How does the Galleri Test work?

Summary

The Galleri® test is a blood-based cancer screening tool that detects DNA methylation patterns associated with over 50 types of cancer. By analyzing cell-free DNA, the test identifies signals that may indicate cancer and predicts potential locations in the body. However, the test does not replace standard screenings, and false results can occur. It is intended for individuals over 21, excluding those who are pregnant or undergoing active treatment. Used alongside other screenings, Galleri® provides a proactive approach to cancer detection for patients and healthcare providers.

Takeaways

• 🧬 The Galleri® test analyzes over 1 million DNA methylation sites in a blood sample to deliver results.
• 🩸 All cells, including cancer cells, release DNA fragments called cell-free DNA into the bloodstream.
• 🔬 DNA from cancer cells differs from that of healthy cells, with specific methylation patterns that indicate cancer.
• 🧪 Methylation patterns also provide information about where the cancer may be located in the body.
• 🩺 The Galleri® test is a cancer screening tool that detects signals from over 50 types of cancer.
• 🧠 If a cancer signal is detected, the test predicts one or two locations where the cancer may be originating.
• ⚠️ The test has limitations: not all cancers can be detected, and false-positive and false-negative results can occur.
• ⏳ The Galleri® test screens for cancers that may be present at the time of the blood draw but does not predict future cancer risk.
• 📋 It is intended to be used alongside other cancer screening tests, as recommended by a healthcare provider.
• 🔞 The Galleri® test is not recommended for individuals under 21, pregnant individuals, or those undergoing active cancer treatment.

Q & A

What is the Galleri® test and how does it work?

The Galleri® test is a cancer screening test that looks at over 1 million DNA methylation sites in a blood sample to detect specific methylation patterns that suggest the presence of cancer. It examines cell-free DNA fragments released by both healthy and cancer cells to find patterns that indicate cancer.

What are methylation patterns, and why are they important in cancer detection?

Methylation patterns are specific chemical modifications to DNA. In cancer cells, these patterns differ from those in healthy cells. The Galleri® test analyzes these patterns to identify the presence of cancer and predict where in the body the cancer may be located.

How many types of cancer can the Galleri® test detect?

The Galleri® test can detect cancer signals across more than 50 different types of cancer.

What happens if the Galleri® test detects a cancer signal?

If a cancer signal is detected, the test analyzes the DNA patterns to predict one or two possible locations in the body, called 'Cancer Signal Origins,' which can help healthcare providers determine the next steps for confirming if cancer is present.

What are the limitations of the Galleri® test?

The Galleri® test cannot detect all cancers, and false-negative or false-positive results can occur. Additionally, it only screens for cancers present at the time of the blood draw and does not assess future cancer risk.

Can the Galleri® test replace other cancer screening tests?

No, the Galleri® test is used in addition to other cancer screening tests recommended by healthcare providers. It does not replace routine screening methods.

Who should not take the Galleri® test?

The Galleri® test is not recommended for individuals who are pregnant, 21 years old or younger, or undergoing active cancer treatment.

Does the Galleri® test guarantee a cancer diagnosis if a signal is detected?

No, the detection of a cancer signal does not guarantee a diagnosis. Further diagnostic tests are needed to confirm whether cancer is present.

Can the Galleri® test predict future cancer risk?

No, the Galleri® test does not measure future cancer risk. It only screens for cancers that may be present at the time of the blood draw.

Is the Galleri® test available over the counter?

No, the Galleri® test is prescription-only and must be ordered by a healthcare provider.