CDS View with input parameters Part 7 ABAP on HANA Course

Summary

This video tutorial delves into the creation and use of parameterized CDS (Core Data Services) views in SAP. It explains how to define parameters for a CDS view, making some mandatory and others optional by setting default values. The video walks through examples of passing parameters such as sales order numbers and dates, and shows how default system fields like client, system date, and user ID can be applied. Additionally, the tutorial discusses the differences between DDIC-based CDS views and new CDS entity views, providing insights on how to manage parameters effectively.

Takeaways

• 📊 Parameterized CDS views require user input for certain values to execute, especially for filtering data dynamically.
• ⚙️ Parameters can be passed during the execution or while calling the CDS view in a select statement.
• 💡 Defining parameters in a CDS view allows more flexibility as users can input values instead of relying on constants.
• 📝 Parameters need to be referenced using the `$parameters` syntax to pass the user input into WHERE conditions.
• 🚫 All parameters are mandatory unless a default system value (like system date or client) is assigned.
• 📅 You can define multiple parameters, including dates, and use them in the WHERE clause or output fields.
• 🚀 Default values for parameters can be assigned using system variables (e.g., system date), making those parameters optional during execution.
• 🔧 When using parameters in output fields, an alias must be specified.
• 📝 SAP provides system fields like system date, system time, and client as default values, but only a few system fields can be used as defaults.
• 🖥️ SAP's standard demo programs provide examples for testing and understanding parameterized CDS views.

Q & A

What is a parameterized CDS view in SAP?

A parameterized CDS view is a Core Data Services (CDS) view that accepts input parameters. When executing the view, it asks for parameter values, and only after these values are provided does it generate the output.

Why would you use a parameterized CDS view instead of a normal CDS view?

You would use a parameterized CDS view when you want to control which data is displayed by asking the user to provide specific input values. This makes the view more dynamic and flexible, as it can return different results based on the parameters passed.

How do you define a parameter in a CDS view?

To define a parameter in a CDS view, you add the `with parameters` clause after the view entity definition. You specify the parameter name, its data type (like ABAP types or data elements), and optionally default values using system variables.

Can you explain how to access a parameter in a WHERE clause in CDS?

To access a parameter in a WHERE clause, you use the `$parameters` keyword followed by the parameter name. For example, `$parameters.p_vbeln` would be used to access a parameter named `p_vbeln` and pass its value to the WHERE clause.

Are parameters in a CDS view always mandatory?

Yes, parameters in a CDS view are mandatory by default. However, there is an exception if you provide a default value using system fields (like system date, system client). In such cases, the parameter is not mandatory.

What annotation is used to assign a default value to a parameter in a CDS view?

The `@Environment.systemField` annotation is used to assign default values to parameters in a CDS view. This annotation allows you to use predefined system values like the system date, time, client, etc.

What happens if you don't pass a parameter value when calling a parameterized CDS view in ABAP?

If a mandatory parameter is not passed when calling a parameterized CDS view in an ABAP program, the system will raise a syntax error or cause a dump, indicating that the parameter is missing.

Can a parameter be used in fields other than the WHERE clause?

Yes, parameters can be used in various parts of the CDS view, such as the field list, WHERE clause, or even in aggregation and on conditions. You can access the parameter value using the `$parameters` expression.

What types of system fields can be used as default values in CDS parameters?

The system fields that can be used as default values include the system client, system date, system time, system user, system language, and system timezone.

What is the difference between a DDIC-based CDS view and a CDS view with entity definitions?

A DDIC-based CDS view can use colon syntax (:) to access parameters, while a CDS view with entity definitions requires the use of the `$parameters` expression. The newer entity-based CDS views have stricter syntax rules.

Outlines

00:00

👋 Introduction to Parameterized CDS Views

The video begins with an introduction to parameterized CDS views in SAP. It explains that parameterized CDS views require user input to display data and discusses the importance of parameters when executing or using CDS views in select statements. A step-by-step guide is provided on how to convert a normal CDS view into a parameterized one by adding a parameter called `p_vbln` for the sales order number. The video emphasizes that the view will only execute if the user provides the required parameter.

05:00

⚠️ Parameters in Select Statements and Syntax Errors

This section explains the importance of passing parameters when calling parameterized CDS views in select statements. If parameters are not provided, the view will generate an error or dump. The video demonstrates how to resolve syntax errors by binding the required parameter `p_vbln` and passing the sales order value. It also highlights the strict nature of mandatory parameters and the impact of omitting them.

10:02

📅 Adding Multiple Parameters and Default Values

The presenter introduces adding multiple parameters to a CDS view and assigning default values to avoid mandatory input requirements. A new date parameter (`p_date`) is added, and it is explained that default values for certain system fields (e.g., client, system date, system time) can make these parameters optional. The video showcases how the date parameter displays either user input or defaults to the system date if no input is provided.

15:03

🛠️ Using Environmental Annotations for Default Values

This section focuses on environmental annotations, specifically `@Environment.systemField`, used to assign default values to parameters in CDS views. The video explains that only certain system fields (e.g., system date, client, user ID) can be set as default values. A demonstration is given on how to activate and execute the CDS view when a default value is set, showing that mandatory fields become optional if they have a system-defined default.

20:04

📝 SAP Standard Program and Demo for Parameterized Views

The final section covers an SAP standard demo program that uses a parameterized CDS view with system default values. The video explains how parameters in this demo are not mandatory due to default values and shows how the program handles both cases—when parameters are passed and when they are omitted. The difference between DDIC-based CDS views and new CDS view entities is also discussed, particularly regarding syntax differences when accessing parameters.

Keywords

💡Parameterized CDS View

A Parameterized CDS View is a type of Core Data Services (CDS) view in SAP HANA that allows users to pass parameters to filter or customize the data retrieval. In the video, the presenter explains how to convert a normal CDS view into a parameterized one by defining parameters after the view entity. This feature is crucial as it enables dynamic data retrieval based on user input, as demonstrated when the presenter creates a parameter 'p_controls' to filter sales order numbers.

💡CDSU

CDSU stands for CDS Update View, which is a type of CDS view used for updating data. In the script, the term is used in the context of executing a CDS view that prompts for parameter values. The presenter uses CDSU to show how the view behaves when parameters are not provided, leading to errors, and how providing parameters resolves these issues.

💡Mandatory Parameters

Mandatory parameters are those that must be provided for the CDS view to execute successfully. The video emphasizes the importance of mandatory parameters by showing that if they are not supplied, the view will not execute, as indicated by the star symbol next to the parameter name in the script.

💡Default Value

A default value is a pre-set value for a parameter that makes it optional to provide a value during execution. The video script explains how to assign a default value to a parameter using environmental annotations, such as 'system date', which allows the parameter to be non-mandatory. This is demonstrated when the presenter adds a date parameter with 'system date' as the default value.

💡Environmental Annotation

Environmental annotations are used to assign default values to parameters based on system variables like 'system date' or 'system time'. In the video, the presenter uses the annotation 'environment.system_field' to assign the system date as a default value to the date parameter, illustrating how this can make a parameter non-mandatory.

💡DDIC-Based CDS View

DDIC stands for Data Dictionary Independent Component. A DDIC-based CDS view is created using the data dictionary structure in SAP. The script contrasts DDIC-based CDS views with defined view entities, mentioning that in DDIC-based views, parameters can be accessed using a colon, whereas in defined view entities, the '$parameter' expression must be used.

💡Activation (Ctrl+F3)

Activation in the context of the video refers to the process of enabling or preparing a CDS view or program for execution in SAP. The presenter uses the term while discussing the steps to activate a parameterized CDS view after defining parameters, highlighting the transition from creation to execution.

💡Select Statement

A select statement is a part of SQL used to retrieve data from a database. In the video, the presenter mentions calling a CDS view within a select statement, emphasizing how parameters must be passed for the view to function correctly within this context.

💡Expression Table

An expression table is a temporary table used for storing data during the execution of a program. The video script refers to an expression table when discussing how data is manipulated before being passed to a CDS view, showing how expression tables can be used to manage data dynamically.

💡SFP

SFP stands for SAP Fiori Launchpad, a platform for launching SAP Fiori apps. The video is part of an SFP series, indicating that the content is aimed at helping users understand and work with Fiori applications, including the creation and use of parameterized CDS views.

Highlights

Introduction to parameterized CDS views and their role in executing queries with user-defined parameters.

Demonstrating how parameters in a CDS view ask for user input, ensuring the query result is based on that input.

Creating a parameterized CDS view by adding a parameter after defining the view entity name.

Usage of system annotations to create default values for parameters, making them optional.

Explanation of using system variables like system date, time, and user data as default values in parameterized CDS views.

Illustration of converting a standard CDS view into a parameterized CDS view by using the 'with parameters' clause.

Showing how parameters can be used in the WHERE clause to filter results dynamically based on user input.

Clarification on the usage of '$parameters' to access user input values in the CDS query logic.

Default parameter values can only be assigned from system variables like client, system date, and user.

Steps to activate a parameterized CDS view and how to test it by running a program in ABAP.

Showing how using parameters in the field list can help display user-entered data directly in the output.

Demonstrating the use of multiple parameters in a CDS view by separating them with commas.

Explaining the importance of aliasing parameters in the field list for proper view activation.

Illustrating how to call parameterized CDS views within ABAP programs and handling the mandatory nature of parameters.

SAP’s best practices and guidelines for working with parameterized CDS views, including a reference to SAP's standard demo program for further experimentation.

Transcripts

hello everyone welcome to sfp

technomaniac in this video we will learn

about the parameterized cds view and we

will able to answer some of the best

equations like when we use the parameter

cdsu is it all the parameters are

mandatory to enter in the cds view or

there is some exception as well where we

will

not enter some parameters value still

our serious view will be executing so

let's get started

to create a view with parameter i will

use same

tds which we have created in my last

video

so

this is the normal cds view we will

convert the cds view into a

parameterized cds view

what i mean by the parameter is cdsu

whenever we execute this particular cds

view it will ask for the some value when

we enter that value then only the result

will be displayed

not only the

exit on the execution but also when we

call this particular cdsu in my select

statement

uh then also

it will ask for the values and then only

it will be activated

what i will do

i will use i will create one parameter

for this particular cds view for

creating a parameter you after the

defined view entity and we are giving

the entity name just after that we have

to write with parameters

and as soon as

we will write with parameter i have to

give the parameter name so what is the

parameter name p underscore controls

i have to give the vbln as a parameter

because instead of passing this

parameter is a constant value i

currently when i am executing this

particular cdsu entity i have passed in

where condition as a sales order is a

sixth sales order number i am displaying

in the output but i want

that user should enter any sales order

number that should be displayed in the

output so for that purpose i have

created this parameter p underscore vbln

i have to give the parameter name then

the column then i have to give the type

of this particular parameter i can use

any about type of parameter or system

default whatever the environmental

parameter which is we are using whenever

we are defining that any day variables

in the normal program those all we can

use data element also we can use so in

this case we will use the data element

we know the type should be vblm so i

have used the vbl and as a type

so as soon as i have defined this

particular parameter

now the system is telling like that you

have defined this parameter

but but you are you are not using this

particular parameter in anywhere in your

cds

so for this purpose i want to access

this parameter in my wire condition so

instead of passing this constant

whatever the user will enter

in the parameter value that value i will

pass

in this where condition for that purpose

to access the parameter in the system

what i have to use i have to use the

dollar

parameters

and if i do control space all the

parameters will be displayed and i will

pass this

sales order number which user have

entered that in the where condition and

it will be displayed once the user do

app hit let me activate this one control

f3

of now just ignore this program where we

are using this particular cds view

ok i have activated this particular

program let me do

fade to this particular cds view

f8

so it soon i did the effect you can see

it is asking for the parameter value

because i have defined one parameter in

my cds view

i can and this is also mandatory i can

see the star symbol means it's a

mandatory that's very important thing so

i have to pass this value then only the

cdsu will be executed otherwise it will

be not executed so one two three four

five six seven eight nine and any number

i can give i use the six number because

we were using previously

and i am clicking on ok button then the

output will come this time instead of

where condition we have

we have passed the

through const instead of passing through

constant we have passed as a parameter

this particular sales order value and we

can see the result

or let me do f8 once again this time i

will pass instead of six sales order

some other sales order

i can pass suppose i have a passport to

sales order and i will do

so you can see i this time i got that's

order number four so like that

i can get any sales order detail when i

pass the sales order value this is the

normal thing

so as you remember from my previous

video i have called this particular cds

view

in my one of the program

that time that this particular cdsu was

not

this particular cds view was not

parameterized

and here we

we normally call the cds view and we got

the result easily but now if i try to

do f8 i will get the dump

because now you have converted your cds

you to the parameter cds view and you

don't pass those parameters here because

parameters are mandatory

you have to pass there is one exception

case that also i will explain but as of

now you can see parameters are mandatory

and uh

since we didn't pass this particular

parameter so it will give us a dump and

if you try to activate this one we will

get on first place the

syntax error you can see activation

failed with the error c problem view

basically we got the syntax error what

syntax error the parameter was not bound

we didn't pass any parameter

so for how to pass the parameter when we

call the cds

view or cds entity in our select

statement what is just after the cdsu

entity name we have to click on control

space

control z control space

just

so i can give the p underscore vbl and

value and i have to pass p underscore

vbln value i can pass any value one two

three four five six seven eight

nine ten

so i have passed this particular sales

order value to display in the output i

am using the cl demo output to display

in the output i have passed you can see

that particular syntax error got removed

because i since my

the cds view entity is the parameterized

and i have passed this particular

parameter as well let me activate this

one control f3

and let me see the result

if i do f9

so

let me open console over here so you can

see the result as well let me clear out

the console and do the f9 again

so i go to the result with the fourth

size

sales order number four fourth and other

detail also i put

like that i can call the parameterized

cds view in my ab report or my program

now

the other thing is i told you

the parameters are mandatory we have to

pass there is one exception

if we can give some default value to

this parameter

then these are not mandatory

and the default value we can give is

only as a system variables

so how to give the default value for

explaining purpose i will add one more

parameter to our cds that will be the

date

so what i will do if you want to add

multiple parameter to particular cds you

have to give the comma separated list i

have to do comma

and i have to give another

parameter which i want to give this will

be the date parameter i want to give the

date parameter over here and the type

should be

i can use this time the ab date is a

it's

is a parameter

so this will uh

again i have created one more parameter

and i didn't use this time instead of

using in my where condition i will use

this particular parameter in my

filled list

so you can use in the field list or if

you are doing any automatical operation

there also you can use if you are doing

any aggregation operation there also you

can use and if you can you can use on

the on condition filter condition or in

wire condition anywhere you can use this

parameters as per your requirement

so i just want to display this

particular p underscore date to access

this particular parameter again i have

to use this

a dollar

parameter expression and control space

we underscore date

i want to display this date whatever

user have entered

so if i do control f3

one more important thing if you are

using the

i got the error if you are using

the parameter

in the field list you have to

mandatorily give the alias name so i

have to give some alias name then only i

can use is

just date

i can give some name

just date now i will not get the error

let me do activation of this control f3

and now our

tdsu entity got activated now let me

execute this span

you can see i can enter two parameter

but both parameters are mandatory

let me pass some value 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10

and let me pass some date also 1991 1104

or some any date you can pass

and because it is mandatory to pass the

date otherwise this particular view

entity will be not executed let me do

okay

and we can see the result

let me open over here

so this system did go uh this this date

whatever i have entered the date with

same date got displayed over here

but that was mandatory

as i told you there is one hack over

here i can there one exception where we

can

though those parameters are mandatory

in those cases those parameters will be

not mandatory so for making that i have

to pass some default value to the

parameter

so default value to parameter i can pass

only the four or five very values are

there that i can pass as a default value

like this client values system date

system time

or

system variables basically i want to say

system variable i can pass as a default

value and since it is a date field i can

pass a system date as a default value

and this will be not mandatory because i

have passed this parameter as a default

value so let me do for that purpose i

have to use one again one new annotation

will learn environmental

environment

annotation let me

write it down and wire

environment dot system field to access

system field this is particular

annotation is very very useful and this

system field it will give the default

value to the particular this date

because we defined this particular

annotation just

above the this particular date either we

can define over here or just after this

p date also we can define so let me do

what value i want to use here then i can

use only five values client system date

system language system type user or one

more thing is there user date and user

time zone six values only

is a parameter with the default this six

value is

i can use as a default value apart from

that and any value i can't use as a

default value

so these are the values i can easily use

as a default value i will use system

date in this case as a default value

and i will activate my tds view entity

let me analyze little bit over here and

let me activate it ctrl f3

one interesting thing you will see

when you execute this one

now you can see this date is not

mandatory but sales order is still

mandatory you have to pass the size of

that one two three four five six seven

eight nine

and ten any sales order i can display

okay

so sales order nine got displayed but

the important thing is that which i want

to show you this time

uh system date go displays two days did

what is the two days that because i

didn't pass any date value so it took

the system date and that date got

particular date code displayed in the

output

and with the same goes with the

this one also if i will not define this

particular

parameter is a default if i will not

pass any default value

ctrl z ctrl x and control f3 and i will

try to activate this particular program

where i have used this particular cds

entity it will give me error

what error i will get

okay let me activate this first

ctrl f3

and let me activate this particular

program as well control f3

i got one error activation failed with

the

this will basically say you didn't pass

date is a mandatory if i pass this date

also p underscore date some value

then i will not get that error

what i will pass

1991-0202

something i can pass so

since i have passed the now this

particular since we have to pass here

comma as well if we are passing the

multiple uh parameter so

if i try to activate now control f3 i

will not get any error and if i do f9 as

well then i will get the result pro

result also there you go i got the

result but this time date is different i

go to some other date

system date i got here in previous

execution i didn't get the system date

because i didn't that time in my

parameter the system date was not there

so it's a simple simple thing but if i

use uh

environmental system field

and if i activate now this control f3

and

if i pass then whatever i am passing

that will be displayed and if i don't

pass this particular date

and i will try to activate this time it

will get activate because i pass default

value using the environment environment

annotation so that is the reason it is

getting activated and if i try to get

the result see the result in console let

me do f9

so i got this time but the date is a

system date two days date i got and the

result you can see how we are getting

so like this is the way we can create

the parameters cdsu before going further

i just want to show you one sfp standard

program there if you if you want to do

experimental

experimental thing with the parameter

things so i have something standard

program that is very useful control c

and this is

what this is written i have written the

same thing whatever i return

let me close everything

else

so it's written like the same thing

default value can be assigned with the

annotation this annotation and parameter

are optional only when the default value

is assigned we can assign the default

value to parameter how we can assign

using the environmental annotations

environmental annotation we have the

limitation only five or six

environmental annotations we can use and

we can as i assign as a default value

and we can only use the system field to

search as a system date system language

as a default value other value we can't

use so basically we can say apart from

this six value we can't pass any default

value and other

apart from 56 value if you are using any

other value then the parameter will

become the mandatory

and we have one

cdsu control c

control shift a

control v

let me this is sfp standard demo cdsu

which used in this particular program i

just want to show you this particular

program

this we how we usually do the this is

main method we are this is local class

demo uh and we have one static main

method which we are calling instead of

selection inside that they have one demo

expression table that first what they

are doing they are deleting everything

from this demo expression table then

they are inserting one entry with the id

one if you see this demo expression

table it is having the id field as a key

field i just want to show you id field

is a key field they have entered one

entry with the other field are blank

then what they are doing they are

pulling on cdsu if you see this

particular cdsu

this is ddic based cds view i will show

you

the this is the

ddac based cdsu you can see in this ddac

base cdsu they are using

four parameter or four or five parameter

one two three four five parameter they

are using all parameters are

uh they are using the some default value

using this particular environmental

environment annotation

and all the fields they are displaying

in the output and one more thing they

are just using id1 which they have

inserted that particular entry so this

is basic demo cds view given for the

purpose of the how we can pass the

default value values to parameter one

what all are the values are possible

only these five values are possible so

they have used all

five values so what they are doing

if i do the f9 or f8 to this particular

cds view you can say f8

and all

four parameters are there one two three

four and all are not mandatory actually

hola

not mandatory if i do i if i do the f8

over here uh if i click on ok button

still is it will display some result

with the system date client userid

language and other detail it will

display the error and if i call this

particular cds you can so in the program

also they have called in one select

statement they have passed the all the

parameter in another select statement

they didn't pass any parameter but still

we can see

in both the cases we will get the same

result and i just want to show you let

me do f9

you can see we got the result client

date you date field time and both the

cases we have got the same result from

this particular program this is the one

of the sfp standard demo program which i

have used but one more important thing i

just want to do might have seen what is

this

semicolon doing here we are accessing

this particular parameter using the

colon

this got absolute

because

they have used the ddic based

3ds view

this ddic based cdsu we can use still

this colon but in the if i try to use in

my

entity define view entity this

particular

cds like this this particular to access

the parameter i will use colon then it

will give us you have to use the

expression this particular expression

dollar parameter expression you have to

use instead of this so that is the

reason

the uh in the

define view entity or new cds view

entity we have the stricter syntax check

so we have to follow strictly

uh

we have to use pyramid dollar parameter

only so one simple thing i just want to

for this cds also we have another

cds also there let me show you that cds

also uh let me go here ctrl c

ctrl c this is fills v

and let me do ctrl shift a

ctrl v

this is the another cds is there

where this is

this cds and this cds both are similar

but this is

ddic based cds view

this one and this one is the

defined view entity means the cds view

with entity a defined created with the

cdsu entity in uh newer way of the

view creation that newer way that is the

reason in this they have used the colon

and in this they can't use column they

have to use mandatory dollar parameter

and in this case they have created one

sql view in this in this case we we

don't have any sql

this is the one of the example i just

want to show you sf standard example

so if you want to see because this kind

of example available in every system you

can experiment you can copy this program

past in

your local

local program and you can do whatever

you want i hope you learn something new

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