavia, incluyendo la vena yugular externa y la vena yugular anterior. Se discute la formación variable de la vena yugular externa y sus posibles uniones con la vena parotídea y la glándula parotídea. Finalmente, se habla sobre las uniones de las venas yugulares internas y subclavias para formar los troncos venosos braquiocefálicos.
🔄 Drenaje de las Venas Braquiocefálicas y Vena Cava Superior
Se concluye el tema del drenaje venoso del cuello describiendo las venas braquiocefálicas, que son las uniones de las venas yugulares internas con las subclavias. Se diferencian las características de la vena braquiocefálica derecha y la izquierda en términos de su orientación y longitud. Se mencionan los tributarios de estas venas, incluyendo la vena mamaria interna, la vena pericardiofrénica, las venas tiroideas inferiores y la vena intercostal superior izquierda. Se destaca la formación de la gran vena cava por la unión de ambas venas braquiocefálicas y su importancia en la drenaje de la sangre del cuello y miembros superiores.
Mindmap
Keywords
💡Vena yugular interna
💡Vena subclavia
💡Vena yugular externa
💡Troncos venosos braquiocefálicos
💡Vena cava superior
💡Nervio omohioideo
💡Drenaje linfonodal
💡Vena facial y lingüal
💡Vena tiroidea superior
💡Vena parotidea
💡Arco anterior jujelar
Highlights
La venosa cervical es drenada por tres grandes venas: la vena yugular interna, la vena subclavia y la vena yugular externa.
Las dos venas yugulares internas se unen para formar los troncos venosos braquiocefálicos o venas braquiocefálicas.
Las venas braquiocefálicas se unen para formar la vena cava superior que drenará la sangre en el átrio derecho del corazón.
La vena yugular interna recoge más del 95% de la sangre intracraneal.
La vena yugular interna tiene una relación importante con el músculo esternocleidomastoideo.
La vena subclavia es la continuación de la vena axilar y recibe la sangre de la extremidad superior.
La vena subclavia está siempre frente a la arteria subclavia, separada por el músculo escaleno anterior y el nervio frínico.
La vena yugular externa tiene una formación muy variable y es una vena superficial.
La vena yugular externa recibe la vena yugular anterior, que a veces se dreña en la vena yugular externa y otras veces en la subclavia.
Las venas braquiocefálicas son formadas por la unión de la vena yugular interna con la vena subclavia.
La vena cava superior es formada por la unión de ambas venas braquiocefálicas y dreña en el átrio derecho del corazón.
La vena yugular interna tiene varios afluentes, incluyendo la vena faríngea, la vena lingual y la vena tiroides superior.
La conducto linfático torácico derecho se dreña en la vena yugular interna derecha, mientras que el izquierdo lo hace en la vena yugular interna.
La vena subclavia recibe la vena yugular externa y la vena anterior jugular.
La vena yugular externa puede formar una unión con la vena yugular interna a través de un arco que se llama arco anterior jugular.
La vena braquiocefálica izquierda es más larga y cubre las tres ramas del arco aortico.
La vena braquiocefálica recibe afluentes como la vena mamaria interna y la vena tireoidea inferior.
La vena vertebral, análoga a la arteria vertebral, se dreña en la vena braquiocefálica.
La vena intercostal superior izquierda se une a la vena braquiocefálica izquierda.
Transcripts
Okay friends, it's a pleasure and a pleasure to greet you again, then we continue with the content
of the neck and today we will talk about the venous drainage of the neck, that is, the veins that
drain it, okay? Don't forget to subscribe to my channel, here in the lower right corner there is a
link so you can subscribe. So the neck is drained by three large veins:
the internal jugular vein, the subclavian vein and the external jugular vein, okay?
We are going to begin to explain to you with this little diagram, we then have two internal jugular veins,
we have an internal jugular vein on the right side and an internal jugular vein on the left side, as well
as we are going to have a right subclavian and a left subclavian, those veins go to join,
those on the right side and those on the left side separately and they will form the
brachiocephalic venous trunks, okay? or brachiocephalic vein, we are going to have a right brachiocephalic vein and a
left brachiocephalic vein and then those brachiocephalic veins join together and they will form the
great superior vena cava that will finally end up emptying into the right atrium of the
heart all the blood that comes then from the head, the neck and the upper limbs and
well the third vein that I told you drained the neck was in the external jugular vein,
this external jugular vein is going to end up draining into the subclavian vein, anyway we are going to
see it In the following diagram, also notice here we would have the internal jugular vein
draining a large part of the blood from my neck and head, then we come with the vein that brings
blood to my upper limbs and the subclavian veins that also drain a part of the neck
and as I told you just now, the external jugular vein is what is going to drain me into the subclavian, okay? The external jugular vein
drains into the subclavian vein and the union, as I told you, of the internal jugular vein with the
subclavian vein is what forms the brachiocephalic veins, trunks or innominate veins, they
also call it, and the union of both brachiocephalic veins is what will form
the superior vena cava which then ends up draining into the right atrium of the heart.
Let's start then by talking first about the internal jugular vein, okay? This
internal jugular vein collects the majority, more than 95% of the intracranial blood, okay? but it stops draining
the blood from the neck to the heart, remember that the veins come in the opposite direction to the
arteries, it has to pass through the neck and there it takes advantage and drains its neck structures,
so we are going to use this internal jugular vein see that it is always contained, as I repeated
in the previous videos, within what is the neurovascular package of the neck in the
most anterior structure, as you see it here and most lateral of the three that are found within the
carotid sheath, which is this membrane. which is here in black, okay? then more medial and posterior to
it here they are seen next to each other but theoretically this artery which is the
primitive carotid is more medial towards the midline and more posterior, in relation then medial
and posterior and posterior to the internal jugular we always find what is the vagus nerve,
wrapped within what is the carotid sheath, posteriorly we also find the
cervical sympathetic chain we find this nerve that you see here which is the phrenic nerve and these muscles that
would be the scalenes and the prevertebrals, anterior scalenes , middle, posterior and
prevertebral muscles, these are posterior relations; As an important anterior relationship
we are going to have the sternocleidomastoid which is its closest relationship, in fact this muscle
almost completely covers the internal jugular vein and the infrahyoid muscles, having
a very important relationship specifically with this muscle that crosses it, which is the omohyoid muscle
, now I'll explain it well, look at this image so here we have the
internal jugular vein, okay? It descends in the neck as a posterior relation. I told you that there were the
scalenus muscles, this is the anterior scalenus, this would be the phrenic nerve, there is the
posterior and medial scalenus, as I told you, the jugular vein, sorry, the
common carotid artery. but remember that this is until C4 ago because until the primitive arrives and there the
Primitive gives me the internal carotid and at that moment the internal jugular vein is accompanied
by the internal carotid, okay? See how the sternocleidomastoid that is sectioned here
almost completely covers me, as on this side of the image the internal jugular vein and this muscle
that crosses it is the omohyoid muscle, extremely important because this omohyoid muscle, notice
that its intermediate tendon It is just in front of the internal jugular vein and some authors suggest
that the function of the omohyoid is to contract when you move your neck,
specifically when the sternocleidomastoid contracts, because this contracted muscle puts a lot of
pressure on the internal jugular that is behind it, so some Authors say that
when this muscle contracts, it relieves the pressure exerted by the sternocleidomastoid on the
internal jugular vein and prevents this vein from collapsing during neck contraction. So
another important superficial relationship is this structure that is from the deep cervical plexus,
which is the cervical loop, it is located outside the carotid sheath but in front of what is
the jugular vein, it is also said that in both origins the sternocleidomastoid its sternal head
and its clavicular head in the triangle that is formed here between both heads of the
sternocleidomastoid is the internal jugular vein, so at the beginning it will have a
dilation that we will call the superior bulb of the internal jugular vein and it will having one at
its mouth because the veins speak to each other means that they flow, ok? And at that mouth
it will have another dilation that would be the inferior bulb. Now, how is the
internal jugular vein formed? It is a continuation at the cranial level of some structures that collect all the blood from the
skull that has an S shape, so that is the sigmoid sinus, once that sigmoid sinus
passes through a hole, which is the posterior lacerated foramen, in many books Also known
as the jugular foramen, it is no longer the sigmoid sinus and begins in the
internal jugular vein, which is why it is said to be a continuation of the sigmoid sinus. Now,
it is easy to think then that the hole through which the internal carotid artery enters has to be
very close to the posterior lacerated foramen, because remember that these two are accompanied within
the carotid sheath, so just see here how the posterior lacerated foramen is more medial
carotid foramen and a very important thing is that it is through that jugular foramen or posterior tear that
not only the internal jugular vein descends, three
important cranial nerves also descend through there, number 11, which is the accessory nerve, will descend, it will descend the 10, which is the
vagus nerve, okay? and it will descend the 9, which is the one you see back here, which is the glossopharyngeal nerve,
so that in addition to the internal jugular vein, it descends the 9, the 10 and the eleventh cranial nerve, which is
super important. Now tributaries in the vein, we talk about tributaries or tributaries,
that is one vein that drains into another, so the internal jugular vein, see that first it
will fill a pharyngeal vein that we do not see in this image because they are on the medial side, it is This is supposed
to be a lateral view. In addition, they drain my facial vein and my lingual vein, but
look, some people drain the facial vein alone and the lingual vein alone, but in other people
the facial vein joins the lingual vein and They form a trunk, then that trunk will be called
the lingofacial trunk; then it will also drain the superior thyroid artery, there are times when this
superior thyroid vein does not drain only as it is here but it also joins the trunk that is above,
so that way that trunk in that case would be called the thyrolingofacial trunk,
ok? In addition to that superior thyroid vein it also drains me to the middle thyroid vein,
let's not forget the superior and middle thyroid vein, there are other lymphatic structures that also drain me
into that internal jugular on the left side, this very structure drains into the left internal jugular
It is important that it is lymphatic, it is not venous, which is called the thoracic lymphatic duct,
while what is the right lymphatic duct flows into the right internal jugular,
okay? They have several ways to drain these lymphatic ducts but many times they drain in
the internal jugular or other times they do it in the subclavian jugular angle, which is also called
Pirogoff angles, it is not the same as Pirogoff triangle or something else, this is the angle.
Now we are going to talk about the subclavian vein, you know, that the subclavian vein collects
blood, so the upper limb and it are a continuation of the axillary vein, now when I
say that the axillary vein ends and the subclavian vein begins? When the axillary vein that comes
from the upper limb passes through the lateral edge of the first rib, there it begins to be called the
subclavian vein, okay? This subclavian vein is always in front of the subclavian artery, but separated
from it by two important structures: one is the anterior scalene muscle and then another is the
nerve that is always riding in front of the anterior scalene which is the phrenic nerve,
that new structure separates the vein from what is the subclavian artery,
another very important thing is that the subclavian vein only accompanies the third and second portion
of the subclavian artery, because the first portion is covered because it is in front,
that is, Most of it is covered by the internal jugular vein, which is in front of the first portion,
okay? So see here how the axillary vein comes when it passes through the
lateral external edge of the first rib and begins to be the subclavian vein, okay? See here that these axillary veins
when you start to do subclavian are covered by this muscle, this muscle is the
subclavius muscle which is an anterior relationship, here you can see the clavicle much better, below
the clavicle the subclavius muscle, this would be the scalenus anterior and this would be the middle scalene,
between the anterior and middle scalene would be the subclavian artery and in front, as I told you
right now, of the anterior scalene is the subclavian vein. What are the tributaries going to be?
It will receive the external jugular vein, as you see here that it pierces the posterior triangle
of the neck to be able to drain at the level of the subclavius and this vein, which is the anterior jugular vein,
which sometimes drains into the external jugular vein and other times drains in what is the subclavian vein.
Finally, well, penultimately, we are going to talk about the external jugular vein,
it has a very variable way of forming, okay? I already explained in the following image
how it is formed, it is a superficial vein, see that it is even in front, that is,
superficial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle which it surrounds from anterior to posterior,
it is even superficial to the superficial or covering sheet of the deep cervical aponeurosis,
a blade that pierces at the level of the posterior triangle so that this vein becomes sub-aponeurotic,
placed below the aponeurosis and can drain, ok? in the subclavian vein or other times
it drains into the internal jugular, this external jugular vein receives the anterior jugular vein
as you see it here, which is a vein that is in the center of the neck and then runs posterior to the
sternocleidomastoid to be able to reach the external jugular vein, also see here how
it is formed, as I told you right now it has many ways of being formed but the most common way
they describe is through the union of these two veins, this one that comes behind the pinna, which
is the posterior auricular vein. and this one that drains the posterior part of the jaw, which
is the retromandibular vein, then the union of the retromandibular vein with the
superficial posterior auricular to the sternocleidomastoid muscle indicates the beginning of the external jugular vein, a
very important thing that some authors suggest that the auricular Posteriorly, the retromandibular
join inside the parotid gland, in the thickness of the parotid gland, okay? So
they suggest that the beginning of the external jugular is in the thickness of the parotid gland, okay? So
don't forget that. See here then in this image how there are communications between the
external jugular and the internal jugular, okay? and something very important is this arch that joins both
anterior jugular veins, which is called the anterior jugular arch, which is an arch that is above
the manubrium of the sternum, in the space formed there by the superficial cervical aponeurosis,
which is called the space of Burns, okay? Finally we will then talk about the brachiocephalic veins,
These are veins, you already know that they are formed by the union of the internal jugular vein with the subclavian vein,
there are two of them, one on the right side that is much more vertical and much shorter and one on the
left side that is much longer; The union of both brachiocephalic veins is what
will form the great superior vena cava, which you already know is the one that drains into the right atrium,
that is why the left one is longer, because they have to reach to the side. right side of the
body, which is where the superior vena cava is, so that left brachiocephalic vein is
much longer and runs in a horizontal or oblique direction, unlike the right one, which is more
vertical, so this left one covers the three branches of the body. arch of the aorta,
it covers the brachiocephalic arterial trunk, the left common carotid artery and what
is the left subclavian artery, okay? They will receive as tributaries first the
internal mammary vein, it is the same internal thoracic vein, here is supposed to be the anterior part of the thorax
that is cut and well the internal mammary drains there, in addition to that this vein that you see here deeper
than the pericardiophrenic vein, okay? In addition to that it will drain the
inferior thyroid veins, see here, the middle and superior thyroid vein are from the internal jugular vein,
but the inferior thyroid veins drain into the brachiocephalic vein, don't forget.
Finally, I would finish by draining this vein that you see here deeply, which is the analogue of
the vertebral artery, which is the vertebral vein. These ones here are the ones that I told you just now,
which are the lower thyroid and something very important on the left side, see that The
left posterior intercostal spaces form a vein that is the
left superior intercostal vein, the left superior intercostal vein drains into the left brachiocephalic vein,
ok? only the left because the right upper intercostal see that it is looking for another vein
which is the azygos, although that is already material from the thorax we have to explain it right now because they
are venous drainage of the brachiocephalic vein, which here it is clearly seen how both brachiocephalic veins
form a the great superior vena cava, okay? So friends, this has been the entire video,
do not forget to subscribe to the smiley that you are going to see here, like the video and share it
so that this information reaches many more people and reaches your colleagues,
here are other videos To reproduce it from the arteries of the neck
and the nerves that we are going to find in the neck, do not forget to follow me on Instagram
at @juan_sanchez1315. Thank you for your collaboration
Ver Más Videos Relacionados
5.0 / 5 (0 votes)